The Cold War PP

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The Cold War EraChapter 17


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P lans for a Post WWII WorldTehran, 1943

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin

Met to work out disagreementsabout the future of Germany andPoland

Agreed to partition Germany into4 zones , one American, oneBritish, one French, and oneSoviet.

Also agreed Polands gov. shouldbe sympathetic to the SovietUnion, but also to the West

Democratic Elections

Yalta, 1945

Same leaders

Discussed Europes post war reorganization

Re-establish Europes wartown countries

Stalin agreed to join theUN


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Tensions Rise* After WWII ended, the commonfoe (Germany) was eliminated

The USA and Russia wererealizing how different they werefrom each other

The USA excluded the Soviets

from plans on the atomic bombeven though the Soviets had sentspies and knew about it.

Soviets blamed the USA for waiting too long to open upanother front in the West, leaving

them to fight off the Germans inRussia.


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P otsdamConferenceTruman objected to Soviets takingreparations from Germany only

Soviets had prevented free elections

Soviets, British, Americans, andFrench would take repartitionsfrom their own occupation zones

Stalin installed satellite nations(communism spreads)

P lanned on bringing Nazi war-criminals to trial


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The UN isformedIn 1945 the United Nations wasfounded and ignited new hope orinternational peace andunderstanding

*Deep differences between the

East and the West becameobvious which made it harder forthe UN to fulfill the promise of peace

*Tensions rose around the world


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P ost-War US GoalsCreate a world where the United States own economic interests wouldbe served by worldwide markets, they felt they deserved this becausethey had such a big part in the Allied victory.


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The Soviet Stance on a P ost-War

WorldIn order to communism to work they needed to remove the resourcesnecessary for production from private business owners so that workingclass people could join together for the common good, sharingeverything equally.*Until this happened they needed to maintain a strong centralgovernment to control the resources


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War-time Hatred Transferred to the

Soviet Union Americans began to transfer their hatred of Nazi Germany to Soviet Russia. Many journalists wrote that both nations were totalitarian regimes whose leaders hadabsolute control and the ability to eliminate any opposition.


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The Struggle Between East and West*Stalin declared that his confidence in the ultimate triumph of the Sovietsystem would happen through the strengthening of the military and do

whatever it would take to ensure survival in opposition with the West.


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Was there anactual war?*No actual formal declaration of

war, but was there fighting?

*Did troops get deployed?


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The Iron CurtainChurchill said, from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, aniron curtain has descended across the European Continent*This Iron Curtain divided capitalist West from communist East


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Containment Americas foreign policy during the Cold War which meant preventingnations around the world from adopting communism, created andthought up by George Kennan. The United States needed to removeany opportunities for its enemy to establish communist governments in

other countries


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Brinkmanship*In the Cold War, Brinkmanship refers to the constant competitionbetween the United States and the Soviet Union


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The TrumanDoctrine

In 1947 Britain informed the US that

they could no longer help Turkey andGreece with military and economic aid

Truman was worried Turkey and Greece would fall to communism, so he was ableto enact the policy of containmentthrough the Truman Doctrine

The State Department developed aprogram for American assistance

In order to get support to help Greeceand Turkey, Truman had to address the

American people, the speech came to beknown as the Truman Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine said that theSoviet Union posed a serious threat to America and that it was their ob to hel


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M eanwhile.*By 1947 Communist parties were

growing stronger in a number of countries

* American policy makers wereafraid the Soviet Union mightsupport local communistmovements in these countries


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The M arshallP lan

Developed by George C. Marshall, Secretary of State

Called for the nations of Europe, includingthe Soviet Union and other communistcountries to draw up a program for economicrecovery from the war

The United States would then support theprogram with financial aid

The Soviet Union and their satellite states didnot participate

16 Western European nations did join with aplan requisition $17 billion

The United States sent over $13 billion in aidover the next four years


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What did the

US get out of the M arshallP lan?* Strong, reliable trading partnersin Western Europe


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West Germany also benefited* After the war, Germany was divided

into four parts* The Allies combined their parts toform West Germany

*The Soviets reacted by blocking allland and water routes to West Berlin in1948

*Truman did not want to start a war with the Soviets and he did not want togive Berlin to the Soviets either


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TheBerlin Air LiftTruman moved supplies into West

Berlin by plane.Food, coal, and other vital supplies

were flown into the city every day forover a year.

*The Soviets finally ended the blockadein 1949.


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Benefits of theM

arshallP

lan* P rovided economic stability in capitalist nations of war town Europe,including West Germany.

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