The History of The History of East & East &

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

China• Culture begins in Wei River Valley

– No written records at this time

– 3,000 BCSome say is even much older

• Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 BC)– In N. China Plain

– Falls to inner rebellions, nomad invaders, and natural disasters

** Dynasties followed Mandate of Heaven & Dynastic Cycle **

China• Zhou Dynasty (1100-200 BC)

– Spread Chinese culture (Golden Age)

– Iron tools

– Confucianism & Daoism (Taoism)

(will discuss further w/ culture)

Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong (Taoist)

China• Qin Dynasty (200s BC)

– Expanded territory even further united China

– Began Great Wall- military protection

China• Han Dynasty (200 BC-200 AD

– Cont’d Great Wall

– Records of history greatly improved

• Tang Dynasty (600-900 AD)– Saw “Renaissance” period (govn’t & art

Δs)

– Cont’d Great Wall

– Buddhism grew

China• Song Dynasty (900-1200s)

– Period of peace, trade & educ. advances

– Fell to Mongols

• Ming Dynasty (1400-1600s)– 1st to have Eur. traders come in

• Porcelain vases

– Zheng He reaches E. Africa

China• Qing Dynasty (1600-1900s)

– Last to rule as dynasty

– Minority group- Manchu (not Han)

– Faced many rebellions and wars• Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864• Opium Wars 1830s-1850s

• Guangzhou port forced to be opened to West (1834)

China• Spheres of influence

– claimed in China by Europe and Japan (1890-1899)

• Forced to be open to all for trade

• Revolution ended rule of Qing Dynasty (1911)

China

• Mao Zedong & the Communist Party– 1927-1949

• Military Nationalist Party forms civil war with Communists win (PRC), Nationalists flee to Taiwan (ROC)

China

• Late 1900s–Tibet taken over in 50s Dalai

Lama and Tibetans flee

–Strict communist rule eventually turn to free market

–Taiwan grows strong as democracy w/ export economy

Korea• 1200 BC

– Chinese culture spreads

– Buddhism becomes main religion

– Silla & Koryo Dynasties rule under united Korea

Pulguk Temple (Silla)

Tombs to Silla royalty

Korea• 1300 AD

– China takes Korean Peninsula• Confucianism = basis for Korean govn’t &

daily life

– Often fought over by China & Mongols

– For next ~600 yrs:• Constantly invaded, faced famines turns

to China, but Japan halts aid Japanese colony in 1910 turns to Russian ideals

Korea• 1950-1953

– Divided in 1948: Russia helped North, US helped South get back on feet Communist conflict N invaded S (Korean War) US backed South

– Ended in stalemate

• 2000– Still separate @ cease-fire line– N in despair, S is prosperous– Peace talks held, but nothing

accomplished

Japan– No recorded history until late 600s BC

– Set up in individual clans until 400 AD

• Yamato Dynasty unites country (400)• Ruled with feudal system

– Adopted cultural aspects from China & Korea

– Many today consider Yamato the ethnic group for most Japanese

Japan• 1100 AD

– Armies weaken dynasty rule– Replaced with shoguns

• Minamoto 1st shogun

• 1100s-1800s– Samurais help shoguns

rule, as professional

warriors– All foreign contact is outlawed (isolationism)

Japan• 1854

– US Officer Perry helped end

isolation by opening ports• Forced to sign unfair treaties

• Later 1800s– Meiji Restoration: major Δs back to

imperial rule

Japan• 1890-1940s

– Imperial Japan begins• Takes Taiwan, Manchuria,

Korea (colony)• Nanking Massacre, 1937• This expansion led to

conflict w/ U.S.

• 1945– Defeated in WWII– Lost overseas territory– Works toward democracy

Japan• Late 1900s

– Now global economic power

• Trade and business

Mongolia & Taiwan• Mongolia was communist until 1991

(thanks USSR)…moved to democracy with free market

• “Tale of Two Chinas” summary…please share

Early Civilizations• SE Asian skills & traditions

– Advanced farming, animal domestication/ livestock, metalwork (Thailand 1st = bronze), power & $ thru maternal side

• Early Development– Maritime trade (seafaring), or just

crops for land based countries

Funan Kingdom• Indian traders set up posts in Gulf of

Thailand, – Blend SE Asn & Indn culture (Hinduism/

central govn’t)

• Maritime traders, intense irrigation system

Khmer Empire• Along Mekong R. (almost all

Indochina Pen, & N. Malay Pen)• System of lakes, canals, irrigation

channels 3-4 crops ea. yr.• Angkor Wat

– Hindu temple & tomb for Khmer ruler, built 800 yrs ago

Srivijaya Empire• Island of Sumatra

• Navy controlled valuable straits & taxed traders (Singapore’s econ. based on same straits)

• China Vietnam– Writing system, religion & philosophy, govn’t

(communism later on)

• Islam SE Asia– Traders = Conversion in coastal areas

interior areas– Malacca is impt cultural center for Muslims

• Spheres of Influence SE Asia– Most countries owned, become rivals– Buffer state of Siam created

Western Control• Netherlands: Indonesia

• UK: Burma, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei

• France: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos

• US: Philippines (gain thru war)

• Thailand remained free

Western Control• Pros-

– Transportation improvements; expanded industry (mining, oil); created commercial plantations production soared

• Cons-– Plantation profit went to West, forced to

wk on plantations for little $, many immigrants brought in for labor; increased military conflict

• All Westerners forced out by imperialist Japan

• After war, and Japan’s defeat, France wanted control back of Vietnam…– Prelude to Vietnam War

• US would stand up against anything communist (North Vietnam, North Korea, China, USSR, Cuba, Cambodia)

WWII

• France: kicked out by northern communist (1954)

• Ho Chi Minh: led northern Vietnam • Ngo Dinh Diem: led southern Vietnam• Viet Cong: communist rebels in the south• Gulf of Tonkin: attack here brought US in to war• Agent Orange: chemical used to kill jungle • Guerilla Tactics: Viet Cong had power in jungle• Richard Nixon: Withdrew troops, partly due to

protest• “boat people”: Millions fled after, most died

Vietnam War

Governments• List the types of govn’ts.

– Constitutional Monarchy: Brunei/Cambodia/Malaysia/Thailand

– Communist: Laos/Vietnam

– Dem. Rep.: Indonesia/ Philippines/ Singapore

– Military: Myanmar?» Now democratic; presidential republic