The French & Indian WarThe French & Indian War

The First World War

Several Major IssuesSeveral Major Issues

France establishes trading posts along the France establishes trading posts along the Canadian borderlands as early as 1604.Canadian borderlands as early as 1604.

England and France are in constant England and France are in constant competition with each other for an Empire.competition with each other for an Empire.

English colonies and French fur trappers English colonies and French fur trappers establish relationships with Indian tribes.establish relationships with Indian tribes.

European wars create greater hostility between European wars create greater hostility between England and France. England and France.

Colonial ConcernsColonial Concerns

French fur trappers arming Indians along the French fur trappers arming Indians along the Ohio River valley.Ohio River valley.

Colonial-French competition for land in the Colonial-French competition for land in the upper Ohio Valley. (Very lush farmland)upper Ohio Valley. (Very lush farmland)

French fortifications along the western French fortifications along the western frontier.frontier.

French Forts and OutpostsFrench Forts and Outposts

1754: Washington blunders into a 1754: Washington blunders into a world warworld war

Virginia land speculators secure rights to Virginia land speculators secure rights to 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley

This is the same land in which the French This is the same land in which the French are building Forts along the Ohio River.are building Forts along the Ohio River.

21 year-old Lt. George Washington is sent 21 year-old Lt. George Washington is sent to Ohio Valley with 150 militiamen to to Ohio Valley with 150 militiamen to secure the land claims.secure the land claims.

Washington and his militia encounter Washington and his militia encounter French troops in the forest, engage them, French troops in the forest, engage them, and kill their commander.and kill their commander.

Washington is trapped by French Washington is trapped by French reinforcements, surrenders, and is allowed reinforcements, surrenders, and is allowed to return to Virginia.to return to Virginia.

The French and Indian War is on. The French and Indian War is on. Lt. George Washington

Indians choose sidesIndians choose sides

English call a colonial meeting English call a colonial meeting in Albany, NY.in Albany, NY.

7 of the 13 colonies send 7 of the 13 colonies send representatives.representatives.

Colonies pledge support to the Colonies pledge support to the English.English.

Iroquois nation convinced to Iroquois nation convinced to side with the English.side with the English.

First instance of colonial unity First instance of colonial unity in a major war.in a major war.

Huron and several other Great Huron and several other Great Lakes tribes side with the Lakes tribes side with the French.French.

Huron see the French as being Huron see the French as being merely interested in trading merely interested in trading posts, not colonization.posts, not colonization.

Huron and Iroquois are Huron and Iroquois are traditional enemies.traditional enemies.

England France

General Braddock’s DefeatGeneral Braddock’s Defeat

Commander of North American British ArmyCommander of North American British Army Refused to fight guerilla style warfare.Refused to fight guerilla style warfare. Attacked while marching on Fort Duquesne.Attacked while marching on Fort Duquesne. French & Indian forces defeat and kill French & Indian forces defeat and kill

Braddock.Braddock. Western lands left open to attack by Huron.Western lands left open to attack by Huron. Colonials rise to the occasion in defense of Colonials rise to the occasion in defense of

their homes.their homes.

Quebec & Montreal FallQuebec & Montreal Fall

British claim two major victories in the capture of British claim two major victories in the capture of Quebec and MontrealQuebec and Montreal

French are defeated and forced to seek terms of a French are defeated and forced to seek terms of a peace settlement in the Americaspeace settlement in the Americas

Treaty of Paris (1763) gives England complete Treaty of Paris (1763) gives England complete control over most of North America and all former control over most of North America and all former French territory.French territory.

France gives Spain Louisiana and New Orleans as France gives Spain Louisiana and New Orleans as compensation for Spanish losses.compensation for Spanish losses.

French are no longer power players in North French are no longer power players in North America.America.

England Adds to its coloniesEngland Adds to its colonies

Area in red is territory acquired by England from France 1763

Colonial GainsColonial Gains

Colonists gain considerable confidence.Colonists gain considerable confidence. Colonial unity during war gives colonists a Colonial unity during war gives colonists a

greater sense of a singular identity.greater sense of a singular identity. British ineptitude and poor treatment of British ineptitude and poor treatment of

colonial militia deepens dislike of British.colonial militia deepens dislike of British. Colonials gain confidence militarily because Colonials gain confidence militarily because

they fight side by side with English and hold they fight side by side with English and hold their own.their own.

No more fear of French interference along No more fear of French interference along frontier with Indians.frontier with Indians.

Indian LossesIndian Losses

Colonials no longer held in check by French.Colonials no longer held in check by French. Colonials free to further invade Indian territory.Colonials free to further invade Indian territory. Fracturing of inter-tribal relations and the Fracturing of inter-tribal relations and the

weakening of tribal strength.weakening of tribal strength. The development of long-lasting animosity The development of long-lasting animosity

between tribes making it difficult to resist between tribes making it difficult to resist westward expansion.westward expansion.

British GainsBritish Gains

Two-fold increase in colonial land.Two-fold increase in colonial land. A truly world empire.A truly world empire. Massive DebtMassive Debt Colonial EgosColonial Egos Increased responsibilitiesIncreased responsibilities Greater, enraged enemies in Europe and the Greater, enraged enemies in Europe and the

New World.New World.

Prelude to RevolutionPrelude to Revolution In Albany (1754), the English promised the Iroquois In Albany (1754), the English promised the Iroquois

and other tribes to restrict colonial settlements.and other tribes to restrict colonial settlements. Colonists saw the defeat of the French as an Colonists saw the defeat of the French as an

invitation and opportunity to expand colonies further invitation and opportunity to expand colonies further west.west.

England quickly moves to restrict colonial settlement England quickly moves to restrict colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian Mts.beyond the Appalachian Mts.

Indian-Colonial conflict would cost the English more Indian-Colonial conflict would cost the English more money to defend colonies. (133 million pound debt)money to defend colonies. (133 million pound debt)

Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonial settlement Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonial settlement west.west.

Seed of revolution is planted.Seed of revolution is planted.

New Era for ColoniesNew Era for Colonies

Proclamation of 1763 established to restrict colonial settlement west.

England ends period of salutary neglect and starts to become greatly involved in colonies over next 10 years, spurring problems.

England now sees colonies as a greater source or revenue to aid in payment of English debt.

Colonies won’t have any of it.

Three Elements Leading to WarThree Elements Leading to War

The development of a distinct, American The development of a distinct, American identity.identity.

The development of and independent attitude.The development of and independent attitude. Increased British involvement.Increased British involvement.