The Industrial Revolution

Europe in the 18th Century: Background to Revolution

Paradigm Shifts

Population growth

Agricultural Revolution

Class Divisions

Global War

Foundations of the Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Population Growth◦ Enclosure System in Great Britain

Concentrated Markets

Atlantic – centered economy

Money and banking

Political stability

Human Capital

Peasants = large, semi-skilled work force

Putting out system:

InefficientSlow

Failure of the putting out system led to rise of industry

The Rise of Industry - Late 1700’sEntrepreneurs

Inventors

Consumers

Technological advancement

Resources

Mass production

The Rise of Industry Spinning Jenny

◦ James Hargreaves - 1764

Steam engine◦ James Watt - 1765

Canals ◦ Steamboat – 1774 (first successful boat)◦ Robert Fulton

Made commercial use of steamboats popular

Railroads - 1829◦ George Stephenson◦ Urbanization ◦ Nationalism

Steam Engine

Spinning Jenny

Rocket Locomotive

Spread of Industrialization

Great Britain◦Industrial Revolution began here◦50 year monopoly

◦The Crystal Palace

The Second Industrial Revolution

Second Industrial Revolution◦Around 1850

◦United States◦Germany

Industrial SocietyMaterial Benefits

Migration

Urbanization◦Living conditions

Gender Relations

Industrial Society Upward social mobility

Bourgeoisie - (in Marxist theory) the class that, in contrast to the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned with property values.

Proletariat - (in Marxist theory) the class of workers, esp. industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or property and must sell their labor to survive.

Working conditions◦ Resistance◦ Reform

Socialism Karl Marx

◦ History propelled forward by class struggles.

◦ Capitalism is to blame for social problems. Industry is good Unequal distribution of wealth is bad

◦ The last struggle will be between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

◦ The proletariat will seize the means of production and the result will be a classless / stateless society. Everyone will be equal

Utopian