The Civil Rights Movement

Mr. ErmerU.S. HistoryMiami Beach Senior High

Roots of a Movement1896: Plessy v. Ferguson

◦“Separate but equal”◦De facto segregation◦1909: Norris v. Alabama (juries)

New Deal coalitionWWII and Civil Rights (CORE)1954: Brown v. Board of Education

of Topeka, KS◦Southern Resistance

The Civil Rights Movement Begins1955: Rosa Parks & NAACP

◦Montgomery Bus Boycott◦Religion & Civil Rights—MLK Jr.

Nonviolent Passive Resistance Southern Christian Leadership

Conference (SCLC)

Ike & Civil RightsPreferred desegregation by Act of

Congress or Executive Order, not courts

Desegregates military work spacesSends U.S. Army troops to South to

protect African-AmericansThe Little Rock NineCivil Rights Act of 1957 (voting)The Sit In Movement

JFK & Civil RightsThe Freedom Riders

◦Kennedy compromises w/ Mississippi◦ICC tightens regulation of segregated

bus depots◦RFK’s Justice Dept. sues Southern cities

for seg.JFK appoints many African-Amers. to

gov. jobsMLK’s Birmingham March

◦MLK arrested, “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

◦Demonstrations spread◦KKK bombs 16th St. Baptist Church in

Birmingham

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

1963: March on Washington “I have a dream”

LBJ continues fight to pass Civil Rights Act◦Senate threatens filibuster—cloture

vote◦Ends segregation in public facilities

Equal access to public accommodations for all races

◦Creates Equal Employment Opportunity Comm.

◦Forced end of segregation in private work place

◦Increased US Attorney General’s power to sue

Selma March—Voting Rights Act of 1965

Civil Rights IssuesInequality, crime, poverty, lack of

education plague urban African-Amer. pop

The Watts RiotThe Kerner Commission on Civil DisordersMLK fights for economic equalityBlack Power movementMalcolm X & the Nation of Islam

◦Separatism◦Black Panthers

Assassination of MLK

Chapter 16 Assessment

On page 396, write and answer questions 1-10