The Cold War1947-1991

Post War to Cold War GI Bill – Congress passed this to

allow soldiers returning home access to low interest loans and free education

Baby Boom – the population jumped in the years following WWII (Baby Boomers are those born 1945 – 1960)

Consumerism – WWII had ended the Great Depression & people had jobs and were spending money

Levittown

1950’s Pop culture Norman Rockwell – idealistic pictures of

life in America Dr. Jonas Salk – created vaccine for

polio, wrote books on child rearing Mass Media – TV could reach large #’s

of people Little Richard brings in Rock-n-Roll –

then Chuck Berry & Elvis Presley Teenagers became an all new market Beat Movement – nonconformist of the

time Jackie Robinson – integrated MLB in

1947

Norman Rockwell Paintings

Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley

Jackie Robinson and Little Richard

James Dean and Marilyn Monroe

The British Invasion

The Cold War (1947–1991) was the continuing power struggle

-existing after World War II (1939–1945) between the Communist World

-primarily the Soviet Union and its allies, and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States and its allies.

Definition:

Causes of the Cold War WWII – USSR lost 20 million people and

were determined to gain #’s through Satellite Nations – those nations under Soviet control

Post-War differences of opinions – Yalta Conference and control of Germany and Poland

USSR’s creation of the “Iron Curtain” – symbolic of communist domination and oppression

Stalin pledged to spread communism

Post War Europe

Events of the Cold War Under Truman

Truman Doctrine – promised assistance to countries trying to resist communist oppression

Marshall Plan – promised financial aid to rebuild post WWII Europe

Germany, including it’s capital of Berlin was divided into four occupation zones each controlled by and Allied country.

West Germany under control from the US, British, and French prospered while East Germany under Soviet control did not.

Berlin Airlift Berlin was in East Germany and

Stalin closed all transportation routes into West Berlin cutting of supplies to millions of residents.

Trying to avoid war, Truman began the Berlin Airlift – British and US planes delivered supplies by air for 15 months to West Berlin

In 1949, China fell to Communism making Americans fear the spread of communism throughout Asia.

Also in 1949, the Soviets explode an atomic bomb.

Germany

divided after WWII

The Berlin blockade increased the fear of communist aggression in Western Europe.

As a result NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed as a defensive alliance.

Then, the USSR formed the Warsaw Pact- Soviet alliance.

Policy of Containment – efforts to prevent the spread of communism

Cold War and Korea After WWII, the 38th Parallel divided

North Korea (supported by the Soviets) and South Korea (supported by the US).

In 1950, Communist N. Korea attacked S. Korea and the UN sent troops in led

by Gen. MacArthur. - China joined N. Korea and it led to a

stalemate. - In 1953, both sides signed an

armistice and Korea remained divided.

Korean War

The Cold War AT Home The fear of Communism spread in

the US beginning an Anti-communist crusade that violated the civil rights of many Americans.

Fear of Communism- EXAMPLES: 1. HUAC (House Un-

American Activities Committees) – check for communist infiltration in US

2. Truman’s Loyalty Program – investigate govt. workers

3. McCarthyism (Sen. Joseph McCarthy) lead a “witch hunt” in the US for communists

Spy Cases – The Rosenbergs & Alger Hiss

McCarthyism

Cold War Under Eisenhower

The US and the USSR raced to develop the H-bomb (US won in 1952, but Soviets had one in 1953)

Policy of Brinkmanship – willingness of the US to threaten war against Soviet aggression

Eisenhower created the CIA to gather information abroad and use covert operations to weaken government against the US.

Eisenhower Doctrine – promised to defend the Middle East against communist attack.

Israel had been formed in 1948

John F. Kennedy- elected in 1960

Cold War Under Kennedy Communist Fidel Castro takes

over Cuba Bay of Pigs (1961) – A U.S.

supported invasion of Cuba- It failed terribly and embarrassed Kennedy making him look incompetent.

Cuban Missile Crisis – Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba pointed at the US. It was a test for Kennedy and he passed forcing the Soviets to back down.

Cuban Missile Crisis- 1962

Missile Range

Berlin Wall – The Soviets erected the wall stopping the flow between East and West Berlin and increasing tensions in the Cold War.

http://www.mauer.jp/htmls/gallery_e.html

Soviets build the Berlin Wall

JFK in the Oval Office

JFK and Khrushchev

JFK and Krushev

Cuban Missile Crisis

Space Race and Kennedy’s New Frontier

The Soviets launched Sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite (1957)

U-2 Incident – US spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union ** Showed the US that the USSR had developed long range missiles.

April 12, 1961 – Yuri Gagarin (Soviet) was the first man in Space

May 5, 1961 – Alan Shepard became the 1st American in Space.

July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong became the 1st man on the moon.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Johnson’s Great Society Lyndon B. Johnson becomes President

when Kennedy is assassinated in 1963

LBJ’s program, (Great Society), declared war on poverty and promoted equal opportunities for all. Ex:

1) funded ed. 2) Medicare and Medicaid 3) opened immigration 4) triggered the environmental movement

LBJ- Lyndon Baines Johnson http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/re

sources/nonverbal/lbj.htm

LBJ runs for re-election 1964

The Warren Court 1953-1959

Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court led a wave of liberal reform going along with the “Great Society”.

- Brown v. Board – ended school segregation - cases requiring the fair districting of legislative

districts - Mapp v. Ohio – concerned illegally seized evidence - Gideon v. Wainwright – free council must be

provided - Miranda v. Arizona – rights must be read to the

accused - Escobedo v. Illinois – accused has the right to have a

lawyer present during police questioning

Vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnam

The “Burning Monk”

Vietnam terms page 232 - 236

Ho Chi Minh – Ngo Kinh Diem – Viet Cong – Ho Chi Minh Trail – Agent Orange – Napalm – My Lai Massacre – Kent State University – Pentagon Papers –

The Cold War and Vietnam Extension of the “Red Scare” – Vietnam

became the showdown for the US against communism

Domino Theory – the belief that countries neighboring Communism would fall to Communist oppression if not aidedEisenhower & Kennedy sent in military advisors, but L. Johnson escalated the war.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – In response to alleged North Vietnamese firing on an American ship, Congress approved Johnson’s request for military powers to protect the US from further aggression.

The Tet Offensive – North Vietnamese planned and executed a surprise attack on US and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam * Proved to Americans that the War was not nearing an end as told *

Nixon and Vietnam R. Nixon began Vietnamization and

brought and end to the then very unpopular war.

Paris Peace Accords – officially ended US involvement in Vietnam

Saigon fell and all of Vietnam was Communist – Very chaotic – US troops forced to airlift @1,000 US personnel and 6,000 S. Vietnamese citizens to aircraft carriers.

The nation remained very divided over the war with the youth in American becoming more outspoken against the war and protests becoming more violent. - Counterculture

Vietnam Protest Kent State University shootings

Vietnam Protests

Woodstock August 1969

Civil Rights Movement 1954 – Brown vs. Board of Education 1955 – Death of Emmett Till 1955 – Montgomery Bus Boycott – Rosa

Parks – Martin Luther King Jr. became the leader of the SCLC and the Civil Rights Movement

King pushed nonviolent protest and civil Disobedience – purposeful breaking of a law to change it.

1957 – Little Rock Crisis – 9 black students testing the court’s decision to integrate schools

Civil Rights Organizations and terms

SCLC- CORE- SNCC- Black Panthers- Black Power Movement- Civil Disobedience- Affirmative Action-

Civil Rights Movement 1961 – Freedom Rides – tested the courts

decision banning segregation 1962 – Ole Miss Riots – riots over James

Meredith’s registration 1963 – Violence in Birmingham – most

segregated city in the US where nonviolent protesters were violently attacked (televised, shocking Americans)

1963 – Wallace “Stands in the schoolhouse door” – Alabama’s Gov. prevented black students from enrolling

That same night, NAACP leader, Medgar Evers was killed

1963 – Freedom Summer – voting rights in Mississippi

Civil Rights Movement 1963 – March on Washington – Martin Luther King Jr.

gave his “I Have A Dream” speech pushing for legislation

1963 – Birmingham Church Bombing Civil Rights Act of 1964 –LBJ 1965 – Malcom X was assassinated 1965 – Selma March Voting Rights Act of 1965 1965 – Watts Race Riots – 34 killed 1967 – Detroit Race Riots – worst of 75 race riots was

killing 43 April 4, 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated

by James Earl Ray

Emmett Till

Rosa Parks

Little Rock High School integration

Sit-Ins – Civil Disobedience

Civil Rights Movement

Wallace Stands in the Schoolhouse Doors

Medgar Evers

Freedom Summer

Freedom Summer

MLK and Malcolm X

Birmingham Church Bombing

Selma March – voting rights

King’s Assassination