The Human Body: An Orientation

Notes Booklet Name: ___________________ Period: ____ #: ____

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‘I Can’ Objectives *Check once you have mastered each one of these objectives and include the page number in the notes where the information can be found. _____ Page #-______ 1. I can distinguish between anatomy and physiology. _____ Page #-______ 2. I can distinguish between the different levels of study in anatomy. _____ Page #-______ 3. I can list the levels of structural organization from the least to

most complex and from most to least complex. _____ Page #-______ 4. I can describe the general structures and functions of the 11 human

body systems. _____ Page #-______ 5. I can describe the 8 necessary life functions. _____ Page #-______ 6. I can describe the 5 survival needs. _____ Page #-______ 7. I can describe homeostasis and its importance in maintaining a

healthy body. _____ Page #-______ 8. I can distinguish between and describe the two homeostatic

feedback mechanisms.

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I. An Overview of Anatomy & Physiology

A. Anatomy

- study of the _________________ and ___________ of the body and its parts

B. Physiology

- study of how the body and its parts _____________ or __________________

II. Anatomy—Levels of Study

A. _____________ Anatomy or ______________________

- large structures/easily observable

B. _____________________ Anatomy

- very small structures/can only be viewed with a microscope

III. Levels of Structural Organization – from least to most complex

1. ____________________ 4. __________________

a. __________________ 5. __________________

b. __________________ 6. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________

IV. Organ System Overview

A. Integumentary System

1. Anatomy

- __________

2. Physiology

- forms the external body ____________________

- protects deeper tissue from ___________________

- synthesizes ___________________

- location of cutaneous ________________________ & sweat/oil glands

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B. Skeletal System

1. Anatomy

- __________________, cartilage & joints

2. Physiology

- __________________ & __________________ body organs

- provides a ____________________ the muscles use to attach to & move

- produces blood cells - ______________________

- stores minerals - __________________

C. Muscular System

1. Anatomy

- _________________________

2. Physiology

- allows __________________

- maintains __________________

- produces _______________

D. Nervous System

1. Anatomy

- _______________, spinal cord, _______________ & sensory receptors

2. Physiology

- ________________________ control system

- responds to __________________ & __________________ changes by

activating muscles & glands

E. Endocrine System

1. Anatomy

- __________________ located throughout the body (pituitary, & thyroid)

2. Physiology

- _____________________ control system

- secretes ____________________ to regulate body processes

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F. Cardiovascular System

1. Anatomy

- _______________ & blood __________________

2. Physiology

- _____________________ materials via blood pumped by the heart

G. Lymphatic

1. Anatomy

- _________________, ____________________ & lymphatic vessels

2. Physiology

- picks up _______________ leaked from blood vessels & return it to blood

- involved in ____________________

H. Respiratory System

1. Anatomy

- nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, __________________, _______________

& lungs

2. Physiology

- keeps blood supplied with _______________ & removes _____________

I. Digestive System

1. Anatomy

- oral cavity, __________________, __________________, & intestines

2. Physiology

- breaks down & __________________ nutrients

- removes indigestible _________________ as feces

J. Urinary System

1. Anatomy

- _________________, ureters, ________________ & urethra

2. Physiology

- eliminates nitrogenous ______________ as urine

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- regulates _______________, electrolyte & __________________

balance in the blood

K. Reproductive System

1. Anatomy

1. female – uterine tube, _____________, _______________, vagina

2. male – prostate gland, vas deferens, ________________, penis

2. Physiology

- production of __________________

- production of _______________________

V. Necessary Life Functions

1. __________________________________

2. ______________________

- locomotion

- movement of substances such as blood

3. ______________________

- ability to ______________ changes and react or respond to them

4. ______________________

- the break-down and absorption of nutrients

5. ___________________ - all chemical reactions occurring within the body

- necessary to produce energy & make body structures

6. ____________________

- eliminates _____________ from metabolic reactions

7. ____________________

- produces _______________ generation

8. ____________________

- increases cell ___________ and _______________ of cells

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VI. Survival Needs

1. ___________________

- chemicals for energy and cell building

- includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

2. __________________

- required for chemical reactions

3. __________________

- _______________ of body weight

- provides for metabolic reactions

5. ______________ body temperature

6. _______________

- ___________________ – force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight

of air

- __________________ – the force applied by fluids

VII. Interrelationships Among Body Systems

A. Homeostasis

- homeostasis—maintenance of a stable ________________ environment

- a ________________ state of equilibrium

- homeostasis is necessary for ____________ body functioning and to sustain life

- homeostatic ____________________

- a _________________ in homeostasis resulting in disease

B. Maintaining Homeostasis

- The body communicates through __________________ and

__________________ control systems

1. ___________________

- responds to changes in the environment (___________________)

- _______________ information to control center

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2. _______________________

- determines ___________ point

- _________________ information

- determines appropriate ___________________

3. ___________________

- provides a ______________ for response to the stimulus (carries out

response)

VIII. Feedback Mechanisms

A. ______________________________

- includes most __________________ control mechanisms

- shuts ___________ the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity

- works like a household ____________________

B. ______________________________

- _______________ the original stimulus to push the variable farther from the

set point

- in the body this only occurs in _______________________ and

_________________

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Define all words using your notes or the text concentrating on key words:

1. anatomy –

2. physiology –

3. gross anatomy –

4. microscopic anatomy –

5. responsiveness –

6. digestion –

7. metabolism –

8. excretion –

9. reproduction –

10. growth –

11. atmospheric pressure –

12. hydrostatic pressure –

13. homeostasis -

14. receptor –

15. control center –

16. effector –

17. negative feedback -

18. positive feedback -

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*Booklet Rubric*

I Can Statements ____/5

Notes ____/10

Vocabulary ____/10

BOOKLET TOTAL _____/25

Date Turned in ____________

1 day late – minus 30% ______/25

2 days late – minus 50% ______/25

3+ days late – 0 credit ______/25