The Habsburgs - ktufsd.org · Habsburg Empire •In 1800, the Habsburgs were the oldest ruling...
Transcript of The Habsburgs - ktufsd.org · Habsburg Empire •In 1800, the Habsburgs were the oldest ruling...
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The Habsburgshttp://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/what-happened-to-the-habsburgs/19953
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Nationalism Divides
Hapsburg EmpireOttoman EmpireRussian Empire
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Habsburg Empire
• In 1800, the Habsburgs were the oldest ruling family in Europe.
• They ruled over a multinational empire.
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Habsburg Empire
• ~1850 the empire had 50 million people.• Less than a quarter were German
speaking Austrians. • Most belonged to different Slavic
groups: Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Romanians, Serbs, Croats & Slovenes.
Serbian Girls
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Habsburg Empire
• Rival groups shared the same region.• The empire also included large numbers of
Hungarians and Italians.• When nationalist revolts broke out across
the empire in 1848, the government crushed them.
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The Compromise…
• Amid all the chaos, 18 year old Franz Josef inherited the Habsburg throne.
• Franz Josef realized he needed to strengthen his empire and made some reforms.
• These changes only pleased the German speaking Austrians.
• The Hungarians wanted sovereignty (self-rule).
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Dual Monarchy
• Austria’s disastrous defeat in 1866 in the war with Prussia brought renewed pressure from the Hungarians.
• Under the new agreement, Austria and Hungary were separate states.
• Each had its own constitution (set of laws) and parliament (lawmaking body).
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• Franz Josef ruled as emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.
• The two states shared ministries (departments) of finance, defense and foreign affairs but were independent in other areas.– Hungarians were the only ones happy about
the compromise.
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Unhappy Slavs…
Slavic groups became more restless for sovereignty (independence). Slavs (especially the Czechs) wanted to unite against the Dual Monarchy.
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Ottoman Empire
• The Ottomans ruled a multinational empire. It stretched from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East…HUGE!!!!
• In the Balkans, Serbia won autonomy (self rule) in 1817 and southern Greece won independence in the 1830’s. But many Serbs & Greeks still lived in the Balkans under Ottoman rule.
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Ottoman Empire
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• The Ottoman Empire was home to other national groups, such as Bulgarians and Romanians.
• During the 1800’s, many different people revolted against the Ottomans, hoping to set up their own independent states.
Bulgaria
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• In the mid-1800’s, Europeans viewed the Ottoman Empire as “the sick man of Europe”.
• Strong European countries that had gone through the Industrial Revolution took advantage of Ottoman weakness and took over their land.
• Russia, Austria-Hungary, Serbs, Britain and France all fought the Ottomans for their land.
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• The Balkan region became known as the “Balkan Powder Keg” and in 1914 was the spark that started WWI.
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The Ottomans were a strong trading empire through the mid-1600’s because they
• 1. controlled access to the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
• 2. had the most powerful navy in the world.
• 3. dominated West African caravan routes.
• 4. conquered most of Asia.
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People would prefer their own bad government rather than submit to the good
government of a foreign power. Which concept is characterized by this statement?
• 1. nationalism• 2. communism• 3. socialism• 4. militarism