THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN

MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION ( MWI)

WATER AUTHORITY OF JORDAN ( WAJ )

Wastewater Production, Treatment, and Use in Jordan

Prepared By :

Eng . AHMED ALI ULEIMAT

(ulimat_jor@yahoo.com)

for

Second Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’ , 16-18 May

2012, New Delhi, India

Thanks to Organizers

I would like to thank the organizers and the Scientific Committee for giving me the chance to attend the Second Regional Workshop ‘Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture’ , 16-18

May 2012, New Delhi, India

Presentation scope

1.0 Introduction to water resources in Jordan.2.0 Jordan wastewater policy

3.0 JISM Standards for reclaimed water.4.0 reclaimed water reuse in Jordan..

5.0 conclusions

HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN

Area :90000 square kmPopulation : 5.6 million (2005).

Capital : AmmanPopulation rate:2.8%

Climate :arid-semi aridRainfall:

Around 1.3% of Jordan's area receives more than 500 mm/year

1.8% recieves(300-500) mm3.8% receives (200-300)12.5% receives (100-200)

80% receives <200 mmLong term average of rainfall falling per year:8300MCM

Water Resources-Renewable resources (780)MCM\yr:

1.0 Surface water 505MCM/yr

2.0 Groundwater Sources 275 MCM/yr

Reclaimed water:Treated Wastewater 115MCM ( 2011 )

NONRENEWABLE:

1.0 Fossil Water 140 MCM/yr2.0 Brackish Water 50 MCM/yr.

Water uses in the year 2009-water quantity (941 MCM):

Agriculture represents the single greatest demand for water in Jordan accounting for

nearly : 1.0 for irrigation 64% of the local demand.

2.0 for domestic purposes about(32%)3.0 for industrial sector about(3%)

4.0 other uses <1%

Jordan's Water Strategy-

Due in part to the demand pressure on fresh water resources there is increasing interest in reusing reclaimed water for non potable purposes.

Today, water shortage in the Middle East has forced countries to reuse treated wastewater for agriculture, industry, recreation and to recharge aquifers and Jordan is one of these countries.

An integrated approach has been taken in Jordan's Water Strategy, formally adopted by the council of ministers in May 1997, places a high priority on the resource value of reclaimed water.

)Wastewater shall not be managed as waste; it shall be collected and treated to standards that allow its use in unrestricted agriculture and other non domestic

purposes, including ground water recharge(.

Jordan water strategy-Water for life (2008-2022):

1.0 MWI will continue to expand the safe use of reclaimed water by building new wastewater treatment plants and exploring productive uses in agriculture ,industry and urban landscapes, explore the potential for using the treated wastewater for aquifer recharge as is done in other parts of the world.

2.0 to protect human health ,ground water and the environment by adopting appropriate WW TECHNOLOGYIES that meets the approved standards.

3.0 formulate a wastewater master plan for unserved areas.

Wastewater treatment plants in Jordan-26TPs country wide.

Jordan's governorates-existing-26 &planned WWTPs-8TPs

MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF TYPICAL DOMESTIC Raw WASTEWATER-USA and Jordan

MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER-in Jordan

Raw wastewaterConcentration in mg/l

TDS800-1300

TSS600-1500

T.N30-150

Chloride200-400

Phosphate as P

20-80

FOG48-206

BOD5600-1500COD1000-2500

MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF TYPICAL DOMESTIC WASTEWATER-USA

parameterStrong mediumweak

TDS850500250

TSS350200100

T.N854020

Phosphate

20106

chloride

1005030

FOG15010050

BOD300200100

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS DESCRIPTION---

NoTREATMENT PLANT NAME

YEAR OF OPERATION

TYPE OF Treatment System

Design FLOW

Design BOD

REMARKSAnd Status

1AQABA (old) 1987W.S.P9000

900Good

2AQABA( NEW)

2005Activated Sludge

12000

420Good

3AL- BAQA1987 TRICKLING FILTER

14900

800Good

4FUHEIS1997Activated Sludge

2400

995Good

5IRBID (CENTRAL)

1987TRICK.& ACT. SLUDGE

11023

800Good

6JARASH(EAST)

1983Activated Sludge

3500

1090

will be upgraded

7AL KARAK1988TRICKLING FILTER

786800will be upgraded

8KUFRANJA1989TRICKLING FILTER

1800

850WILL BE up GRADED

9MADABA1989Activated Sludge

7600

950Good

10MAFRAQ1988W.S.P1800

825WILL BE up GRADED

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS DESCRIPTION Table4NoTREATMENT

PLANT NAMEYEAR OF OPERATION

TYPE OF Treatment System

Design FLOW

Design BOD

REMARKSAnd Status

11MA’AN W.S.P1989A.C1590970Good

12ABU NUSEIR1986ACT SLUDGE&. RBC

40001100Good

13RAMTHA1987Activated Sludge

54001000Good

14AS SAMRA1985A.C267000

525Good

15AS SALT1981Activated Sludge

77001090Good

16TAFILA1988TRICKLING FILTER

76001050Good

17WADI AL ARAB1999Activated Sludge

22000

995Good

18WADI HASSAN2001OXIDATION DITCH

1600800Good

19WADI MOUSA2000Activated Sludge

3400800Good

20WADI ALSIER

1997Aerated lagoons

4000780Good

21ALEKEDER2004W.S.P40001500Good

22ALAJOUN2005W.S.P10001500Good

23TELALMENTEH2004TRICK.& ACT. SLUDGE

4002000Good

Existing water reuse standard in Jordan:

The Institution for Standards and Metrology is the national entity responsible for Issuing standards in

Jordan (JISM) .Permanent technical committee for water and

wastewater No.17 has set the Jordanian Standard 893/2002 dealing with “Water-Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater” and recommended its approval as a Jordanian Technical base No. 893/2006.

Scope: This Jordanian standard is purposely set to specify the conditions that the reclaimed domestic wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plants should meet in order to be discharged or used

in the various fields mentioned in this standard.

General Requirements The Reclaimed Domestic Wastewater standard has two

primary components:

A) Reclaimed water discharged to streams, wadis or water bodies.

B) Reclaimed water for reuse.

Reclaimed water must comply with the conditions stated in this standard for each of its planned end uses.

It is not permitted to dilute by mixing reclaimed water before being discharged from wastewater treatment plants with pure water intentionally to comply with the requirements set in this standard.

General Requirements1.0 Should reclaimed water be used for purposes other than

those mentioned in this standard (such as for cooling or for fire distinguishing and artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers ), special standards or guidelines are to be applied in each case after conducting the necessary studies taking into consideration the health and environmental dimension.

2.0 Official and specialized concerned parties overseeing the operation and development of wastewater treatment plants must always work towards improving the effluent quality to levels, maybe, exceeding those presented in this standard to ideally use the reclaimed water and protect the environment.

3.0 It is prohibited to use reclaimed water for irrigating vegetables that are eaten uncooked (raw).

Two main groups

The item concerned with reclaimed water reuse for irrigation purposes consists of two main groups; standards group and guidelines group:

1.0 Standards group: is the group of properties and standards that operating parties must produce water complying to it and according to the usages mentioned in this standard.

2.0 Guidelines group: The guidelines group is considered for guidance only and in case of exceeding its values the end user must carry out scientific studies to verify the effect of that water on public health and the environment and suggest ways and means to prevent damage to either.

Water –Reclaimed Domestic Standard-JS-893/2006 Table-4 Water – Reclaimed domestic wastewater Standard 893/2006{1

Discharge to water bodies and wadis

Artificial Recharge Irrigation

Group A Group A Cut flowers

C B A

BOD5 60 BOD5 15 30 300 200 30

COD 150ƣ COD 50 100 500 500 100

DO >1 DO >2 >2 - - >2

TSS 60 TSS 50 15 300 200 50 PH (6-9) pH (6-9) (6-9) (6-9) (6-9) (6-9)

NO3 70 NO3 30 45 - - 30

T-N 70 T-N 30 70 70 45 45 E. coli

1000 E. coli

<1.1 <1.1 - 1000 100

Intestinal Helminthes

Eggs

≤1 Intestinal Helminthes

Eggs

≤1 ≤1

≤1 ≤1 ≤1

FOG 8.0

FOG 8..0

2 8..0 8..0 8..0

Group B Cut flowers

A B C

Phenol <0.002 Phenol <0.002 Phenol <0.002 MBAS 25 MBAS 25 MBAS 100(15) Cut flowers TDS 1500 TDS 1500 TDS 1500

T-PO4 15 T- PO4 15 T-PO4 30 Cl 350 Cl 350 Cl 400

SO4 300 SO4 300 SO4 500 HCO3 400 HCO3 400 HCO3 400

Na 200 Na 200 Na 230 Mg 100 Mg 100 Mg 100 Ca 200 Ca 200 Ca 230

SAR 6.0 SAR 6.0 SAR 9.0 Al 2.0 Al 2.0 Al 5.0 As 0.05 As 0.05 As 0.1 Be 0.1 Be 0.1 Be 0.1 Cu 0.2 Cu 0.2 Cu 0.2 F 1.5 F 1.5 F 1.5 Fe 5.0 Fe 5.0 Fe 5..0

Li 2.5 Li 2.5 Li 2.5)0.075)

Mn 0.2 Mn 0.2 Mn 0.2 Mo 0.01 Mo 0.01 Mo 0.01 Ni 0.2 Ni 0.2 Ni 0.2 Pb 0.2 Pb 0.2 Pb 5.0 Se 0.05 Se 0.05 Se 0.05 Cd 0.01 Cd 0.01 Cd 0.01 Zn 5.0 Zn 5.0 Zn 5.0 Cr 0.02 Cr 0.02 Cr 0.1 Hg 0.002 Hg 0.002 Hg 0.002 V 0.1 V 0.1 V 0.1 Co 0.05 Co 0.05 Co 0.05 B 1.0 B 1.0 B 1.0

CN 0.1 CN 0.1 CN 0.1

Allowable Limit for properties and criteria for reuse in irrigation

Allowable limits per end use Cut

Flowers Field

Crops, Industrial Crops and

Forest Trees

Fruit Trees, Sides of Roads

outside city limits, and landscape

Cooked Vegetables,

Parks, Playgrounds and Sides of Roads within

city limits

Parameter

C B A

15 300 200 30 BOD 50 500 500 100 COD

2 - - <2 Do

15 300 200 50 TSS 6-9* 6-9* 6-9* 6-9* PH

5** - - 10** Turbidity 45 70 45 30 NO3 70 100 70 45 T-N

1.1*** - 1000*** 100*** E.coli

1**** 1**** 1**** 1**** Intestinal Helminthes

Eggs 2 8 8 8 FOG

* Unit NTU.

*** MPN/100ml **** Egg/l.

Quality Monitoring:

The Wastewater Treatment Plant Owner Party must ensure that the reclaimed water quality complies to the standards and according to its end use. And must carry out the required laboratory tests and document results in official logbooks and present them whenever requested by the governmental monitoring parties.

Comprehensive monitoring program has been implemented by WAJ according to JS893\2006

Table 5 - Number of Reclaimed Water Samples to be collected for the purpose of quality control and evaluation, and the required chemical, physical and biological analysis to be done on the samples Treatment Plants Sampling Frequency

Type Operating Party Monitoring Party Evaluation

Period Mechanical Routine Tests: 8 samples / month

(composite) Physical & Chemical Properties: 3 samples

/day (grab) Intestinal Helminthes Eggs: 4

samples/month (composite) Escherichia coli: 8 samples/month (grab)

Routine Tests: 2 samples/month Physical & Chemical Properties: 2 samples

/month Intestinal Helminthes Eggs: 2 samples

/month Escherichia coli: 2 samples /month

3 months*

Natural Routine Tests: 4 samples / month (composite)

Physical & Chemical Properties: 3 samples /day (grab)

Intestinal Helminthes Eggs: 2 samples/month (composite)

Escherichia coli: 4 samples/month (grab)

Routine Tests: 1 samples / month Physical & Chemical Properties: 1 samples

/month Intestinal Helminthes Eggs: 1

samples/month Escherichia coli: 1 samples/month

6 months**

Table 5 – (cont’d)

Routine Tests: T-N, NH4, TSS, COD, BOD5, NO3

Physical & Chemical Properties: pH, DO, RCL2, Turbidity, Temperatur

* According to seasons (Dec – Feb) , (Mar – May), (Jun – Aug), (Sep – Nov) ** Winter and Summer (Summer: Start of May – Oct, Winter: Start of Nov – Apr)

WHO GUIDELINES

WHO guidelines issued in 1989 focusing on microbiological parameters, to protect public

health .WHO guidelines issued in 2006 has to be

adapted according to the local conditions taken in consideration risk management and assessment approach with support from GIZ,CEHA &USAID PROJECTS.

water reuse management plan

1 .The key objectives of the Jordan water reuse management plan are to use reclaimed water ,where practical ,in exchange for present and future use of fresh water and to maximize the returns from reclaimed water resources.

2 .MWI/WAJ has imposed that all new wastewater treatment projects must include feasibility aspects for water reuse and has set standards for treating wastewater based on reuse categories depending on the type of crops and other intended aspects.

3 .Regulations of reclaimed water are mainly based on use restrictions and must be authorized by WAJ with a signed agreement.

Water reuse in Jordan

1.0 reuse of treated wastewater is a valuable alternative to fresh water resources.

2.0 reduces the demand on conventional water resources.

3.0 reduce the investments in developing new drinking water supplies.

4.0 reduces the volume of WW DISPOSAL. 5.0 reduce pollution to receiving areas

Treated wastewater quantity

The wastewater quantity flows to treatment plants is about 115 MCM for the year 2011 113.83 MCM for the year 2007, 111.8 MCM for the year 2006, 107.4 for the year 2005 and 101.8 MCM for the year 2004. It was increased by (11.5%) from the year 2004. More over, about 72.5% of wastewater

quantity was treated at Sammra T.P .The discharged and used quantity of

reclaimed water from all treatment plants is about (111) MCM for the year 2011 .

table No.2.

No. TREATMENT PLANT NAME

2010 ( M3/day)

13Ma'an 2325

14Madaba 4883

15Kufranja 2828.2

16Wadi Al Seer 3426

17Fuhis 1860

18wadi Arab 9922

19Wadi Mousa 2265.8

20Wadi Hassan 997.6

21Jordan. Valley 298

22AL-Ekader 3376

23Allajoon566.3

24Total m3/d 305553

25Total (MCM) M3/Y 111.527

No.TREATMENT PLANT NAME

2010 ( M3/day)

1Samra 222916.6

2New Aqaba 8020.6

3Aqaba 6626.2

4Irbid 6463.5

5Salt 4483.6

6Jerash 3121

7Mafraq 2179

8Baqa'a 10720

9Karak 1205

10Abu Nuseir 2341

11Tafila 1167.5

12Ramtha 3561

Wastewater effluent –M3/DAY

31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31MONTH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC AVG TOTAL

WWTP m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY m3/DAY MCM/YEAR

AS-SAMRA WSPAS-SAMRA MECH 172644 177500 190980 196500 208731 229865 245690 237600 228074 220456 213370 203682 210424.3 76.801

AQABA MECH. 9505 10155 9080 10249 13084 12731 8817 9817 8845 8585 885 9093 9845.5 3.594AQABA W.S.P 6717 6311 8244 8125 6074 6906 6037 5981 6949 6454 6655 6314 6730.6 2.457

RAMTHA 3440 3450 3304 3207 3528 3717 3644 3691 3517 3506 3359 3497 3488.3 1.273

MAFRAQ W.S.P 2235 2339 2016 1986 2000 2000 2050 2100 2150 1260 2000 1970 2008.8 0.733

MADABA W.T.P 4891 5550 4311 4628 5365 5169 5263 5550 5379 5345 5373 5240 5172.0 1.888

MA'AN W. T .P 3904 3902 3308 3579 2750 3408 2946 3196 2814 2809 2830 2810 3170.0 1.157

IRBID 8123 7072 8148 6962 11033 7332 7817 7370 7710 8864 9,280 7,866 8132.1 2.968JERASH 3116 3504 4352 3278 4505 4434 4137 3231 3396 3169 3058 2992 3680.8 1.343

KUFRANJA 3519 3564 3506 3367 3391 3247 2683 2160 2135 1882 1844 1855 2763.0 1.008ABU-NUSIER 2645 2821 2389 2475 2526 2652 2830 2852 2707 2474 2330 2247 2570.8 0.938

SALT 4425 4896 4716 5251 5450 5647 5929 6353 5594 5581 4973 4673 5290.7 1.931BAQA' 10743 9776 10522 9750 10224 10099 9640 10222 10156 10375 10284 10722 10208.6 3.726KARAK 1534 1893 1469 1740 1644 1690 1901 2168 1821 1885 1689 1607 1753.4 0.640TAFILA 1262 1498 1193 1341 1398 1336 1414 1411 1319 1445 1485 1461 1380.0 0.504

WADI AL SEER 3153 3542 3951 3656 3610 3932 3933 3949 3759 3618 3286 3215 3623.8 1.323FUHIS 2315 2515 2511 2480 2026 2068 2273 2282 2187 2076 1869 2048 2221.0 0.811

WADI ARAB 11569 10018 10809 10434 10820 9910 9945 10982 10642 11457 7019 9563 10264.0 3.746WADI HASSAN 1194 1392 1194 960 1100 1145 1162 1312 1095 1080 988 1049 1131.8 0.413

WADI MOUSA 3954 3155 3567 3279 3082 2712 2718 2627 2678 2937 2979 2660 3028.9 1.106

TALL - MANTAH 363 331.4 358 355 446 331 297 274 284 245 243 258 300.0 0.110

AKADEER 3432 3280 3233 3341 3444 3536 3281 3530 3068 3373 9939 3442 3907.8 1.426AL- LAJJOUN 593 627 845 897 893 916 1030 944 942 915 859 776 853.1 0.311TOTAL m3/D 265276 269091 284006 287839 307124 324783 335436 329602 317221 309791 296597 289040 322842 110.208

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS DAILY AVERAGE INFLUENT2010 M3/Day

agreement with farmers were issued by MWI/WAJ

Agreement with farmers

35

60

88

115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2003 2004 2005 2006

Reuse agreement signed with WAJ

No. of agreements

0102030405060708090

100110120130140150160

2007 2008 2009 2010

No. of agreements

Planned Wastewater reuse- Demonstration and Documentation of Safe Reclaimed Water Reuse

Water reuse is now a part of Jordan’s overall water resources balance and also it is a tool of protecting water resources, coastal areas and receiving bodies from pollution effects. Planned reclaimed water reuse has been practiced in Jordan and some pilot projects have been launched or are under study for irrigation& other intended uses in cooperation with international donors such as USAID and GIZ.

How well are we doing?

In Jordan, the government’s policy is to achieve and improve wastewater collection, conveyance, treatment, and disposal and reuse systems .

WAJ has replaced most of the treatment plants working with Stabilization ponds to activated sludge.

An example :Samra WWTP ,the largest treatment plant that serves Amman & Zarka where 60% of the population of Jordan lives it is working know with AC The new project is a public private partnership (PPP) for financing the construction and operation based on a Build Operate Transfer approach over a period of 25 years It is the first BOT project in Jordan and operated during the year 2008.

Conclusions and recommendations:

1.0 It is necessary to characterize the effluents quality and its possible use according to JS893/2006.

2.0 The first step toward capturing this important resource is implementing and enforcement of reclaimed water standard 893 / 2006 to protect public health and the environment.

3.0 The risks associated with wastewater use in irrigation may overcome benefits from its use when appropriate measures and practices are not considered which creates a challenge to wastewater users.

4.0 Implement appropriate measures to control disease vectors and produce safe conditions for workers and consumers through implementing training programs which aims to let the users recognize the associated risks coming from wastewater reuse.

.

Conclusions and recommendations:

5.0 Update the JS 893/2006 taken in consideration the risk management t approach which is considered the new road map for reuse activities

6.0 Reclaimed water is important to Jordan region from both a resource and regulatory perspective (Treated wastewater is a viable water resource.)

7.0 One way that WAJ recognizes this importance and encourages people to use reclaimed water is by

pricing it lower than the potable rates .8.0 The lower cost of reclaimed water has been an

important incentive for people to use/convert to reclaimed water .

Conclusions and recommendations:

9.0 WAJ has a goal of attaining total water reuse to be used in the intended aspects and

10.0 Awareness raising is a major issues in wastewater reuse management plan and People accepted to reuse reclaimed water by signing

agreements with water Authority .11.0The national planed reuse projects demonstrate

the safe, reliable and sustainable use of reclaimed water and maximizing limited water resources and ensuring compliance with standard and allow Ministry experts to plan, mange and monitor sustainable water reuse projects throughout Jordan

View Of the Irrigation SystemView Of the Irrigation System

Wadi Mousa WWTP - Reuse Project

Wadi Musa TP-PILOT PROJECT

Papaya at Aqaba

Landscaping at Jubiha-Abu nsair Interchange ,

Irrigation system at the Jordan Environmental Street

RAMTHA Reuse activity

WADI AL ARAB TREATMENT PLANT

WADI – AL SIER WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

Cactus at Aqaba pilot project

Any question?