The Golden Age of Pericles and the Peloponnesian War 449 404 BCE Following the Persian Wars, the Greeks were united under the leadership of Pericles of Athens. The Greeks had preserved their independence by uniting against Persia, their common enemy. To make sure that they could defend against a future attack by Persia or any other empire, the city states formed the Delian League, dominated by Athens. Your textbook talks about how Pericles of Athens wanted to strengthen the Empire. What empire? Athens was a democratic city state. Why is your textbook calling Athens an empire? Talk to your neighbor. Many historians refer to Athens as an Empire during this time period because Athens controlled the Delian League which was made up of many Greek city states. Pericles is considered the Father of Democracy because he expanded the government workforce to include the poor. It is during Pericles time that Direct Democracy was practiced by most citizens of Athens. The Greek city states paid Athens as members of the Delian League. Their dues was to be used for strengthening the Athenian navy which had been so effective in defeating Persia during the Persian wars. But, the Athenian assembly used much of the money to rebuild the city of Athens. Temples, including the Parthenon and beautiful sculptures were built using expensive materials. The Athenians loved art. Sparta resented Athenian domination and misuse of league funds. It then formed its own league. Many of its allies broke away from the Delian League and joined Spartas league which was called the Peloponnesian league. Its purpose was to defend Sparta and league members against aggressors, including other city states. As hostilities grew, Athens enjoyed a golden period in which art and culture flourished. School of Athens The dramas of Aeschylus and Sophocles became popular forms of entertainment performed in outdoor amphitheaters. Tragedies and comedies were regularly performed. Odeon-of-Herodes-Atticus-amphitheater. Sculptures and columns were built to beautify the city of Athens. What the acropolis probably looked like during the golden age. Which is which? National Archives Building Washington, DC Doric Ionic Corinthian Scientists and Mathematicians made great discoveries during this time period. Philosophers also made great strides in their quest for knowledge. Socrates PlatoAristotle SPA The philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle became a foundation for Western thought. Historians wrote about the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War The Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues began to fight for control of the Greek world which led to the Peloponnesian War. Sparta eventually won after surrounding the Acropolis. Athenians had evacuated to the Acropolis where a plague broke out and many Athenians, including Pericles, died. Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars Both Athens and Sparta were weakened, which led to Macedonian conquest. Ended the reign of Athenian greatness. Corruption replaced good citizenship People lost faith in democracy. Macedonia becomes the next great power. The Golden Age of Pericles and the Peloponnesian War 449 404 BCE The Delian League What was its purpose? Which city state dominated the league and is called an Empire by historians? Which social class did Pericles expand government jobs to? Delian League $$$ Athens was to spend Delian League money on __________________________ Instead, it spend it on ________________________________________. Sparta broke away from the Delian League and formed its own league called the ___________________. Which other city states joined the Peloponnesian league? ___________________________. The Peloponnesian War was fought by the Delian League (Athens) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta). Who won? __________________ Meanwhile, Athens is enjoying a Golden Age. What does this mean? Art & Architecture Drama: Tragedy and comedy Columns: Draw and label the top of three types of columns. Math and Science Geometry Medicine Philosophy Socrates: Plato: Aristotle: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Discurso_funebre_peri cles.PNG/340px-Discurso_funebre_pericles.PNGhttps://www.psdblogs.ca/jpodhaniuk/files/2014/05/Pythagorean-Theorem- 28hy6sz.jpgEuclidean_plane.png https://philoofalexandria.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/aristoteles01- kunsthistorisches-museum-wien.jpgand-Tragedy-Symsbol.pnggranger.jpg