The EUs Energy Supply
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The EU’s Energy Supply
European Economic IntegrationMetropolitan University PragueMartin Kolmhofer2011/2012
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The EU represents 7,2 % of the world’s population, but it accounts for 14 % of worldwide energy demand.
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Compared to other world regions the EU has a high energy demand
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Energy demand by sectors: 1. Transport2. Households3. Industry4. Services5. Agriculture
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5 member countries (Germany, France, GB, Italy, Spain) account for 64 % of the EU’s energy demand.
The ton of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the amount of energy released by burning one ton of crude oil.
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Local differences: Climate? Density of Transport Networks? (Modern) Industry?
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50 % of the energy produced in the EU is generated from coal, oil and gas (fossil fuels)
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Nuclear energy: 27,2 % Renewable energy: 19,7 %
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EU on average has to import 56,6 % of its energy demand. Some countries are less dependent: Poland (uses most of its coal itself)Sweden (renewable energy, mostly water)France (nuclear power)
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Above average: • Germany is dependent on gas and oil from Russia• Italy imports a big part of its energy from Libya
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Trend: Energy consumption in the EU increases, energy production decreases
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What type of energy does the EU need? Fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) account for almost 80% of the EU’s energy needs
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Important suppliers: Russia, Norway, Algeria, Qatar, Libya (These countries together supply about 70 % of oil and gas imports)
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How to reduce the risk caused by dependence on energy imports?• Saving energy• Increasing production/generation of energy• Diversifying supplier base
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Potential for energy saving especially in the area of transportation
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Increasing production/generation of energy? Not much potential for more fossille fuelsShale gas (hydrauylic fracturing)? Renewable energy?
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The EU’s 20-20-20 goals (“Copenhagen Accord” 2009): • 20% increase in energy efficiency• 20% reduction of CO2 emissions• and 20% renewables by 2020 ( + to increaese the share of biofuels by 10 %)
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Alternative nuclear energy?…is only used by some member states
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143 nuclear power plants in EU Increasing public concern after Fukushima (March 2011)Italy: Voters rejected a referendum proposal to restart the country's nuclear energy program in June 2011.Germany: phasing-out nuclear power until 2022 – to be replaced by gas power plants
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Diversifying supplier base:
The EU has signed contracts with countries such as: Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Nigeria, Trinidad & Tobago, Australia
Russia still plays the central role
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Planned “southern corridor” to limit dependence from Russia. Pipeline should bypass Ukraine and Belarus and connect EU directly with the countries of the Caspian Sea region.
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Nabucco Pipeline: should transport gas from Turkmenistan and Azerbaidjan via Turkey to Austria. Delays - start of construction scheduled for 2013.
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Russian “South Stream” project: Gas pipeline via Black Sea to Bulgaria, then split to • Greece• Romania, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia and AustriaThe project is seen as a political project / rival to the planned Nabucco pipeline (and to expand Russian presence in the region). Completion is due by 2015.
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Inaugurated on 8 November 2011
Nord Stream: offshore natural gas pipeline from Vyborg in Russia to Greifswald in Germany