The Hormonal Effects of Cumulative Partial Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Young Men Wessel M.A. van...
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Transcript of The Hormonal Effects of Cumulative Partial Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Young Men Wessel M.A. van...
The Hormonal Effects of The Hormonal Effects of Cumulative Partial Sleep Cumulative Partial Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Deprivation in Healthy Young MenYoung Men
Wessel M.A. van LeeuwenWessel M.A. van Leeuwen1,21,2, Mikko , Mikko HärmäHärmä22, and Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen, and Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen11
11 University of Helsinki, Institute of University of Helsinki, Institute of BiomedicineBiomedicine2 2 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Brain and Work Research CentreBrain and Work Research Centre
MCRTN-CT-2004-512362
What is sleep?What is sleep?
Sleep is Sleep is notnot a passive state, a passive state,
absence of wakingabsence of waking
Sleep consists of several types of brain Sleep consists of several types of brain activities: NREM and REMactivities: NREM and REM
- electrical activity of the - electrical activity of the
brain is measured brain is measured
using EEGusing EEG
Is sleep important?Is sleep important?
All known species sleepAll known species sleep
- sleep is dangerous, but still all - sleep is dangerous, but still all animals choose to sleepanimals choose to sleep
Extremely long period without sleep Extremely long period without sleep killskills
Loss of sleep results in bad Loss of sleep results in bad performanceperformance
Temporary loss of sleep is Temporary loss of sleep is compensated for later (=recovery compensated for later (=recovery sleep)sleep)
What happens if we do What happens if we do not sleep?not sleep?
Ability to perform is reducedAbility to perform is reduced- motor performance, memory etc.- motor performance, memory etc.
Mood problems (depression)Mood problems (depression) Increased stress levelsIncreased stress levels Increased risk for diseasesIncreased risk for diseases
- cardivascular- cardivascular- type II diabetes- type II diabetes- obesity?- obesity?
What is happening to What is happening to our sleep?our sleep? Epidemiological argumentEpidemiological argument
- time spent in sleep is diminishing- time spent in sleep is diminishing
How to study the effects How to study the effects of sleep loss?of sleep loss?
Acute Sleep DeprivationAcute Sleep Deprivation
- short period- short period
- complete loss- complete loss Chronic Sleep DeprivationChronic Sleep Deprivation
- longer period- longer period
- partial loss- partial loss
- more common form of sleep loss than - more common form of sleep loss than acuteacute
Why laboratory Why laboratory experiments?experiments?
Control of environmentControl of environment
Controlled group of subjectsControlled group of subjects
Concentrate on defined factorsConcentrate on defined factors
Our experimentOur experiment
Sleep was restricted to 4 hours Sleep was restricted to 4 hours per day during 5 consecutive per day during 5 consecutive daysdays
19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18TUE arrival baseline day 1WED baseline day 2THU sleep debt day 1FRI sleep debt day 2SAT sleep debt day 3SUN sleep debt day 4MON sleep debt day 5TUE recovery day 1WED recovery day 2THU departure
19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18TUE arrival baseline day 1WED baseline day 2THU sleep debt day 1FRI sleep debt day 2SAT sleep debt day 3SUN sleep debt day 4MON sleep debt day 5TUE recovery day 1WED recovery day 2THU departure
We measured:We measured:
Stress reactive hormonesStress reactive hormones
- Cortisol- Cortisol salivasaliva
- Neuropeptide Y- Neuropeptide Y salivasaliva
- Testosterone- Testosterone bloodblood Cardiovascular risk factorsCardiovascular risk factors
- C-reactive protein- C-reactive protein bloodblood
- Homocystein- Homocystein bloodblood
Introduction: Cortisol & Introduction: Cortisol & NPY NPY
Cortisol
Hippocampus
Hypothalamusdamage
Negative feedback
Chronic stress
Memory
NPY
PituitaryAdrenal Cortex
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Time of the day
Co
rtis
ol (
nm
ol/l
)
baseline
sleep deprived
recovery
Results: CortisolResults: Cortisol
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Time of the day
NP
Y (
ng
/ml)
baseline
sleep deprived
recovery
Results: NPYResults: NPY
Introduction: CRPIntroduction: CRP
Inflammation CRP synthesis in liver
CRP in blood
Removal of toxic molecules
Obesity, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, etc.
Atherosclerotic lesions
Risk of stroke and myocardial infarction
Sleep Deprivation and CRP
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Baseline Sleep deprived Recovery
Experimental day
CR
P (
mg
/l) Baseline
Sleep deprived
Recovery
Results: CRPResults: CRP
Summary of ResultsSummary of Results
SubstanceSubstance Effect of Effect of
sleep losssleep lossEffect of Effect of subsequentsubsequent
Recovery sleepRecovery sleep
CortisolCortisol No effectNo effect No effectNo effect
NPYNPY DecreaseDecrease No effectNo effect
TestosteroneTestosterone DecreaseDecrease No effectNo effect
CRPCRP IncreaseIncrease IncreaseIncrease
HomocysteinHomocystein IncreaseIncrease DecreaseDecrease