The Constitution of United States of America Mr. Montoyas P.O.D Course October 28, 2013 Mr. Montoyas P.O.D Course October 28, 2013 Objectives Analyze the rights, protections, limits, and freedoms included within the United States constitution The Great Debate Constitution continued debate within the states over states rights, individual rights, and functional organization Divided United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists Constitution continued debate within the states over states rights, individual rights, and functional organization Divided United States into TWO political parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists Chronology 1774: First Continental Congress 1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress 1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent 1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted 1781: Articles of Confederation signed 1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war 1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention 1788: Constitution ratified 1774: First Continental Congress 1775: Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord, Second Continental Congress 1776: Declaration of Independence written and sent 1777: Third Continental Congress, Articles of Confederation drafted 1781: Articles of Confederation signed 1783: Treaty of Paris signed, ending war 1787: Committee to revise Articles of Confederation -->Constitutional Convention 1788: Constitution ratified The Birth of Political Parties: The Players Federalists Alexander Hamilton Beliefs in Government Rule by rich and well educated New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers Strong central government with a strong president Favored industry Wanted strong alliance with Britain Centralized banking and create debt spending Cynical Loose interpretation of the Constitution The North Federalists Alexander Hamilton Beliefs in Government Rule by rich and well educated New government should favor merchants, manufacturers, and lawyers Strong central government with a strong president Favored industry Wanted strong alliance with Britain Centralized banking and create debt spending Cynical Loose interpretation of the Constitution The North Anti-Federalists Thomas Jefferson Beliefs in Government Rule by everybody New government should favor farmers, artisans, and poor classes Weak central government, power given to the states to reflect individual interests Favored agriculture and farming Wanted strong alliance with France Low taxes, small tariffs Idealistic Strict interpretation of the Constitution The South Match the quote with the Party: Federalist or Anti-Fed? 1.The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves. ___________ 2.Rich should be in charge, because they cant be bribed. ____________ 3.Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. __________ 4.All societies need a governing class. _____ 5.All men are created equal. ___________ 1.The sheep are happier of themselves, than under the care of wolves. ___________ 2.Rich should be in charge, because they cant be bribed. ____________ 3.Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. __________ 4.All societies need a governing class. _____ 5.All men are created equal. ___________ Who are you? Consider the times and their separate beliefs: In a statement no less than 50 words explain what political party you support and why? Explain your answer. Consider the times and their separate beliefs: In a statement no less than 50 words explain what political party you support and why? Explain your answer. The Federalists or the Anti-Federalists? Political Vocabulary Ratify: To agree to, to formally approve, to sign Amend: To adjust, modify or change Veto: To refuse to sign Bill: Proposed law Suffrage: Right to vote Bicameral: Two house congress Impeachment: Charge to removal from office Cabinet: Advisors to the President Ratify: To agree to, to formally approve, to sign Amend: To adjust, modify or change Veto: To refuse to sign Bill: Proposed law Suffrage: Right to vote Bicameral: Two house congress Impeachment: Charge to removal from office Cabinet: Advisors to the President The American Constitution Constitution divided into three parts Preamble (introduction) Articles--rights of government (7 Articles) Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments) Constitution divided into three parts Preamble (introduction) Articles--rights of government (7 Articles) Amendments--rights of individual (27 Amendments) Government and Man Articles I-III Separates power into three branches of government Art. I-Legislative.; Art. II-Executive.; Art. III-Judicial. Articles IV-VII Power of Law Power of Constitution Articles I-III Separates power into three branches of government Art. I-Legislative.; Art. II-Executive.; Art. III-Judicial. Articles IV-VII Power of Law Power of Constitution Amendments I-X Bill of Rights Amendment XI-XII Organization of Government Amendment XIII-XV Civil Rights Amendments Slave Amendments Amendments XVI-XIX Progressive Amendments Amendments XX-XXI New Deal Amendments Amendments XXII-XXVII Great Society Amendments Title this next section: Separation of Power Create a new page and type out all of the following information in blue in a organized fashion Article I: The Legislature A.K.A. Congress, The Legislative Branch, The Lawmakers Bicameral: 2 house Upper House=Senate (2 per state, 100 total) 6 year term Led by Speaker of the House Lower House=House of Representatives (proportional to population, 435 total--NM has 3) 2 year term Led by Speaker of the House President of Congress=Vice President of the United States of America The U.S. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. Legislative Powers Make laws Collect taxes Borrow and coin money Establish immigration policy Declare war and raise armies Approves treaties Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc) ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause) Make laws Collect taxes Borrow and coin money Establish immigration policy Declare war and raise armies Approves treaties Control interstate activities (trade, marriage, etc) ****To do ANYTHING NECESSARY AND PROPER (The Elastic Clause) Congress works at the Capitol Building in Washington D.C. Why is the power to do anything necessary and proper called the Elastic Clause? What are the benefits and problems of this power? Why is the power to do anything necessary and proper called the Elastic Clause? What are the benefits and problems of this power? How YOU can be a Congress- person! Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate) Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state Have a lot of money for campaign Be independently wealthy Have people contribute money/support campaign Age 25 (H. of R.); 30 (Senate) Live 7 years (H. of R.); 9 years (Senate) in your state Have a lot of money for campaign Be independently wealthy Have people contribute money/support campaign What would make you run for a political office? Article II: The Executive A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres. Term: 4 years, 2 term limit President Vice President Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.) A.K.A. The President, The Commander-in- Chief, The Pres. Term: 4 years, 2 term limit President Vice President Cabinet (Sec. of State, etc.) Executive Power Commander-in-Chief of American military Execute law, sign/veto law Make treaties Appoint judges How YOU can be the Pres. Be at least 35 years old Be a natural born citizen Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person Be at least 35 years old Be a natural born citizen Live in the U.S. for at least 14 years Have even more money for campaign than Congress-person What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10). What would it take for you to take the job of being president? What other qualifications should their be to be a president? List as many attributes/abilities as possible (min. 10). What would it take for you to take the job of being president? Article III: The Judicial A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary Term: Life Organization Order 1st :Constitution 2nd: Supreme Court 3rd: Federal Courts 4th: State Courts A.K.A. The Bench, The Courts, The Judiciary Term: Life Organization Order 1st :Constitution 2nd: Supreme Court 3rd: Federal Courts 4th: State Courts Judicial Power Interprets law Reviews constitutionality of laws Reviews lower court cases Preserves balance against political parties Interpretation Loose Interpretation A.K.A. Loose Construction of Constitution Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt What the Constitution doesnt say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do Loose Interpretation A.K.A. Loose Construction of Constitution Interpretation of Constitution must be flexible People change, society changes, technology changes-- >Constitution must adapt What the Constitution doesnt say EXPLICITY, the branches of government can do Strict Interpretation A.K.A. Strict Construction of Constitution Constitution should remain the constant The Constitution must be the measure of social, ethical, and moral change Government can ONLY do what the Constitution EXPLICITLY says Separation of Power Checks and Balances