And Beyond

The “Old Stone” Age

Old Stone Age

• A period in history when everything was made from stone or wood

• Long period of time in the history of mankind

• 2.3 million years ago to 8000 years ago

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old “Old Stone” AgeStone” Age

““Paleolithic”Paleolithic” --> --> “Old “Old Stone” AgeStone” Age

2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCEBCE

2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCEBCE

hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering ) & gathering ((womenwomen) ) --> small bands of 20-30 --> small bands of 20-30 humanshumans

hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering ) & gathering ((womenwomen) ) --> small bands of 20-30 --> small bands of 20-30 humanshumans NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to (moving from place to place)place)

NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to (moving from place to place)place)

Made Made toolstools

First to First to use fire.use fire.

Made Made toolstools

First to First to use fire.use fire.

NOTES

1. Didn't build permanent dwellings.

2. Had to move when the animals did.

3. Made tools.

4. Used fire.

5. Language to pass on information.

6. Men-Hunted Women- Gathered

Hunters-Gatherers (Nomads)

– Changed human life– Important discovery– Cooking– Light– Warmth

The “New Stone” Age

The New Stone Age

• 8000-5000 years ago

• 50-300 people started living together

• Lived in Villages– A small community of

houses and people

• Started to domesticate- tame animals and plants for human use – Animals used for meat, milk and wool

• Learned to grow food

• People started to settle down

• Built dried mud-brick buildings– Post & Lintel- vertical and horizontal beams

““Neolithic”Neolithic” --> --> “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge ““Neolithic”Neolithic” --> --> “New Stone” “New Stone” AgeAge 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE

Gradual shift Gradual shift from:from: Gradual shift Gradual shift from:from:Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle --> settled, --> settled,

stationerystationery lifestyle. lifestyle.

Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle --> settled, --> settled, stationerystationery lifestyle. lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural --> agricultural production and domestication ofproduction and domestication ofanimals.animals.

Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural --> agricultural production and domestication ofproduction and domestication ofanimals.animals.

NOTES

Neolithic Age Important because…

• Farming started to replace hunting and gathering

• Specialization started– Development of different types of jobs.

Important because…

• First governments were established

• Formal rules established

• Religion

Neolithic Villages

• Jericho– Between modern day Israel & Jordan– About 8,000 BC

• Catal Huyuk – Modern day Turkey– 6700-5700 BC

What Civilizations Need To Survive

• 1. Dependence on natural resources

• 2. Development of economy

• 3. Development of political systems

• 4. Development of religion

• 5. Social structure

• 6. Role of technology

• 7. Fall / Evolution of the civilization.

• Why was agriculture Why was agriculture important?important?

Agricultural Revolution

• Revolution- changes that greatly affect many areas of life

• Most important event in human history

8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE

Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.

• SLASH-AND-BURN SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingFarming• SLASH-AND-BURN SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingFarming

Middle East India Central America China Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCEBCE

Middle East India Central America China Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCEBCE

NOTES

Development Development

of Agricultureof Agriculture

Development Development

of Agricultureof Agriculture

?

?

?

?

Development Development

of Agricultureof Agriculture

Development Development

of Agricultureof Agriculture

?

More FoodLess people need to Farm

Better HomesDevelopment of Cities

Specialized jobs

Population increases

• Discovered in different parts of the world

• Example-

– Asia- wheat, barley, rice, soybeans

– Mexico- corn, squash, potatoes

– Africa- grain