THE ENGLISH PRE-REFORMATION

THE ENGLISH PRE-REFORMATION

• DURING THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY AND GREAT SCHISM, ENGLAND HAD CUT HER PAPAL TAXES TO ONLY 24% OF PREVIOUS AMOUNTS.

• EVEN ENGLISH CLERGY HAD DEFENDED THE RIGHTS OF ROYALTY AGAINST THE POPE. (WILLIAM OF OCKHAM).

• DURING THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY AND GREAT SCHISM, ENGLAND HAD CUT HER PAPAL TAXES TO ONLY 24% OF PREVIOUS AMOUNTS.

• EVEN ENGLISH CLERGY HAD DEFENDED THE RIGHTS OF ROYALTY AGAINST THE POPE. (WILLIAM OF OCKHAM).

King Henry VIIKing Henry VII

PRE-REFORMERSPRE-REFORMERS

• PEOPLE SUCH AS WYCLIFFE (LOLLARDS) PAVED THE WAY FOR THE ENGLISH REFORMATION.

• BUT LUTHERAN WORKS WERE SMUGGLED INTO ENGLAND, THE KING STOOD FIRM AGAINST A BREAK WITH THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

• PEOPLE SUCH AS WYCLIFFE (LOLLARDS) PAVED THE WAY FOR THE ENGLISH REFORMATION.

• BUT LUTHERAN WORKS WERE SMUGGLED INTO ENGLAND, THE KING STOOD FIRM AGAINST A BREAK WITH THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

Margaret Tudor [to Margaret Tudor [to Scotland], Henry Scotland], Henry VIII’s SisterVIII’s Sister

Arthur, Arthur, Prince of Prince of

WalesWales[1500][1500]

Young Young Henry Henry

VIIIVIII

Young Catherine Young Catherine of Aragonof Aragon

Henry VIII [r. Henry VIII [r. 1509-1547]1509-1547]

Mary I [28 years Mary I [28 years old]old]

Henry VIII’s Henry VIII’s CHildrenCHildren1510 Daughter - died1510 Daughter - died

1511 Son - died1511 Son - died1513 Son - died1513 Son - died1514 Son - died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - 1516 Mary - survivedsurvived1518 Daughter - died1518 Daughter - died1533 Elizabeth - 1533 Elizabeth - survivedsurvived1534 Son - died1534 Son - died1535 unknown - died1535 unknown - died1536 Son - died1536 Son - died1537 Edward1537 Edward - - survivedsurvived

Henry Fitzroy, Duke Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond:of Richmond:Illegitimate Son of Illegitimate Son of Henry VIIIHenry VIII

#1--Catherine of Aragon #1--Catherine of Aragon [1485-1536][1485-1536]

THE KING’S DIVORCETHE KING’S DIVORCE

• HENRY DECIDED HE WANTED TO DIVORCE CATHERINE AND MARRY ANNE.

• IN 1529, HE SENT CARDINAL WOLSEY TO THE POPE TO GET HIS MARRIAGE TO CATHERINE ANNULED.

• WOLSEY WAS UNSUCCESSFUL AND WAS FIRED.

• HENRY DECIDED HE WANTED TO DIVORCE CATHERINE AND MARRY ANNE.

• IN 1529, HE SENT CARDINAL WOLSEY TO THE POPE TO GET HIS MARRIAGE TO CATHERINE ANNULED.

• WOLSEY WAS UNSUCCESSFUL AND WAS FIRED.

Archbishop Archbishop Thomas CranmerThomas Cranmer

Ruled in 1533 that the king’s marriage Catherine was null and void.

Validated H8’s marriage to Anne

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

THE REFORMATION PARLIAMENT

THE REFORMATION PARLIAMENT

• 1531: HENRY STARTS HIS OWN CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND ENGLISH CLERGY SUPPORT HIM.

• 1533: PARLIAMENT GRANTS THE KING’S DIVORCE.

• 1531: HENRY STARTS HIS OWN CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND ENGLISH CLERGY SUPPORT HIM.

• 1533: PARLIAMENT GRANTS THE KING’S DIVORCE.

SUCCESSIONSUCCESSION

• 1534: ELIZABETH IS BORN TO HENRY AND ANNE.

• 1534: PARLIAMENT GRANTS THE ACT OF SUCCESSION--ALL OF ANNE’S CHILDREN WILL COME 1ST IN SUCCESSION.

• 1534: ELIZABETH IS BORN TO HENRY AND ANNE.

• 1534: PARLIAMENT GRANTS THE ACT OF SUCCESSION--ALL OF ANNE’S CHILDREN WILL COME 1ST IN SUCCESSION.

#2--Anne Boleyn #2--Anne Boleyn [1501-1536][1501-1536]

THE NEW CHURCHTHE NEW CHURCH

• 1534: PARLIAMENT PASSES THE ACT OF SUPREMACY--HENRY IS THE SUPREME RULER OF THE CHURCH.

• 1536: ACT OF DISSOLUTION ( OF THE MONESTARIES) -confiscated by king- solved financial problems of H8. (Cromwell idea)

• 1534: PARLIAMENT PASSES THE ACT OF SUPREMACY--HENRY IS THE SUPREME RULER OF THE CHURCH.

• 1536: ACT OF DISSOLUTION ( OF THE MONESTARIES) -confiscated by king- solved financial problems of H8. (Cromwell idea)

Sir Thomas More,Sir Thomas More,Lord Chancellor Lord Chancellor of Englandof England

Act of Succession- treason

punishable by death to deny the king was the supreme head of the church.

Beheaded 1535

Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I [1546][1546]

HENRY’S WIVESHENRY’S WIVES

• 1536: ANNE BOLEYN EXECUTED FOR ADULTERY. ELIZ. DECLARED ILLEGITIMATE.

• 1536: H. MARRIES JANE SEYMOUR--SHE BEARS EDWARD VI IN 1537.

• 1537: JANE DIES AFTER CHILDBIRTH.

• 1536: ANNE BOLEYN EXECUTED FOR ADULTERY. ELIZ. DECLARED ILLEGITIMATE.

• 1536: H. MARRIES JANE SEYMOUR--SHE BEARS EDWARD VI IN 1537.

• 1537: JANE DIES AFTER CHILDBIRTH.

Tower of LondonTower of Londonfrom the Airfrom the Air

Tower of Tower of London:London:

Traitor’s GateTraitor’s Gate

Tower GreenTower Green[Where Anne Boleyn [Where Anne Boleyn

was Executed]was Executed]

#3--Jane Seymour #3--Jane Seymour [1508-1537][1508-1537]

““Baby” Edward VIBaby” Edward VI

Henry Henry VIII’s VIII’s

FamilyFamily

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

#4--Anne of Cleves #4--Anne of Cleves [1515-1557][1515-1557]

1537: HENRY MARRIES ANNE OF CLEVES SIGHT UNSEEN ON THE ADVICE OF THOMAS CROMWELL.1538: HENRY DIVORCES ANNE, SAYING SHE RESEMBLES A HORSE.

Thomas CromwellThomas Cromwell

Anne of Anne of ClevesCleves

Henry VIII at Henry VIII at Middle AgeMiddle Age

#5--Katherine Howard #5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542][1525-1542]

1541: HENRY MARRIES CATHERINE HOWARD.1542: CATHERINE IS EXECUTED FOR ADULTERY.

Hampton CourtHampton Court[Where Katherine [Where Katherine

Howard Was Arrested]Howard Was Arrested]

#6--Katherine Parr #6--Katherine Parr [1512-1548][1512-1548]

1542: HENRY

MARRIES CATHERINE

PARR. SHE OUTLIVES

HIM.

Edward VI [r. 1547-Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]1553]•EDWARD succeeds his

father at age 10Council of regents- Thomas Cromwell and Cramner ADOPT PROTESTANT DOCTRINE FOR THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.Priests marryNo imagesBook of Common PrayerProt liturgy

Lady Jane Lady Jane GreyGrey

““Ruled” Ruled” England England

from from July 10–19, July 10–19,

15531553

Queen Mary I or Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary”“Bloody Mary”[r. 1553 – 1558][r. 1553 – 1558]

• “BLOODY” MARY I (TUDOR) RETURNS ENGLAND TO CATHOLICISM. “THE ENGLISH INQUISITION.”

• RELIGIOUS WAR IN ENGLAND• 1554: MARY MARRIES PRINCE PHILIP

II OF SPAIN.• MARY BURNED 282 “HERETICS” AT

THE STAKE AND EXILED MANY MORE, INCLUDING JOHN KNOX.

• “BLOODY” MARY I (TUDOR) RETURNS ENGLAND TO CATHOLICISM. “THE ENGLISH INQUISITION.”

• RELIGIOUS WAR IN ENGLAND• 1554: MARY MARRIES PRINCE PHILIP

II OF SPAIN.• MARY BURNED 282 “HERETICS” AT

THE STAKE AND EXILED MANY MORE, INCLUDING JOHN KNOX.

Philip II & Mary Philip II & Mary TudorTudor

Sir Francis Sir Francis WalshinghamWalshingham

•Trusted advisor

•Espianage, foreign affairs,

• Spoke his mind ot Elizabeth

Elizabeth Elizabeth I,I,

QueenQueenat last! at last!

r. 1558 - r. 1558 - 1603 1603

ELIZABETH IELIZABETH I• 1558: ELIZABETH I BECOMES THE NEW QUEEN.

• SHE IS A “POLITIQUE” WHO SUBORDINATES RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS FOR POLITICAL UNITY.

• ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT

• CHURCHES RETAINED LARGELY CATHOLIC APPEARANCES (ART, STATUES OF SAINTS, SONGS, ETC.)

• ACTUAL DOCTRINE OF CHURCHES FOLLOWED A CALVINIST MODEL WITH NO RECOGNITION OF THE POPE OR CATHOLIC CHURCH COUNCILS.

• 1558: ELIZABETH I BECOMES THE NEW QUEEN.

• SHE IS A “POLITIQUE” WHO SUBORDINATES RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS FOR POLITICAL UNITY.

• ELIZABETHAN SETTLEMENT

• CHURCHES RETAINED LARGELY CATHOLIC APPEARANCES (ART, STATUES OF SAINTS, SONGS, ETC.)

• ACTUAL DOCTRINE OF CHURCHES FOLLOWED A CALVINIST MODEL WITH NO RECOGNITION OF THE POPE OR CATHOLIC CHURCH COUNCILS.

Sir William CecilSir William Cecil

SETTLEMENT (CONT’)SETTLEMENT (CONT’)• THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

WAS REAFFIRMED AS THE RELIGIOUS LEADER OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, BUT THE MONARCH STILL HAD ULTIMATE CONTROL IN RELGIOUS DECISIONS.

• REACTIONS• MOST BRITISH PEOPLE ACCEPTED

THE COMPROMISE AND TURNED THEIR ATTENTION TO TRADE, SKILLED PRODUCTION, AND THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE.

• THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY WAS REAFFIRMED AS THE RELIGIOUS LEADER OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, BUT THE MONARCH STILL HAD ULTIMATE CONTROL IN RELGIOUS DECISIONS.

• REACTIONS• MOST BRITISH PEOPLE ACCEPTED

THE COMPROMISE AND TURNED THEIR ATTENTION TO TRADE, SKILLED PRODUCTION, AND THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE.

Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I [1533-1603][1533-1603]

Time Frame CheckTime Frame Check

• 1572 Bartholomew’s Day Massacre• 1581 Union of Utrecht• 1586 Mary Queen of Scots Eliz 1 heir *****Catholic******

• 1572 Bartholomew’s Day Massacre• 1581 Union of Utrecht• 1586 Mary Queen of Scots Eliz 1 heir *****Catholic******

REACTIONSREACTIONS

• EXTREMIST PURITANS AND CATHOLICS UNHAPPY WITH THE COMPROMISE PROTESTED. MANY WERE JAILED.

• EXTREMIST PURITANS AND CATHOLICS UNHAPPY WITH THE COMPROMISE PROTESTED. MANY WERE JAILED.

Sir Robert DudleySir Robert Dudley

LOVE??

Miniature of Sir Miniature of Sir Robert DudleyRobert Dudley

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1580][1580]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1592][1592]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1592][1592]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1600][1600]

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1603][1603]

Map of the Spanish Map of the Spanish Armada RouteArmada Route

Mary of Mary of GuiseGuise

James V of James V of ScotlandScotland

Mary of Scotland’s Mary of Scotland’s ParentsParents

Young Mary StuartYoung Mary Stuart

Mary Stuart in Mary Stuart in CaptivityCaptivity

Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of ScotsScots

[Before Her [Before Her Execution]Execution]

Execution of Mary of Execution of Mary of ScotlandScotland

Miniature of James I Miniature of James I / VI/ VI

James I [r. 1603 - James I [r. 1603 - 1625]1625]