The Cold War 1947-1991. Josef Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death....
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Transcript of The Cold War 1947-1991. Josef Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death....
The Cold War1947-1991
Soviet Union after WWII
Josef Stalin was theleader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death.
Government Soviets set up a
puppet government; People do what they are told.
The government becomes one party (Communist) system did
Iron CurtainAFTER WWII AN INVISIBLE WALL WAS CREATED BETWEEN THE SOVIET-CONTROLLED COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE AND WESTERN EUROPE.
FIVE YEAR PLANMADE 5 PLANS TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMYBUILDING FACTORIES AND COLLECTIVE FARMS.STALIN USED SECRET POLICE TO GET RID OF PEOPLE HE DID NOT TRUST
Life in East Europe/Soviet Union
New factories were built
All decisions about factories made by the government
Collective farms ~ All cropsproduced by collective farms were distributed by the gov’t.
What did the end of WWII mean for Russia?~Communist government and troops occupied/took over Eastern Europe
What was Russia now called?~Soviet Union
Cold War DivisionWhich countries were against communism?
~US and Britain
What type of government did they want? ~DemocracyWhat was set up to help Western Europe recover?
~Marshall Plan and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Berlin WallDescribe the purpose of the Berlin WallWhat did each side of the wall represent?symbolized Cold War divisions
~East: Warsaw Pact – communism
~West: North Atlantic Treaty Organization – U.S. strong member helped rebuild W. Europe
Democratic West Unites
What did W. Europe represent?~democracy/free government
What was helping W. Europe rebuild?~economy~democracy
Describe NATO~North Atlantic Treaty Organization – US strong member helped rebuild Western Europe
~communism~Used force to control citizens~Used E. European countries as satellites/puppets~E. Europeans were not free to cross borders ~Government controlled all businesses
Communist control East
What was the E. European alliance called?
~ Warsaw Pact – communist East Europe
List at least 3 facts about E. European control:
The European Union
What is the European Union?
~economic and political partnership
Why did countries want to join?
~Economic stability
Define currency
~Type of payment – EU had 1 common currency = Euro
Democracy Spreads
What was happening in Europe in the 1980s?
~Communism was failing in Soviet and Eastern Europe
Communism fails
List 2 reasons communism was failing?
~Eastern economies couldn’t compete with industrial westernEurope
~Western Europe market economies – stronger than E. Europe’s commandEconomy
What was happening in E. Europe economies?
~government made decisions better for country than for the people~no motivation to work hard – govt limited pay~food shortages
Who was Mikahil Gorbachev? ~New leader of Soviets after Stalin
What did Gorbachev do for the Soviet gov’t?~Loosen Communist control
Which type of gov’t did Gorbachev support/want for the Soviets?~Democracy
Democratic Revolution Spreads
What happened in 1980?~Polish workers striked
How did Poland help to spread democracy?~Polish won over Polish leaders and had free elections – end communistRule
What/who was Solidarity?~Union of Polish workers
Germany Reunifies
List at least 4 facts about the reunification of Germany~1989 protests for democracy begins~demands led to free elections~1989 Berlin Wall destroyed – reuniting Europe~People in E. Germany were reunited with family in W. Germany
When the Berlin wall came down, what did it symbolize?~FREEDOM!!!
Cold War p 263 of orange text
Causes: Political tension between the members of NATO and the nations in theWarsaw Pact
W. Europe – democracies or constitutional monarchies (NATO)
E. Europe – communist (Warsaw Pact)
Feared use of nuclear weapons if war began
Effects:Called Cold War because neither side wanted an actual war.
These countries refused to trade or cooperate with each other