The Future of Smart Water Meters in Europe · The Future of Smart Water Meters in Europe ... (UK),...

The Future of Smart Water

Meters in Europe

Dr Lydia S. Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia,

Centre for Water Systems,

University of Exeter, UK

Outline

• ICT for Water Management: The EC strategy since 2012 related

to smart water

• The ICT4WATER cluster

• Smart meters, smart water, smart society: The iWIDGET project

• Third generation projects-Coordination and support actions-

WIDEST

• EC perspective: smart water meters and the future: The road to standardisation

05/11/2015 2 EU UTILITIES WEEK - VIENNA-2015

European Commission:

The broader context. Strategy

since 2012

EC the broader context: ICT for Water Management

• Smart technology and ICT related to smart technology is a

major current research and investment field internationally

• Part of the “smart city” grid and initiatives

• Smart energy starting first

– Pioneers in smart technology applications for domestic and industrial

users

– Legislation related to smart energy meters already exists in some EU

countries (e.g. France, UK)

• Smart water follows, especially research around smart water

AND energy, a major research issue for the EC


• Part of the H2020 Digital Perspective for Europe

• Smart technologies:

• To increase water efficiency

• To improve water management

• To manage water demand

• To reduce leakage

• To reduce energy for water utilities and households

• To increase end user awareness

• To affect end user behavioural change

• with (near) real time surveillance and feedback

ICT and Water Management- EC perspective


ICT and Water Management under FP7 and H2020

• Targets

– Assets management

– Business models

– Decision support system and monitoring

– End-user awareness

– Geographic Information Systems (GIS), OGC, Sensors

– Modelling, real-time process, knowledge extraction,

stream data mining

– Ontologies, semantics, interoperability, standards

– Water regulation


FP7/H2020: Funding on ICT and Water Management

• Funding (Budget 50-55M € for research in smart water since 2012 )

– 2012-2013: Five (5) Collaborative EU projects

– 2013-2014: Five (5) more Collaborative EU projects

– 2015: Five (5) Coordination and Support Actions (CSA)

• All the projects:

– Similar themes and targets: All targeting water utilities and end users (customers)

– 1st group: Emphasis (rather) on water utilities

– 2nd group: Emphasis (rather) on end users and their behavior

– 3rd group: Horizontal actions, dissemination

– Interdisciplinary approach

– Partnerships between ICT equipment providers, software companies and water authorities

• The 15 projects have been “clustered” for coordinated actions and cooperation


FP7/H2020: The cluster ict4water.eu


122 partners in ict4water.eu


EC perspective- Target outcomes

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• ICT-enabled solutions for Integrated Water Resources Management

• Innovative demand management systems

• Decision support systems (DSS)

• Data management technologies (Big data)

• Research and Innovative integration

• Validation in at least 2 real-time operational environments

• Evaluation of anticipated cost/benefits and market prospects

EU UTILITIES WEEK - VIENNA-2015

The ict4water cluster : Case Studies (pilots)

05/11/2015 11

Projects funded in 2012 Case studies

EFFINET Barcelona , Limassol (Cyprus).

ICeWater Timisoara, Milan

iWIDGET Barcelos (Portugal), UK, Athens

WatERP Barcelona, Karlsruhe

UrbanWater Portugal, Czech republic

Projects funded in 2014

DAIAD Spain, UK

ISS-EWATUS Skiathos (Greece), Sosnowiec(Poland)

SmartH20 London, Locarno (CH)

WATERNOMICS Poland, Thermi (Greece), Milan

WISDOM Cardiff (UK), La Spezia (Italy)


Smart Meters, smart water, smart

societies:

The iWIDGET project

iWIDGET: Smart Meters, Smart Water, Smart Societies

• Collaborative, three year EU FP7 project (2012-2015)- 5M €

• Aim: to advance knowledge and understanding about smart

metering technologies (smart meters, smart water, smart societies)

• Main scientific challenges:

– management and extraction of useful information from vast

amounts of high-resolution water and energy consumption data,

– development of customised intervention and awareness

campaigns to influence behavioural change,

– the integration of iWIDGET concepts into a set of decision-support

tools (called “widgets”) for water utilities and consumers,

applicable in differing local conditions.


Consortium

Country

1 University of Exeter (Coordinator) UK

2 HR Wallingford UK

3 IBM Ireland

4 Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil Portugal

5 National Technical University of Athens Greece

6 SAP AG Germany/Switzerland

7 Utility Partnership Limited UK

8 AGS (linked to Águas de Barcelos CS) Portugal

9 Waterwise (linked to Southern Water CS) UK

05/11/2015 14

SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME


http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:SAP_2011_logo.svg&filetimestamp=20120426114532

In short…

05/11/2015 15

Utility-side systems ‘widgets’

Household-side systems ‘widgets’


Use cases/Widgets-Examples

Some consumer domain widgets

1 Compare water consumption with other consumers (e.g., neighbour in the same building or street)

2 Compare water consumption with standard profiles (consumers with the same socio-demographic factors)

3 Compare household water consumption with most efficient users

4 Compare energy pattern associated with water use in the same household

5 Receive information on specific and alternatives pricing schemes

6 Forecast the next water bill

7 Forecast the component of next energy bill associated with water consumption


iWIDGET Structure

05/11/2015 17

Year 1 (WP1)

State-of-the art review, Use cases, Specification of

Requirements

Year 2 (WP2, WP3)

Research, dev. and implementation of

iWIDGET system

Year 3 (WP4)

Real-time monitoring and validation of iWIDGET system

Projectstarts

Onlinetestingstarts

Off-lineTestingstarts

Engagement with utilities and householders (WP3)

Building partnerships building and business plan development (WP5)

Project management and dissemination (WP6, WP7)

NOW End

Oct2015

Oct 2012 Oct 2013 Oct 2014 Oct 2015


Case Studies and Targets

Targets:

How best to provide the dynamic accurate measurement and data

transfer of useful information about end-user water consumption to

the utilities and the customers

How best to use consumption data to improve the operation of

utilities and influence end-users to modify their behaviour

How to arrive at the best business model to convert a promising

technology into a useful and cost-effective product


Case studies

Demonstrating and validating the iWIDGET system:

• Variety of Case Studies

• System online (running for 1 year-since September 2014)

• In three case studies in – Portugal (Aguas de Barcelos) – around 400 households/3 DMAs,

• Water meters only- data time step: 1 hour

• Pressure and rate of flow measurements (SCADA)

– the UK (Southern Water)-around 1000 households dispersed along routes

• Water meters – collected by vans daily along specified routes

• Additional 13 loggers (water) transmitting every 15min

– Athens (pilot case study) – 20 volunteers/ various types of households

• Water and energy loggers – transmitting every 15 min

• One supermeter (transmitting continuously- 5sec)

• Data collection continuing for a second year after the end of the project


Basic structure for the installation for concurrent smart

water and energy meters


Typical smart meters and meter mimic meters

Smart meters combined with WDS SCADA system


Smart meters combined with WDS SCADA system

05/11/2015 22

Smart meters (loggers) connection (UK)

05/11/2015 23 iWIDGET-CWS Seminar

Smart meters (loggers) connection (Greece)


iWIDGET Case Studies

05/11/2015 25

Location Barcelos, PT South East UK Athens, GR

Overall approach for sampling DMA based Along special van routes Volunteers

Water utility involved Aguas de Barcelos Southern Water None

Partner responsible (overall) AGS Waterwise NTUA

Initial number of households contacted 400 Around 3,000 25-30

Active sample size for responses/log-in to the iWIDGET system

84 >1000 survey and 500-600 logged-in 20

System of approach for participation opt-in opt-out personal contact

Control group-out of people who were contacted and opted out (or did not opt in)

yes - ≈ 200-250 yes- ≈ 400-500 no - all the participants are volunteers


iWIDGET Case Study Characteristics

• Links with the public

• Consultation with consumers – Use cases

– Focus groups

• Awareness campaign as a target

• Public acceptance, public opinion integral part of iWIDGET

• White papers on smart metering planned for dissemination

• E-learning training of end-users (online)


Assistance to increase water use efficiency

The system enables householders to receive general as well

as customised suggestions on how to reduce their

consumption through the iWIDGET eLearning platform


www.i-widget.eu

1 – iWIDGET system | functionalities

www.i-widget.eu

2 – Evaluation framework

The technical evaluation of the iWIDGET system has as a key purpose

the assessment of its potential benefits to consumers and water utilities,

by collecting credible insights about its functionalities in real case basis.

feedback of wateruse data

data transfer

processingand

analysis

measure-ment

householdconsumption

network consumption

Water

utility

Consumer

DECISION

MAKING

iWIDGET system

Intelligent water

metering system (Boyle at al., 2013)


www.i-widget.eu


Evaluation objectives:

feedback of wateruse data

data transfer

processingand

analysis

measure-ment

householdconsumption

(demand)

network operation(supply)

Waterutility

Consumer

A – Determine associatedvalue proposition

B – Understand the behaviourchange

A – To evaluate the WIDGET system’s capabilities regarding data

processing and analysis and feedback information production about

water consumption data.

B – To understand the

behaviour change

experienced by

consumers and water

utilities technicians as a

consequence of the

interaction with the on-line

platform.

Note: “Value” is created by the use of water smart metering data and corresponds to capabilities or knowledge that potentially deliver benefits.


www.i-widget.eu


Part A: Determination of iW system associated value proposition

Criteria

group Sub-criteria Metric / Measure Evaluation method

Target audience

Project

team

Case

studies

Functional suitability

Functional

completeness Functional implementation completeness

Functional on-line tests X

Functional

correctness Functional implementation correctness


Performance efficiency

Time behaviour

Response time perception On-line survey X

Response time with multiple users Non-functional on-line tests X

Response time variable data volume Non-functional on-line tests X

Compatibility Interoperability Interoperability with different browsers Non-functional on-line tests X

Interoperability with mobile devices Non-functional on-line tests X

Usability

Data visualization Visualization perception On-line survey X

Operability User operation capability

Non-functional on-line tests + Usability enquiries

X

Operability perception On-line survey X

Appropriateness

recognisability

Attractive interaction Usability enquiries

Appropriateness recognisability perception

On-line survey X

Learnability Completeness of user documentation

User documentation Non-functional on-line tests Usability enquiries

X

On-line survey X

Learnability perception On-line survey X

Reliability Availability System web availability perception On-line survey X

Security Confidentiality Non-authorized accesses Non-functional on-line tests X

Integrity Protection to Injection attacks Non-functional on-line tests X

Portability Adaptability Hardware adaptability Non-functional on-line tests X Note: Evaluation criteria from ISO/IEC 25010 standard (product quality model)

# 11 # 7

www.i-widget.eu

2 – Evaluation framework Part B – Understanding the behaviour change

Criteria

group Sub-criteria Metric / Measure

Evaluation method Target audi-ence

On-line survey

Focus group

Objective data

Aware-

ness

Knowledge of own water consumption Knowledge X

CO

NSU

MER

S

Awareness of the importance of water

saving

Water conservation awareness X

Usage of the iWIDGET e-learning platform X

X

Water

saving

Reduction in volume of water consumed Volume of water consumed X

Reduction in water bills Water bill X

Energy

saving (1)

Reduction in energy consumed kW of energy consumed X

Reduction in energy bills Energy bill X

Satisfac-

tion

Consumer satisfaction Levels of consumer satisfaction with WU X

Number of billing queries/complaints X

Consumer trust Levels of consumer trust in their water utility X

Usage Frequency Frequency of usage of the iWIDGET system

X

X

Quality Levels of consumer satisfaction (e.g., usability/utility and data

format/type)

X

X

Manage-

ment

Day-to-day network operations Improvements on network operations (e.g., pumping and

storage optimization)

X

WA

TER

UTI

LITY

X

X

Water and energy balances Improvements on water and energy balance (e.g., leakage

reduction and energy balance)

X

X

Planning Short and medium term planning

Improvements on short and medium term planning (e.g.,

procedural information and decision-making)

X

X

Long term planning Improvements on long term planning(e.g., procedural

information and decision-making)

X

X

Accep-

tance

Usage Employees’ engagement with iWIDGET system X

Satisfaction Employees’ satisfaction with the iWIDGET system X

Uptake Interest - consumers Community members’ interest in using the iWIDGET system X

SO

CIE

TY

Interest – water utilities Water utilities’ purchase of iWIDGET system X

Changing

demand

Awareness Level of awareness of importance of water conservation among

the wider community X

Water saving Community members’ willingness to conserve water X

Diffusion

of innova-

tion

Visibility Degree to which the results of an innovation are visible to

potential adopters X

Relative advantage Degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than similar others

X

Compatibility Degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with

the needs of the potential adopters X

Trialability The degree to which an innovation may be experimented with a

limited basis X

Problem solver The desirability of adopting an innovation depends on the

problem the innovation promises to solve for the adopter X

www.i-widget.eu

3 – Evaluation design & implementation

Case studies: Portugal, UK, Greece

Southern Water (C & WU) Opt-out recruitment + water utility testing

Athens (C) Volunteers (full trial with 10 of 20 HH)

Águas de Barcelos

(C & WU) Opt-in recruitment

(sample from 3 DMA,

full trial with 10 of 82 HH)

+ water utility testing

and focus group

Society

(C, WU & ICT vendors)

2 focus groups

Note:

1 – on-line platform: use cases menu adjusted to each case study

2 – context factors: differences in each case study are related with engagement results

3 – on-line feedback (requires an action by the user to access information): usage rate between

2 to 4% of customers / energy smart metering (Darby, S., 2010)

www.i-widget.eu

Criteria

groupSub-criteria Metric / Measure Evaluation method

Target audience

Project

team

Case

studies

Functional suitability

Functional

completenessFunctional implementation completeness


Functional

correctness Functional implementation correctness


Performance efficiency

Time behaviour

Response time perception On-line survey X

Response time with multiple users Non-functional on-line tests X

Response time variable data volume Non-functional on-line tests X

Compatibility Interoperability Interoperability with different browsers Non-functional on-line tests X

Interoperability with mobile devices Non-functional on-line tests X

Usability

Data visualization Visualization perception On-line survey X

Operability User operation capability

Non-functional on-line tests + Usability enquiries

X

Operability perception On-line survey X

Appropriateness

recognisability

Attractive interaction Usability enquiries

Appropriateness recognisability perception

On-line survey X

LearnabilityCompleteness of user documentation

User documentationNon-functional on-line tests Usability enquiries

X

On-line survey X

Learnability perception On-line survey X

Reliability Availability System web availability perception On-line survey X

SecurityConfidentiality Non-authorized accesses Non-functional on-line tests X

Integrity Protection to Injection attacks Non-functional on-line tests X

Portability Adaptability Hardware adaptability Non-functional on-line tests X

4 – Results and conclusions

Part A: Determination of the value associated to iWIDGET system

The iW system was developed with a distributed and open architecture, by different partners. This fact can be associated to the values obtained in some criteria.

An important goal was achieved: to define and test several uses for water smart metering data

www.i-widget.eu


Part B: Understanding the behaviour change

SYSTEM IMPACT ON BEHAVIOUR CHANGE (CONSUMERS) PT GR

SY

STE

M U

SA

GE

FREQUENCY

iWIDGET system sessions duration (in

minutes) 7.43 7,13

Number of accesses to the iWIDGET

system 3.92 3,88

QUALITY iWIDGET system usage quality 3.48 3,67

UNDERSTANDING WATER

CONSUMPTION

Homepage 3.00 4.38

Water analysis menu 3.59 3.07

Energy analysis menu ----- 2.23

CHANGING WATER

CONSUMPTION

Homepage 3.00 4.25

Water analysis menu 3.48 3.11

Energy analysis menu ----- 2.25

AWARENESS

Importance of saving water 4.22 3.69

Awareness through the iWIDGET e-learning platform

2.68 4.07

WATER SAVINGS Water savings 3.36 3.32

SATISFACTION Consumer satisfaction ------ 3.50

Consumer trust ------ 3.57

5 point

LIKERT scale (1 = ; 5 = )

www.i-widget.eu


Use cases evaluation by the users

iWIDGET high-level use cases(corresponding to 38 low-level UC)

Benefits

EconomicEnviron-

mental

Distribution

system

operability

Consumer

satisfaction

Co

nsu

me

r

C_UC01: Obtain water consumption data X

C_UC02: Obtain energy data associated with water consumption X

C_UC03: Understand water consumption X X

C_UC04: Understand energy associated with water consumption X

C_UC05: Get assistance to increase water use efficiency X X X

C_UC06: Control water use X X

Wa

ter

utility

WU_UC01: Obtain water consumption & related energy

consumption dataX

WU_UC02 - Understand water consumption X X

WU_UC03 - Understand energy associated with water

consumptionX X

WU_UC04 - Get support to increase operational efficiency X

WU_UC05 - Get support to increase the quality of service X X

WU_UC06 - Get support to improve consumer efficient water use X X

WU_UC07 - Get support for system planning and design X X

To manage water

and energy losses

To reflect true

water value in a

social manner

To manage

demand

To enhance system

operation /

maintenance

DEMAND FULFILLMENT RESOURCES EFFICIENCY

SOCIETY

BUSINESS

Infrequent

DECISION

NEEDS

Frequent( real time)

The most immediate perceived value is in the supply side


Latest ict4water projects:

Coordination and support

actions-WIDEST

Projects funded in 2012 Case studies

EFFINET Barcelona , Limassol (Cyprus).

ICeWater Timisoara, Milan

iWIDGET Barcelos (Portugal), UK, Athens

WatERP Barcelona, Karlsruhe

UrbanWater Portugal, Czech republic

Projects funded in 2014

DAIAD Portugal, UK

ISS-EWATUS Skiathos (Greece), Sosnowiec(Poland)

SmartH20 London, Locarno (CH)

WATERNOMICS Poland, Thermi (Greece), Milan

WISDOM Cardiff (UK), La Spezia (Italy)

Mature projects: Results


• Water Innovation through Dissemination Exploitation of Smart Technologies

• Water observatory, Roadmaps, Standards, EIP Water Action Group involvement

H2020 project WIDEST:

Coordination and Support Action (2015-2017)

05/11/2015 40

Projects funded in 2012-13

EFFINET

ICeWater

iWIDGET

WatERP

UrbanWater


Water Innovation through Dissemination Exploitation of Smart Technologies (WIDEST) aims at: • Running an ICT for Water Observatory (IWO) • Establishing Common Dissemination

Frameworks • Connecting with EC a EIP Water action group • Organising Events to encourage interaction

between stakeholders and the public. • Producing four Roadmaps:

• Semantic Interoperability and Ontologies

• Smart City Connection • Smart Water Grids • Overall roadmap for key issues

• Producing a Portfolio containing effective ICT for Water technologies

H2020 project WIDEST:

Coordination and Support Action (2015-2017)


WIDEST: Water EIP Action Group involvement


European Commission:

Smart water and the future

www.ict4water.eu


Coordination and clustering – ICT4Water

• Development of the Roadmap “ Emerging Topics and

Technology Roadmap for Information and Communication

Technologies for Water Management” May 2014/March 2015

• Actions

– Exchange of information- Common website-Contacts

– Special sessions in Conferences/Publications (WDSA, IAHR, CCWI)

– Common development of standards and standardisation

– Common papers

– Links with/participation in Water EIP relevant action groups

05/11/2015 45

The road to smart water

standardisation

Standards/Standardisation for smart water

• Within iWIDGET work started in 2014

• Step 1: Developing Questionnaire

• Step 2: Recording the opinions of experts/stakeholders from various

backgrounds

– Distributed to iWIDGET partners (Spring 2014)

– Distributed to other ICT4WATER cluster members (Summer 2014)

– Distributed to the Ctrl+SWAN action group (collective response)

– Discussed at a special session at WATERIDEAS conference (October 2014)

– Paper summarising questionnaire and responses in IAHR2015 proceedings

– Special panel session open at SWAN 2015 conference (April 2015-London)

– Special session during CCWI 2015 (3 September 2015)

• Step 3: Working on documents for the EC Roadmap

– Special closed session about standards alongside SWAN (May 1, 2015)

– White paper to be discussed in CCWI 2015

– 1st Standards/standardisation report to the EC (iWIDGET): finalised October 2015

– 2nd Standards/standardisation report to the EC (WIDEST): February 2017


Purpose for ict4water

• Develop a roadmap to standardisation : – Identify specific areas where standardisation is beneficial

– Within each area identify an initial set of standards for adoption or development

– Adopt a process for bringing about the adoption/development (OGC/W3/ISO)

– Find leaders/sponsors

– Set process in motion

• Suggest role of ICT4Water cluster in implementing the roadmap

• Propose: how standardisation should be resourced

• Agree on the draft outline report to the EC


Previous work: Standardisation priority sectors/types

• Interoperability/compatibility of systems and procedures

• Comparability of data and results of processing

• Reliability of systems and results

• Security of information

• Safety of smart technology

• Communication (IT) –Effective operations

• Communication with the consumers and the public, i.e. customer feedback

• Type: Open standards

• Ease of use.


Standard-based framework for smart water standards

05/11/2015 50

2015

2025 EU Rollout

Priorities Interoperability/compatibility Comparability of data and results Reliability of systems and results Security IT-Safety Communication-Effective operations Communication with the public


Conclusions:

Ict4water and the EU

ICT and Water Management under FP7 and H2020

• Links to the Juncker agenda priorities:

1. A new boost for Jobs, Growth and Investment

2. A connected Digital single market

• Better online access to digital goods and services

• An Environment where Digital Networks and services can prosper

• Digital as a driver to growth.

3. A Resilient Energy Union with a forward-looking Climate Change policy

4. A Deeper and Fairer Internal Market with a Strengthened Industrial Base

5. …….


05/11/2015 53

Thank you Visit us:

http://ict4water.eu


http://ict4water.eu/

The Future of Smart Water Meters in Europe · The Future of Smart Water Meters in Europe ... (UK),...

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