The Energy Transformation

Monica Saraiva Panik

Hydrogen Specialist

Director Brazilian Hydrogen

Association

Mentor SAE Brasil

Curator BW Expo Summit Digital

[email protected]

The Energy Transformation

• In order to achieve the Paris agreement (to limit global warming to two degrees Celsius), the world will need to decarbonize a great part of its energy system.

• A significant quantity of renewable energy systems must be installed and integrated and sectors which demand energy, such as transportation and industry, must be decarbonized in large scale.

Slide: Dr. Sunita Satyapal, DOE/EUA 2018


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Image: World Energy Council - Germany

Hydrogen and theGlobal Wave toward decarbonization


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10 million metric tons prioduced annually 1000 stationary fuel cell power generators1.600 miles of H2 pipeline Biggest salt cavern of the world storing 1 GW/h H28.800 vehicles45 hydrogen stations35.000 forklifts

Japão

Global Leaders

Alemanha

USA350.000 residential generators4.000 vehicles117 hydrogen stationsH2 HUB in Yamanashi 10MW electrolysis and 20MW SolarLiquid H2 storage tank H2L 2,500 m3 in KOBEFirst Green Hydrogen Import/Export route among Japan /Australia

3 Green Hydrogen HUBs in Gronningen, Delfzijl and Emmen, Production, Vehicles, H2 Tankstation, E-Kerosene, maritim vessels, heat generationand salt cavern storage

Países Baixos

500 vehicles, 92 H2 tank stations, first Green Hydrogen Auction forImport projects in all sectors: trains, martime, aviation, steel, forklifts, stationary power.


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Hydrogen Scaling-upIn this report, the Hydrogen Council presents

the first comprehensive vision of the long-term potential of hydrogen and a roadmap

for deployment

http://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hydrogen-scaling-up-Hydrogen-Council.pdf

http://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hydrogen-scaling-up-Hydrogen-Council.pdf


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Hydrogen can play 7 roles in the energy transformation and opens a broader spectrum of business opportunities


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• The industrial sector represents 1/3 of the total energy consumption and 1/4 of the total CO2 emission.

• Aluminum, chemical, petrochemical-refinery, cement, iron, steel and paper industries require a large amount of energy to operate equipment such as boilers, generators and furnaces.

• Hydrogen can be produced in the industrial plant itself from renewable sources and used in production processes to reduce CO2 on a large scale.

Image and source: Hydrogen Council

How Green Hydrogen candecarbonize the industrial sector


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• Green Hydrogen as a reducing agent, removingoxygen from iron.

• To replace coal• For clean energy generation

Green Steel Approx. 7% ofglobal CO2 emissions arerelated to the steelindustry.

• Green Hydrogen can be produced andused to produce green ammonia in regions where fertilizers aremanufactured and consumed.

Green Ammonia In Brazil for example 80% of the ammonia for fertilizers production are imported.

• H2 as a partial substitute for naturalgas in the furnace combustionsystem.

• Green hydrogen and CO2 capture toproduce synthetic fuels, plastics orother chemicals.

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Green Cement Cement: one of the most polutent industries.

7• Quiet operation and without emission of

pollutants inside warehouses. • More than 35,000 forklifts in operation in the

USA and more than 20 million supplies at companies such as Amazon, Wall Market.

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Zero Emission Forklifts

https://www.globalcement.com/news/item/11061-green-hydrogen-for-grey-cement


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H2 Mixture Natural Gas Pipelines

• The focus of using Green Hydrogen in mining worldwide is on reducing costs in relation to diesel consumption andtransportation, which can be considerable in remote locations.

• A mining vehicle has an average of 800 to 1000 kW of power.

Mining Saving in fuel consumption and diesel transport to isolated regions

Zero Emission Transport

The transport sector isresponsible for morethan 25% of all CO2 emitted globally .

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• The Larger the Vehicle Size, the Greater theAdvantage for Vehicles Powered by Fuel Cell in: Autonomy (same as a conventional vehicle), Fueling time (3 to 5 minutes) and Cost.

• Up to 20% Hydrogen can be mixed in the natural gas pipelines depending on the end use of the gas.

• In the United States, there are already more than 1,600 miles of H2 pipelines.

Descarbonizing the natural gas pipelines or 100% H2 pipeline


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[email protected]: U.S. Department of Energy -Energy Efficiency

Battery (auxiliary): provides electricity to start the vehicle before the traction batteryis activated and also powers some auxiliary systems. Battery (traction): stores the energy generated by regenerative braking and providesadditional energy for the electric traction motor. DC / DC converter: converts high voltage DC energy to low voltage DC, necessary toactivate the vehicle's auxiliary systems and recharge the auxiliary battery. Electric traction motor: using the energy from the fuel cell and the traction battery, this motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Electronic power controller: manages the flow of electrical energy supplied by the fuelcell and the traction battery, controlling the speed and torque of the electric tractionmotor. Transmission (electric): transfers the mechanical power from the electric tractionmotor to the drive of the wheels. Thermal system (cooling): maintains an adequate operating temperature range of thefuel cell, electric motor, power electronics and other components. Fuel cell stack: a set of individual membrane electrodes that use hydrogen and oxygento produce electricity, water and heat. Filling nozzle: a nozzle from a high pressure distributor connects to the receptacle on the vehicle to fill the tank. Hydrogen tank: stores hydrogen on board the vehicle.

Main components of a fuel cell vehicle Main components of a battery vehicle

Battery (auxiliary): provides electricity to power the vehicle's auxiliary systems. Traction battery: stores electricity for the electric traction motor. DC / DC converter: converts high voltage DC energy to low voltage DC, necessaryto activate the vehicle's auxiliary systems and recharge the auxiliary battery. Electric traction motor: using the energy of the traction battery, this motor drivesthe wheels of the vehicle.Power electronics controller: manages the flow of electrical energy provided bythe traction battery, controlling the speed and torque of the electric motor. Transmission (electric): transfers mechanical power from the electric tractionmotor to the drive of the wheels. Thermal system (cooling): maintains a suitable operating temperature range forthe motor, electric motor, power electronics and other components. On-board charger: Takes incoming AC electricity and converts it to DC power tocharge the traction battery. It monitors battery characteristics, such as voltage, current, temperature and state of charge. Charge point: allows the vehicle to connect to an external power source to chargethe traction battery.

Big Component’ Sinergy among Battery vehicles and fuel cell vehicles


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• Hydrogen enables large-scale renewable integration through cost-effective long-term

storage.

• It allows distribution of energy across sectors and regions.

• It acts as buffer to increase system resilience.

• It provides clean dispatchable power generation in peaker plants.

• Hydrogen is exceptionally well suited to store large quantities of energy for long durations.

Hydrogen as a buffer for renewableenergy systems

Source: Hydrogen Council

Image: Itaipu, Brazil


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Electric Sector & Gas Sector:„Power to X“:

Power to Hydrogen, Power to Fuel, Power to Power, Power to Gas, Power to Mobility

The production of Green H2 is creating new business opportunites for the electric and gas sector:Production of fuels and gases which used to be released in the atmosphere

Fonte: Turbo Machinery International Staff & Contributors July 20, 2020


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What‘s a Hydrogen Valley or a Hydrogen HUB?

Image: Gasunie

"Hydrogen Valley„ combines the production of Green Hydrogen (from renewable energy sources) and its use in several sectors of the

economy such as: transport and industry (Sector Coupling)


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Slide: Bart Biebuyck, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking – F-Cell 2019

Slides: Gasunie –F-Cell 2019

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L27dkYyg04g

In Europe – Hydrogen Valley EU Call 2019The winner is „HEAVENN“ from the Netherlands

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L27dkYyg04g


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“Yamanashi Fuel Cell Valley”

• 1,300 fuel cell vehicles

• 10 fuel cell buses• +2 H2 refueling

stations • 34.000 residential

power generators (in 2030)

Hydrogen Society in Japan

Optimizing the potential ofYamanashi's solar park -Demonstration of the largestPower to Gas plant in the worldwith alkaline electrolyzer and 20 MW Solar


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Porto de Sines in Portugal

2 Green Hydrogen HUBs in Portugal

Portugal plans to develop at least two Green Hydrogen Hubs in the coming years, that is, twoindustrial clusters for the production, distribution, export and use of green hydrogen, one located in thePort of Sines (already with six identified projects) andthe other in the north of the country.


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• MOU Fortescue Future Industries Pty Ltd (FFI) e a Porto do Açu Operações SA (Porto do Açu).

• 300 MW para 250 mil toneladas de amônia verde por ano.

• energia solar e eólica offshore na costa dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo.

Green Hydrogen HUB Porto do Açu - Brazil

Ambition:

• Eletrolysis capacity: 5 GW

• H2 Production: 900.000 tons/year

• Area: 200 ha

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• Announced partners: ENEGIX Energy and LINDE/White Martins

• Solar and Wind power Pecém Port – Ceará.


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The Ceará Fortune

Great Renewable Energy Potential and low electricity Costs

Daily complementarity Solar + Wind = 50%/50%

Perfect Condition for Electrolysers

Industrial Complex Pecém with potential Green H2 consumers

Strategic Partnership with the Port of Rotterdam

Privileged LocationLow Logistic costs

Tax Incentives ZPE


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At the Port of Rotterdam, a system will be implementedthat combines the production and consumption ofgreen H2 mainly by industry, but a pipelineinfrastructure will also be built to distribute H2 to otherEuropean countries. The pipeline will go to Belgium andGermany and will be operating by 2023.

Main activities until 2023: H2 pipelinesH2 production park H2 import terminal 150 to 250 MW electrolyzers installed by Shell Transport: 500 H2 trucks by 2025

Port of Rotterdam: The biggest Hydrogen HUB in Europe


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Dessalinização - Imagem: Site CicloVivo

Gasificação de ResíduosImagem: Air Products

Eletrólise - Imagem: ThyssenKruppEólica on-shore e off-shore e Solar - Imagens Site Latam Energy e Base Energia

Armazenamento e Distribuição Imagem: Hytron/NEA Group

Reforma de etanol e biogásImagem: Hytron/NEA Group

H2 OFF-TAKERSH2 TRANSPORT

IMPORT&EXPORTH2 SORAGE AND

DISTRIBUTIONGREEN H2

PRODUCTIONRENEWABLEENERGY

Tancagem e Transporte Imagem: Kawasaki

The Green Hydrogen Value Chain

Ammonia plant ThyssenKrupp


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H2 Latin America & Caribbean Region Potential to become a Green Hydrogen Global Supplier:

- Great Renewable Energy Potential

- Privileged Location / Low Logistic costs to European and Asian markets

- Local Green H2 off-takers for decarbonizing industry and transport sectors

- Latin America & Caribbean countries with existing H2 projects:

- Argentina

- Brazil

- Chile

- Colômbia

- Costa Rica

- México

- Paraguay

- Peru

- Uruguay


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Green H2 and H2 Circular Economy

Image: Itaipu, Brazil

Green Hydrogen: wind, solar, hydropower

Hydrogen promoting a circular economy and the use of waste: biomass, plastic, solid waste, organic waste, sewage, biogás, bio-ethanol


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H2 Across Borders

The growing international development of hydrogen infrastructure, trade, and technology is creating unique partnerships across nations and continents.

https://sponsored.bloomberg.com/immersive/hyundai/explore-the-global-hydrogen-economy-today

Global hydrogen demand will grow from 71 Mt to 88 Mt between 2019 and 2030 and will double to 137 Mt by 2040.


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[email protected]/06/2021 23

Germany leading the Global H2 Trade

• H2 demand in Germany will rise to 3.3 Mt Green H2 by 2030.

• German National H2 strategy focuses on establishing import routes sinceonly a small proportion will be produced locally (11%).

• NWS targets the following strategic sectors: hydrogen production; industry; transport; heat generation; research, education and innovation.

• Germany will seek to partner with other countries to systematically open new green hydrogen production chains, through planning for futuresuppliers, offtakers and national / international investors, creating job-creating effects in Germany and in partner countries and generating long-term growth for all.

• H2Global is an auction concept to promote and effectively increase themarket for green hydrogen (H2) and PtX products, funded by the Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy (BMWi) and developed by an interdisciplinary team of experts led by the German Society forInternational Cooperation (GIZ) GmbH in cooperation with the German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (DWV).

• The concept provides for the temporary compensation of the differencebetween the purchase price of green hydrogen and its derivatives (production plus transport costs) and the sale price (corresponding tothe current market price for gray hydrogen) for a limited time.

• The indirect subsidy of the price of green hydrogen aims to stimulatelong-term market demand in Germany, and to encourage private investments in production, transport and infrastructure at national andinternational level.

• The concept particularly addresses the acceleration of the importprocess to meet the demand for hydrogen and PtX products from Germany.

Source: https://h2-global.de/


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Bloomberg NEF’s report “Hydrogen Economy Outlook” suggest that green hydrogen could be produced for $0.8 to $1.6/kg in most parts of the world before 2050.

https://data.bloomberglp.com/professional/sites/24/BNEF-Hydrogen-Economy-Outlook-Key-Messages-30-Mar-2020.pdf

The cost of Green Hydrogen

• Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH2) made from renewable energy is set to fall faster than it previously estimated.

• BNEF forecasts that green hydrogen from renewables should be cheaper than natural gas (on an energy-equivalent basis) by 2050 in 15 of the 28 markets modeled, assuming scale-up continues.

• These countries accounted for one-third of global GDP in 2019.

• According to the BNEF forecast, the costs of producing green hydrogen from renewable energy should fall by up to 85% from today to 2050, leading to costs below $1/kg ($7.4/MMBtu) by 2050 in most modeled markets.

• BNEF expects the average levelized cost of solar PV to be 40% lower by 2050 than it did two years ago, driven by more automatic manufacturing, less silicon and silver consumption, higher photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells, and greater yields using bifacial panels.

• The cost of electricity will account for the majority of the cost of producing renewable H2 by 2030, with electrolyzer-related costs accounting for the rest.


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Competition among Global H2 Exporters

Governmental policies can make a difference to leverage the Hydrogen EconomyInvestors should watch out for the following key events:1) Net-zero climate targets are legislated;2) Standards for hydrogen use are harmonized and

regulatory barriers removed;3) Targets with investment mechanisms are

introduced;4) Transport and Industrial decarbonization policies are

introduced including stringent heavy transport emission standards;

5) Mandates and markets for low-emission products are formed.

https://data.bloomberglp.com/professional/sites/24/BNEF-Hydrogen-Economy-Outlook-Key-Messages-30-Mar-2020.pdf


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• Hydrogen could account for almost one fifth of total final energy consumed by 2050.

• This would reduce annual CO2 emissions by roughly 6 Gt compared to today’s technologies, and contribute roughly 20% of the additional abatement required to limit global warming to two degrees Celsius.

• It would also eliminate local emissions such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulates linked to smog formation, and reduce noise pollution in cities.

• The transportation sector would consume 20 million fewer barrels of oil per day, and domesticenergy security would rise significantly.

• Alongside its environmental benefits, the hydrogen economy could create opportunities forsustainable economic growth.

• We envision a market for hydrogen and hydrogen technologies with revenues of more than $2.5 trillion per year, and jobs for more than 30 million people globally.

Vision of the Hydrogen Council for 2050

Image and source: Hydrogen Council

The Energy Transformation

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