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The Future of the European ARIANE Launcher

Rolf NicolayNatters, 15.05.2014

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Table of Content

• Ariane History• Present Situation• Present Issues• The Future

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History of the ARIANE Launcherfrom ARIANE 1 to ARIANE 5

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• ARIANE (1) was developed after ELDO nonsuccess in the seventies• Maiden flight of this Launcher on 24.12.1979 !!• Launcher was progressively further developed to ARIANE 2, 3 and finally

ARIANE 4• First flight of ARIANE 4 in 1988• Decision for ARIANE 5 was taken mid 80ties in a threefold context

– Development of the Columbus Module for the ISS– Development of the HERMES shuttle to enable independent access to space also for

manned flight– Development of the ARANE 5 as the launcher for HERMES

• After the death of HERMES, ARIANE 5 was considered to serve for satellite launching solely, thus leading to the dual launch strategy

• First successful flight on 30.10.1997• Launcher now since more than 16 years in operational service• ARIANE 4 ceased in 2003

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History of the ARIANE Launcher

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December 1966 1966/1967 Hydrogen high pressure thrust chamber (280 bar)

June 1968

1st flight ofthe Europa 1 upper stage

400 N bipro-pellant engine for postioningthe Eldo upper stage1st hydrogen

engine in Europe

Ariane 1

Maiden flightDec. 1979

Aug. 1984 June 1988

Ariane 5 upperstage EPS withAestus engine

Ariane 3

Ariane 4

Roll controlsystem (SCA)

Vulcain EPC A5

Ariane 5

October 1997

201X

LOX/H2 or HC Staged Combustion Engine

1st staged combustioncycle P111

1st fluor engine in Europe

27 kN engineEldo upper stage

1970 1966/1967

November 1963

December 1972

1st pulsed hydrogenengine in Europe

HM-7 engineAriane 4upper stage

HM-7/B engineAriane 4upper stage

1st hydrogen ram jet engine in Europe hypersonic engineering

RS-72

2000 2006

Vinci, Ariane 5 upper stage

Foundation of the „Entwick-lungsring Süd“ (development ring south)1959

December 1992

Vulcain 2 EPC A5-ECA

Bölkow MBB DASA EADS

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Present SituationARIANE Family today

• Original ARIANE 5 EPS featuring:– VULCAIN engine– EPS upper stage with AESTUS engine– Central main stage with initial stage mixture ratio– Payload capacity (dual launch) of 6 tons

• ARIANE 5 EPS was evolved to ARIANE 5 ECA featuring:– VULCAIN 2 engine– New ESCA upper stage with HM7 engine– Central main stage with increased stage mixture ratio– Upgrade of solid boosters– Payload capacity 9,5 tons

• ARIANE 5 ES is the combination of:– Central Main stage in ECA configuration– Upper stage EPS , requalified for reignition

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6

Ariane 5ES

GTO performance (dual launch)

LEO performance

2.5 t / 5 t1,400 km

1.5 t700 km

6 t 9.5 t

> 20 t300 km – 51.6°

3 t

Present SituationEntire European Launcher Family today

19 May 2014

VegaSoyuzAriane 5ECA

Pictures courtesy of ARIANESPACE

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7

RUAG

NOSE FAIRING

Astrium ST

SYLDA

Astrium ST

VEB

Astrium ST

ESC-A

Astrium ST

EPC

Astrium ST

EAP

SNECMA

Vulcain 2 engine

SNECMA

HM7B engine

RUAGCASA

Payload adapter

EUROPROPULSION

Solid motor

Ariane 5 ESSpecial missions (ATV, Galileo...)

Astrium ST

EPS Aestus engine

Present SituationMain contractors today

19 May 2014

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8

Aestus engine upper stage EPS

Cryogenic Valves – Central Stage

Attitude control system- SCA

HM7B Thrust Chamber Upper stage ESC-A

Vulcain Thrust Chambers – Central Stage

AIRBUS DS (Ottobrunn) is in charge of Key Components in the Propulsion System of the Ariane 5 ECA / ES

Present SituationOttobrunn Contribution today

19 May 2014

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Present SituationEconomical figures and challenges

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• ARIANESPACE order book is filled with (status 02/2014)– Total 20 A5 launches (18 ECA and 2 ES)– Total 9 Soyuz launches– Total 6 VEGA launches

• Figure represents more than 3 years of business

• However the following challenges exist (ARIANE 5)– Increasing price pressure especially in the small satellite market– Increasing difficulty to match two satellites – Still increasing satellites masses

• Necessity to counteract in time to stay competitive

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Preparing the FutureThreefold rational for the Future

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• The following scenario counteracts the upcoming challenges

• Short term: – Increase ARIANE 5 ECA competiveness now

• Mid Term: – Make ARIANE 5 ME available

• Long Term:– Develop ARIANE 6 as quick as possible

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Preparing the FutureShort Term Competiveness Increase

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ARIANESPACE Statements: *)

• Increased competition in GTO leave no other option than to decrease Ariane 5 launch prices on the small satellites market segment to maintain the launch rate (6 per year in average)

– Ariane 5 record quality, reliability and availability are considerable assets to bemaintained and valued but not sufficient to avoid adaptation to competition

• A price reduction is only possible if a cost reduction is achieved from launch vehicle production to operation costs

*) at the occasion of the DLR propulsion day in LAMPOLDSHAUSEN, 02/2014

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Preparing the FutureMid Term Evolution Program (ME)

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• ARIANE 5 ME is presently under development featuring:– A new cryogenic upper stage with 28 tons propellant loading– A new upper stage engine (VINCI) of the expander cycle type– Multiple boost phases interrupted by ballistic coast phases of up to

six hours– Unchanged central stage and boosters– Payload increase to 11 tons net– Considered satellites masses of 4,5 tons (in lower position) and 6,5

tons (in upper position)

• Unchanged recurring price in comparison to ARIANE 5 ECA required

• Availability of Launcher required for 2018

• Main challenges are• Budget consolidation• Compliance to schedule• Transition with A5 ECA by keeping launch rate to 6 (launch facilities

adaption, stage testing in Europe)

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Preparing the FutureLong Term Solution ARIANE 6

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• ARIANE 5 ME has been decided on the ministerial conference 2012. Its configuration is described as follows:

– So called PPH launcher comprising Two stages of solid propellants Two strap on boosters (solid as well) Liquid third stage (utmost communality with ME stage)

– The concept allows to answer to the entire GTO market in a flexibleway (using dual launch for small satellites)

– Re-ignitable upper stage– Payload increase up to 8 tons

• Recurring price for entire launch stipulated to 70 M€

• Availability of Launcher required for 2021/2022

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Preparing the FutureLong Term Solution ARIANE 6

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• Main Challenges:

– Very tough price target– Its achievement will probably necessitate radical adaptation

in the European Liquid Launcher Propulsion Industry– Introduction of a complete new launcher aside Soyuz and/or

VEGA while still operating ARIANE 5 ECA (scheduled tocease business in 2024)

– Transition of production locations vis-à-vis production of ME– Transition Cost

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What else ???

Reflection in the German Carnival´s Procession 2014