The Danger of a Single Story• Chimamanda Adhichie• https

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Ihs241zeg

Author of • Half of a Yellow Sun• Purple Hibiscus• Americanah• The Thing Around Your

Neck

Vital Statistics

• 30 million kilometers – – 2nd largest continent in the

world– 20.4% of the total land area of

the world• 1 billion people

– 2nd most populated• 54 countries• Formerly known as Ifriqiya• Largest country – Algeria• Highest point: Mt. Kilimanjaro –

19,341 feet• Lowest point: Lake Assai in

Djibouti, 509 feet

Climate and landscape

• 15% of it is considered desert (hot with little rain)

• 10% of it is considered tropical rainforest (tropical wet)

• 35% of it is considered savanna/grasslands (steppe)

• The rest of Africa includes Mediterranean climate, mountain climate, tropical wet and dry, rainy and mild, and wet and mild.

Majority Muslim nations

Which country in Africa has the largest Muslim population?

Lalibella,Ethiopia

TAKE OUT YOUR JOURNALSWRITE ABOUT THIS:

“The early bird catches the worm.”What does this mean?

What is a proverb?

• Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

• Give someone an inch, they will take a mile.

• All’s fair in love and war.• A watched pot never boils.• Beggars can’t be choosers.

Proverbs of the Mongo people, of the inner Congo Basin

• The older one is, the greater the respect.

• The forest is a relic of the ancestors; it stays with the family.

• The health of a banana is foud in its leaves as that of the family is in its members.

• It is the young who want war and the old who yearn for peace.

• A rich man gains from his generosity.

• Help received today is returned tomorrow.

• The young cannot teach tradition to the old.

• The fish does not reject its water; man must follow the family.

• Firewood burns as long as it not wet; a good man triumphs only when he is just.

• All are equal in the eyes of the ancestors.

Jupiter Bokondji• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

I_Ctlwz5Zbo • I wanted to convince people from

Kinshasha that we have an extremely rich culture. We have nothing to do with gold, diamonds and all that stuff that multinationals are suffocating us with. I’m talking about riches that no one can take from us, in other words, our cultural riches, which are so immense, and with which we can develop our country properly.

• Jupiter and Okwess International

Mansa Musa, 14th century King of Mali

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-12675464

Cairo to Capetown

• The Distance from Cairo to Capetown on this map is approximately 4, 495 miles.

• Estimate where you would end up if you travelled South from Seattle for 4,495 miles.

• Write down your guess. • Estimate where you would end up if you

travelled East from Seattle for 4, 495 miles.• Write down your guess.

To exploit

To make use of something or someone

Why did Europeans go to Africa?

• Why did Europe take an increasing interest in Africa?

• How did Europeans justify their imperial aggression?

• How did they manage their colonial power and why?

• What idea is the policy of assimilation based on?

Imperialism

Imperialism: The policy by a stronger nation to attempt to create an empire by dominating weaker nations economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.

Empire

• A geographically extensive group of diverse states and peoples ruled by a central authority, either a monarch (king, queen, emperor, empress, or an oligarchy)

• Examples: Aztec Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire, Roman Empire, Egyptian empire, British Empire

A coaling station for steamships, Cape Town, South Africa

How Did Imperialism Begin?

The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid-18th century

• Britain’s advantages

• The spread of industrialization

Economic Motives

Industrialized nations sought:

• Raw materials• Natural resources• A cheap labor

supply• New marketplaces

for manufactured goods

Technological Advances

• The steam engine• Better transportation• Increased exploration• Improvements in communication

The steamboat Herald (with mounted machine guns) on the Zambezi river in Africa

One of the first steam engines

British troops fighting forces in Benin in 1897

The Maxim Gun

Whatever happens,We have gotThe Maxim gunAnd they have not.

Hilaire Belloc, 1898

Exploration

• David Livingstone• Mapping the “Dark

Continent”

David Livingstone

Henry Stanley

Henry Morton Stanley in 1869

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Nationalism• 19th-century political

changes

• Allegiance to one’s country rather than to a monarch

• Role of the “common people”

• Unification movements

• Militarism Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi (on horseback) leading an attack in Palermo, Sicily

Other strong nations emerged in the mid-1800s as the result of political and economic changes in Europe and beyond.

German Unification

To colonize

To exploit or make use of another person or people

The Scramble for Africa Begins

King Leopold II of Belgium

Steamboat Stanley on the Congo River

King Leopold: The International African Association

900,000 miles of territory in The CongoBy 1882

“Entrepreneur” “Business magnate”Colonialism for personal profit

• Forced labor using “Force Publique”• Tortured, mutilated and killed tens of

millions of men, women, and children.• Made millions in personal profit from

sales of rubber and ivory• Critics now refer to it as “Red Rubber”

The Berlin Conference

Established a set of agreed-upon rules regarding the competition among the great powers for colonies in Africa

No Africans invited

YINKA SHONIBARE, Nigerian Artist

“The conquest of the earth, which mostly means taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter notes than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it.”Joseph Conrad1857-1924

Al-Jazeera Presents Africa States of Independence: The Scramble for Africa

• Professor Lansine Kaba, born and educated in Guinea and then Senegal

• Biyi Bandele, Nigerian-born novelist and playwright

• Jonathan Lawley, Former District Administrator of Zambia/Northern Rhodesia

• Richard Dowden, Director of the Royal African Society

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgzSnZidGuU

• How did Europeans carry out their colonialist empire?

• How did colonial subjects respond?

• The answer to both of these questions is shaped by the social and cultural ideologies used to justify the colonial mission.

What is Ideology?

• A system of ideas, often a set of principles that form the basis of economic or political policy.

• Example: Socialist vs. Capitalist ideology• Often used to sell, support or justify• May be circulated invisibly through popular

culture

What is Social Darwinism?

• An application of Darwin’s theories of ‘natural selection’ and ‘survival of the fittest’ to society, popular in the 19th century.

• Core Belief: Societies evolve from lower (barbarians) to higher (civilized), and the most capable are the ones who survive; and it is wrong to interfere with this process.

• Real Darwinists want nothing to do with these beliefs.

Who is Rudyard Kipling?

“The White Man’s Burden”

• Read your stanza slowly and underline key words or phrases that stand out for you.

• Identify what metaphor or metaphors can be found.

• Translate the stanza into your own words.

• Prepare to share it with the class.

• Write down what, according to Kipling, is the White Man’s Burden???

• And what reward does Kipling seem to suggest the White Man may get for carrying this burden?

• According to Kipling, what is the impact of colonialism upon the people being colonized?

• In your opinion, how might colonized people be affected by this way of thinking? How might they resist it?

By Rudyard Kipling

The “White Man’s Burden” appeared in children’s books and even in advertisements of the time period.

The Black Man’s BurdenPile on the Black Man’s Burden. Tis nearest at your door;Why heed long bleeding Cuba,Or dark Hawaii’s shore?Hail ye your fearless armies,Which menace feeble folksWho fight with clubs and arrowsAnd brook your rifle’s smoke.

Pile on the Black Man’s BurdenHis wail with laughter drownYou’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem,And will take up the Brown,In vain ye seek to end it,With bullets, blood or deathBetter by far defend itWith honor’s holy breath.

H.T. Johnson, 1899.

What impact did the history of colonialism have on the people who were colonized?