The Decline of Papal Prestige 1215-1550. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Dominant figure in English...
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The Decline of Papal Prestige
1215-1550
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John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
• Dominant figure in English politics of the 1370s
• Embroiled in struggle with the Church and merchant elite over prosecution of the war with France
• Progenitor of the house of Lancaster
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Discuss the
Wife of Bath
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"Experience, though noon auctoriteeWere in this world, were right ynogh to meTo speke of wo that is in mariage;For, lordynges, sith I twelf yeer was of age,Thonked be God, that is eterne on lyve,Housbondes at chirche dore I have had fyve
-For I so ofte have ywedded bee -And alle were worthy men in hir degree.But me was toold, certeyn, nat longe agoon
is,
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That sith that Crist ne wente nevere but onis
To weddyng in the Cane of Galilee,That by the same ensample, taughte he
me,That I ne sholde wedded be but ones.Herkne eek, lo, which a sharpe word for
the nones,Biside a welle Jhesus, God and Man,Spak in repreeve of the Samaritan
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Thou hast yhad fyve housbondes, -- quod he, -- And that ilke man that now hath thee Is noght thyn housbonde, -- thus seyde he certeyn. What that he mente therby, I kan nat seyn; But that I axe, why that the fifthe man Was noon housbonde to the samaritan? How manye myghte she have in mariage? Yet herde I nevere tellen in myn age
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Upon this nombre diffinicioun. Men may devyne and glosen, up and doun, But wel I woot, expres, withoute lye, God bad us for to wexe and multiplye; That gentil text kan I wel understonde.
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According to the Wife of Bath’s Tale,What do women really want?
A. A submissive husbandB. Sovereignty in marriageC. A wealthy husbandD. No husbandE. A coequal partner in marriage
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The Clerk’s Tale about Griselda is…
A. A sort of sick and twisted story about a prince who tests his wife’s obedience
B. A cheerful story about a woman who talks to animals
C. A crude and nasty story about a woman caught in a bar room brawl
D. A very short tale involving a Roman noblewoman, Virginia
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Griselda
The Medieval Male’s Image
of the Virtuous Wife?
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To what degree was Chaucer a feminist?
How did he characterize the Wife of Bath?
Why did Walter’s people ask him to marry in the Clerk’s Tale?
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The Wedding Feast
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Did Women Have a Renaissance?
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• Women used distaffs (often much larger than the ones pictured at left) to create thread from wool
• Bridegooms often gave a distaff as a symbolic present to their wife around the time of marriage
• The distaff was a symbol for women throughout Europe
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Legal Status of Medieval Women
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Christine de Pizan
1363-1434
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The Maid of Orleans
1412-1431
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Margaret of Anjou
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Mary Guise1515-60
• Relied on French support to remain in power
• Sought to unite France and Scotland
• Incited by John Knox, Protestants rebelled in 1559
• Protestants with aid from Elizabeth proved stronger and concluded the Treaty of Edinburgh which established Protestantism in Scotland
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Mary Stuart• Daughter of James V and
mother of James VI, she was crowned at nine months old
• Cousin to Elizabeth and Mary Tudor
• Her mother was Mary Tudor, sister to Henry VIII
• Remained ardent Catholic throughout her life
• Was the apparent heir to Elizabeth from 1558-1587
• Spent most of her adult life in confinement either in Scotland or England
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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, 1542-1587
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Mary Tudor, aka Bloody Mary, 1516-58
• During her early years she was used as bait in alliances a concept that Elizabeth seems to have appreciated
• Became princess of Wales in 1525
• Became Queen in 1553 and married Philip II in 1554
• Her marriage was the basis for her loss of popular support
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Elizabeth c. 1546
• Object of the affections of her stepfather, Thomas Seymour
• Young Elizabeth was extremely quick learner and exceptionally serious at a young age
• She became an exceptional shrewd judge of people and situations
• Tutored by the renowned humanist, Roger Ascham: “no womanly weakness”
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Elizabeth 1559
• Was 25 at her coronation
• Expectation for a short reign were rampant– Protestant Queen
of a mostly Catholic country
– “An ill advised woman”
– England’s recent losses on the Continent
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Elizabeth
• Suffered from severe small pox in 1562
• Declared a heretic by the pope in 1570 (Bull of Regnans in Excelsis)
• Object of several assassination plots
• Relied heavily on informants and spies of Francis Walsingham
• Master of spectacle and display in the Renaissance tradition, her coronation alone cost £16,000
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1588Gloriana