The City Forest (P A Yeomans) 1971

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    T.K.Rehnkjs

    V`e Lbty Chrest

    V@E MERABJE TAKJ

    CH_ V@E@UNKJ EJSB_HJNEJV_ESHAUVBHJ

    Meyabje

    \yfjey

    Cbrst puoabs`ef ;29; oy Meyabje Tuoabs`bji Tty. Atf._eibsteref kt t`e I.T.H. \yfjey chr trkjsnbssbhj oy phst ks k ohhm.Jktbhjka Aborkry hc Kustrkabk Lkrf Junoer kjf B.\.O.J. 4252259046

    Lhpyrbi`t.D T.K. Rehnkjs Tty. Abnbtef;;9 Tbtt \treet, \yfjey, ?444, Kustrkabk.

    Hcceref `ere wbt` t`e pernbssbhj hc Kaakj Rehnkjs (shbakjf`ekat`.hri/)

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    Vkoae hc Lhjtejts

    Chrewhrf

    ; @. E. _

    ? V`e Trhphsbtbhj

    < V`e Akjfslkpe Fesbij hc Jkture (;)

    6 V`e Akjfslkpe Fesbij hc Jkture (?)

    5 V`e Crkinejt Oetweej

    3 Fesbij chr Ejvbrhjnejt

    9 Fesbij k Jew Lbty

    0 _evbew t`e Jew Lbty

    2 Vh Laekj k Lbty

    ;4\hba \ejse

    ;;\hba kjf Vrees

    ;?Ykter t`e Chrest

    ;

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    Chrewhrf

    K nkghr l`kjie bj vkaues kjf bj oe`kvbhur bs oeibjjbji th hllur bj Kustrkabk. Chr thh ahji we `kve

    oeej expahbtbji oht` hur lhjtbjejt kjf ekl` ht`er. Tktterjs hc `unkj abvbji oksef hj seacbs`jess kjfrut`aess lhnpetbtbvejess kre oelhnbji seac-festrultbve. K jew erk bs fkwjbji--equkabty oetweej t`esexes, iejerhsbty bj `unkj reaktbhjs`bps kjf `hjesty bj jeihtbktbhj. Ybt` t`bs ihes k respelt chr t`eejvbrhjnejt t`kt sustkbjs us.

    @unkjmbjf bs k obh-shlbka spelbes. @bs obhahiblka survbvka fepejfs hj krnhjbhus whrmbji wbt`Jkture. @krnhjy lhnes hjay w`ej we ibve ks weaa ks tkme.

    V`e whraf `ks pkbf k terrboae prble chr t`e Bjfustrbka _evhautbhj kjf t`e kfvkjle hc slbejle. Ye `kfth oe rut`aess th lhjtrha kjf `krjess t`e chrles hc Jkture= th oelhne nkl`bje-abme th nkme nkl`bjeskjf th t`bjm abme lhnputers th lhjquer bijhrkjle. Out t`e okttae bs whj. Jhw we nust re-`unkjbsehurseaves kjf s`kre t`e crubts hc hur akohur. V`e swbji kwky crhn t`e nbstkmes hc t`e l`enblkashautbhj hc obhahiblka prhoaens, bs oeibjjbji. Jkturka chhf nhvenejts suiiest we kre sekrl`bji chr k`ekat`ber wky. V`e irhwt` hc lhnnujbty irhups bj elhahiy, weackre, efulktbhj kjf t`e krts suiiest w

    wkjt th oelhne oetter kjf `kppber `unkjs.

    Kustrkabk bs t`e hjay lhjtbjejt hj ekrt` jever spabt oy wkrrbji jktbhjs hr stktes. Ye kre chrtujkte bjoebji ujbnphrtkjt bj t`e irekt phwer lhnpetbtbhj. Ks bj`erbthrs hc t`e bjfustrbka erk we kre hj t`eperbp`ery hc oht` Eurhpekj kjf Ksbkj lbvbabzktbhjs.

    Ye kahje kre bj k phsbtbhj th kllept t`e oest crhn kaa lhjtbjejts bj bfeks, pehpae kjf wkys hc abvbji.

    @bsthry thhm `unkjbty crhn t`e trboe th t`e Lbty \tkte, th t`e Jktbhj \tkte. V`e jext step bs t`eLhjtbjejtka Jktbhj kt pekle wbt` btseac kjf wbt` bts jebi`ohurs. Bt bs hur ujbque hpphrtujbty kjf futy oelhne t`e exknpae th t`e rest hc t`e whraf chr t kt jext step. Bj t`bs prhless t e Nkl`bje Lbty nustoe repaklef oy t`e @unkj Lbty. V`e expahbtef akjfslkpe nust oe `usokjfef wbt` ahvbji lkre. V`e shw`bl` ibves us abce nust oe feveahpef bj bts hwj abvbji prhlesses sh t`kt bt irhws rbl`er yekr oy yekrrkt`er t`kj phhrer. V`e oekuty kjf creefhn hc pershjka spkle fepejfs hj lkrbji chr t`e bjteirbty hc kahur ejvbrhjnejt. Ye nky jht oe t`e nhst vkrbef kjf oekutbcua lhjtbjejt hj ekrt`, out we lkj kjf nuoe t`e nhst `unkj.

    Ny ckt`er's whrm kjf t`e lhjtrboutbhjs hc kaa Kustrkabkjs bs jeefef chr t`e tksm k`ekf.

    Jevbaae Rehnkjs.

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    L@KTVE_ HJE

    @.E._.

    V`ere bs k wbfe ceeabji hc pessbnbsn kohut `katbji phaautbhj w`bl` bs crequejtay kllhnpkjbef oy kjbjfbvbfuka sejse hc iubat= t`ere `kve oeej thh nkjy s`hlms!

    Bt seenef sbnpae ejhui` th laekj-up snhi= bt wks hjay cklthry snhme kjf stucc! Out bt wks k s`hlmth aekrj t`kt t`e whrst kbr phaautbhj wks lkusef oy t`e bjvbsboae ikses crhn hur hwj nhthr lkrs.

    Ykter phaautbhj seenef gust k nktter hc oebji lkrecua wbt` frbjmbji wkter kjf trektbji kaa sewerkieout bt wks kjht`er s`hlm th fbslhver t`kt kcter trektnejt, t`e eccauejts w`bl` ahhm qubte laekr stbaaphaaute t`e rbvers kjf t`e seks.

    Bt wks k s`hlm th aekrj t`kt t`e nbamnkj feabvers t`e F.F.V. every nhrjbji kjf t`kt bt bs bjeveryt`bji we ekt.

    V`e fbslahsures kohut hw t`e l`enblkas lhjlejtrkte kahji t`e abvbji chhf-l`kbjs wks verybjterestbji. V`e lrujl` lkne w`ej we rekabsef we were t`e cbjka abjm kjf iht t`e obieest fhse.

    F.F.V. bj pejiubjs bj t`e Kjtkrltblk ikve lkuse th whjfer `hw nul` we ekt bj k neka hc cbs` lkui`kahji hur lhkstabje. Kjf bj Hlthoer, ;29; t`ere wks k ahlust pakiue kjf ?4,444 squkre nbaes hc hurlhujtry wks sprkyef wbt` thjs hc syjt`etbl l`enblka phbshjs kjf jht kj katerjktbve suiiestbhj hr kwhrf hc prhtest crhn kjyhje ujtba bt wks thh akte--gust k cktka klleptkjle hc t`e bjevbtkoae8 @eaa! Y`kk whraf kjf t`ere bs sure th oe whrse th lhne!

    Thaautbhj bj t`bs lhujtry wks jht kj bjevbtkoae pkrt hc prhiress hr hc hver-lrhwfef lbtbes.

    Thaautbhj bs t`e resuat hc t`e jhrnka cujltbhjbji hver nkjy felkfes hc kj bjeccblbejt, krrhikjt kjfbnpershjka estkoabs`nejt. V`e ejvbrhjnejt bs phaautef oelkuse bt bs nkfe up hc t`e l`khtbl akjfslkpehc t`e estkoabs`nejt.

    YE JEEF K @UNKJ EJSB_HJNEJV _ESHAUVBHJ. Jht ujtba t`ere bs `ekat` kjf `krnhjy bjkaa hur akjfslkpes lkj t`ere oe `unkjbty kjf lhnnhj sejse bj t`e shlbety hc nkj. V`bs ohhm bslhjlerjef wbt` lhrreltbji t`e twh cujfknejtka lkuses hc hur rkpbfay feterbhrktbji ejvbrhjnejt.

    V@E CB_\V LKU\E B\ V@E LHNTAEVEAR BJEPTABLKOAE CKBAU_E HC NKJMBJF VHFE\BIJ @B\ AKJF\LKTE--@B\ V_UE ABSBJI TAKLE.

    V@E \ELHJF LKU\E B\ V@E OK\VK_FB\KVBHJ HC KI_BLUAVU_E. (see L`kpter ;6).

    Nkjmbjf kies kih usef `bs smbaas th fesbij k s`eater crhn t`e rkbj w`ere `e lhuaf saeep skceay ktjbi`t, out `e abvef bj t`e jkturka akjfslkpe. Evejtukaay `e fesbijef k `huse, `bs lkstaes kjf lkt`efrkas

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    evej k pakle chr t`e rephse hc `bs lhrpse, out `e fbf jht fesbij t`e akjfslkpe w`bl` `e lkne thlhnpaeteay fhnbjkte. @e oelkne kj krl`btelt out stbaa e bijhref t`e krl`btelture hc t`e jkturkaakjfslkpes. Out bc `e `kf usef `bs feveahpbji smbaas kjf `kf aekrjef th ujferstkjf t`e akjfslkpefesbij hc Jkture kjf kash `kf lhne th terns wbt` t`e shba w`bl` cef `bn, `e lhuaf `kve kvhbfef `bslrbnes kikbjst Jkture w`bl` kve lkusef bs prhoaens hc thfky.

    @e lhuaf `kve fesbijef k akjfslkpe t`kt wks= `ekat`y, paekskjt, eccblbejt kjf laekj oy usbji `bssmbaas kjf krts ks t`ey feveahpef kjf lhnobjbji t`en `krnhjbhusay bj `bs abvbji ejvbrhjnejt. Bc `e

    `kf, `e lhuaf jht `kve ckaaej prey th t`e utter chhabs`jess hc fbvhrlbji `bs kfvkjlbji mjhwaefie bjthsepkrktef lhnpkrtnejts. V`e crkinejts hc slbejle, w`bl` kre `bs prbjlbpka fhwjckaa, whuaf sureay bjsul` kj ejvbrhjnejt, `kve oeej lhnobjef bj wbsfhn kjf lhnnhj sejse. bc `e `kf renkbjef kt peklewbt` Jkture `e nky `kve oeej koae th abve nhre peklecuaay wbt` `bs ceaahw nkj kjf `kve kvhbfef `bsprhoaens hc phaautbhj kjf hc perpetuka cekr.

    V`e prbjlbpka fbccbluaty bj eabnbjktbji phaautbhj nky oe t`e nejtka kttbtufes hc pehpae. V`e hafernenoers hc t`e phpuaktbhj `kve oeej orkbjwks`ef kjf lhjfbtbhjef kaa t`ebr abves th oeabeve bjfhltrbjes w`bl` bj thfky's lrhwfef whraf kre ckase kjf kjtb-akjfslkpe. V`ere ks oeej jh prepkrktbhjbj t`ebr efulktbhj hr bj t`ebr abves chr ujferstkjfbji t`e prhoaens hc thfky w`bl` `kve seenbjiay

    rus`ef kt t`en sh qublmay! Bt bs fbccbluat th kllept t`kt nhferj slbejle bs hctej fbccerejt crhn wbsfhnkjf t`kt tel`jhahiy shnetbnes ahses btseac bj bts hwj laever lrektbhjs. V`ey fh jht cuaay ujferstkjfw`y t`ebr hwj mbfs kre sh fbccerejt crhn t`enseaves ks yhut`s. V`ey `kve jht yet kpprelbktef t`kt t`erevhat hc mbfs kikbjst t`e estkoabs`nejt. represejts t`e fkwjbji hc skjbty kjf lhnnhj sejse bj kshlbety ht`erwbse eaa-oejt hj bts hwj festrultbhj.

    V`hse w`h were ohrj kcter t`e \elhjf Yhraf Ykr ejteref t`e jew whraf hc nkj's ujabnbtef. phwerhc kjjb`baktbhj. Kjf furbji t`e yekrs sbjle t`ej, t`e irekt jktbhjs `kve oeej equbppbji t`enseaves chrgust t`kt purphse. Kjf bc jht t`e nbabtkry, t`ere bs phaautbhj--t`e selhjf rhkf th kjjb`baktbhj! Rhut` `kjh pkrt bj lkusbji bt, yet t`ey kre succerbji t`e nhst crhn bts `ekat`-festrhybji kjf abce-s`hrtejbji

    eccelts.

    V`kjms th t`e kttbtufes hc t`e estkoabs`nejt hver t`e pkst cew yekrs, yhut` `ks oeej rhooef hc kjyrekshj th oe prhuf hc bts lhujtry. Out stbaa t`e reka `hpe abes thfky bj t`e questbhjbji fbsoeabec hc yhujpehpae kjf bj t`ebr lhjtenpt chr kut`hrbty, w`et`er trkfbtbhjka, cbjkjlbka, slbejtbcbl hr ihverjnejt,w`bl` fhes jht nkme sejse. V`ey mjhw t`e t`bjis t`kt kre wrhji= t`ey kre sekrl`bji chr trut` kjf rekcreefhn, kjf nkjy kre fevhtbji t`enseaves th l`kjibji shlbety chr t`e oetter. Bt bs k `ekat`y sbij t`ktt`e wbsfhn kjf bjtubtbhj hc t`ese pehpae bj Kustrkabk bs aekfbji t`en jhrt` bj t`e sekrl` chr k jewcrhjtber hc abce styae. Bj t`e nhre `ekvbay phpuaktef kjf hver enp`ksbsef shut` eksterj lhrjer hcKustrkabk, w`ere we kve lhpbef t`e expahbtktbhj hc t`e ejvbrhjnejt crhn ht`er lhujtrbes, t`e sbtuktbh

    ahhms `hpeaess. Out Jhrt`erj [ueejsakjf kppekrs th hccer k l`kjle th nhve bj ohaf jew fbreltbhjs kjth bjcauejle cuture luaturka, bjfustrbka kjf phpuaktbhj kfvkjles bj t`e qukabty hc abce. Lhujtaess ht`erswhuaf abme th chaahw t`en hut hc t`e ejvbrhjs hc t`e obi lbty kjf abve bj t`e lhujtry w`ere t`ey lhuafirhw t`ebr hwj chhf cree crhn krtbcblbka certbabsers kjf phbshj sprkys kjf lhaaelt t`ebr frbjmbji wktercrhn t`e rkbjckaa.

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    OUV BV B\ VHH AKVE! V`e phbshj wkve bs thh kaa pervkfbji chr t`en th cbjf ebt`er ekat` hr abcesktbsckltbhj bj kjy chrn hc bshaktbhj.

    V`e yhuji pehpae hc thfky kre t`e nhst bnphrtkjt th whraf survbvka bj kaa `unkj `bsthry kjf t`ebrfestbjy hccers t`en hjay twh lhurses hc purphsecua kltbhj7 Cbrstay, t`kt t`ey seaelt kjf, oy usbji t`ebrvhtbji rbi`ts, tkme hver k pakle kjf oubaf kj ejvbrhjnejt hc `unkjbty kjf `ekat`y okakjle ks kfenhjstrktbhj hc abvbji= selhjfay, t`kt t`ey stkrt t`e @unkj Ejvbrhjnejt _evhautbhj jhw w`erevert`ey kre= iet wbt` bt kjf stky wbt` bt, jh nktter w`kt!

    V`ey `kve t`e junoers kjf t`e strejit`s th fh bt. V`ey `kve w`kt jh ht`er kie irhup ever phssessek lkpklbty th hrikjbse t`ebr t`hui`ts kjf t`ebr kltbhjs th prhleef kanhst sphjtkjehusay oht` ksbjfbvbfukas kjf ks k nuatbtufe. Kjf t`ey `kve k nutuka bjteirbty w`bl` bs jht k pkrtbluakr l`krklterbsthc t`e Estkoabs`nejt.

    Bj t`e pkst, t`e irekt revhautbhjs lkne crhn enpty oeaabes. V`e @unkj Ejvbrhjnejt _evhautbhj bsfbccerejt. V`e fbssktbsckltbhj hc yhut` kjf bts fenkjfbji sekrl` chr k oetter wky hc abce bs t`e phwer.Hc lhurse t`e Estkoabs`nejt bs t`e ejeny, w`ere t`e stupbf kjf t`e lhnpaklejt wbt`bj ihverjnejt,kjf t`e evbas kjf t`e kvkrble hc cbjkjle, slbejle kjf obi ousbjess, lkj jever oe relhjlbaef bj k

    lhnnhj sejse shautbhj th t`e prhoaens hc t`e sblm akjfslkpe hr t`e bj`unkjbty hc shlbety.

    V`e l`enblka slbejles w`bl` `kve oeej feokul`ef oy ousbjess th nkme obaabhjs crhn phaautbji t`eTakjet wbaa lhjtbjue th hut-s`hut t`e ekat`y out cbjkjlbkaay lrbppaef obhahiblka kjf shlbka slbejles.Ousbjess wbaa cbi`t strejuhusay kjf ks rut`aessay ks ever kikbjst l`kjies w`bl` t`rektej t`ebr bjcauejlkjf t`ebr prhcbts, w`bae kt t`e skne tbne, t`ey wbaa kfvertbse wbt` t`e phwer hc t`ebr nhjey, t`kt t`eywbaa skve t`e whraf.

    Rhut` `ks k tksm hj bts `kjfs out t`ey fh jht `kve th cbi`t everyhje. V`e strkjiers, t`e lhjcusef kjt`e ahst bj t`bs whraf kre jht t`e yhuji pehpae, out t`ebr pkrejts. Rhut` s`huaf jht fbsnbss t`en out

    s`huaf iubfe kjf tekl` t`ebr eafers. V`ebr nhst vkaukoae kaay nky oe t`e '`ekat`y' ckrners kjf t`ebrw`haeshne chhf. Bt lhuaf weaa oe t`kt lbty mbfs kjf t`ese 'reoea' ckrners wbaa lrekte t`e `unkjejvbrhjnejt revhautbhj.

    V`ere wks vkrbety kjf furkobabty bj t`e jkturka akjfslkpes, out nkjmbjf ks nereay bnphsef bssnht`erbji lautter hj Jkture's abvbji ejvbrhjnejt. @e ckbaef th fesbij t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpeschr `bnseac. V`e hafer prhcessbhjs kjf ekl` hc t`e jew prhcessbhjs w`bl` `kf th fh wbt` akjf use,nereay kffef t`ebr rkjfhn pbeles. Evej t`e Ejiabs` lhujtrysbfe `ks jh ahiblka oksbs hc fesbij. Btspaeksbji kppekrkjle thfky krhse crhn kj erk hc tree pakjtbji w`bl` ejiejferef k lhjslbhusjess hcakjfslkpe, kt t`e ejf hc t`e sevejteejt` lejtury kjf lhjtbjuef t`rhui` t`e ebi`teejt` lejtury. V`ere

    were cekrs t`kt t`e jktbhj wks bj fkjier hc rujjbji s`hrt hc `krfwhhf chr t`e caeet kjf chr oubafbjipurphses iejerkaay. Eveayj's ohhm hj chrestry, "\bavk", wks puoabs`ef bj ;390 kjf exertef k strhjibjcauejle hj t`e akjfef iejtry.

    B skw t`ese akjfslkpes furbji t`e sprbji kjf sunner hc ;250 kjf vbsbtef shne hc t`e nkgestbl`hnes, nkjhrs kjf lkstaes. V`ese oubafbjis wbt` t`ebr nkture trees kjf krtbcblbka akmes seenef th ahrfbt hver t`e aus` ireej cbeafs wbt` t`ebr lhpses, `efierhws, kjf pakjtef chrests. Evej t`e cejles kjf

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    iktewkys phssessef t`ebr neksure hc lhjlebt. V`e jekr perceltbhj hc ekl` bjfbvbfuka cklthr kflhnobjef bj k nbaf kjf iejtae labnkte th lrekte k nhskbl sleje hc irekt oekuty.

    V`e crkibae jkture hc t`e akjfslkpe wks kppkrejt bj t`e frhui`t hc ;252 w`ej bt renbjfef kjKustrkabkj hc bs frhui`ty hneakjf.

    V`bs ohhm s`hws t`kt t`e `krnhjy hc pure fesbij bj t`e akjfslkpes hc Jkture `ks kawkys oeejhverahhmef. Bt hccers k sbnpae extejsbhj hc Jkture's wky chr t`e fesbij hc t`e ejvbrhjnejt hc nkj.

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    L@KTVE_ VYH

    V`e Trhphsbtbhj

    Chr rekshjs w`bl` oelhne kppkrejt akter, phaautbhj stkrtef wbt` wkter. _eltbcybji t`e wkter phsbtbhjbs t`e stkrtbji phbjt chr fesbijbji t`e eabnbjktbhj hc phaautbhj. V`e Lbty Chrest recers th k spelbcbl krek

    hc t`e renefy. Ks k cbrst step, bt bs prhphsef t`kt t`e cbateref eccauejt crhn sewerkie trektnejt whrmskjf ht`er usef wkters hc thwj kjf lbty, oe feabveref vbk punp kjf pbpeabje th seaeltef kreks hc akjfkjf jht th t`e rbvers kjf t`e seks ks bt bs thfky. Hj t`e seaeltef akjf t`ese wkste wkters whuaf oe re-usef th irhw chrests bj t`e abmejess hc Jkture's rkbj chrest. V`e irhwt` stbnuakjts hc t`e eccauejtswhuaf stbnuakte t`e irhwt` hc t`e trees. V`e wkter whuaf oe laekjef kjf relhjstbtutef bj t`e jkturkaprhlesses hc t e chrests kjf cahw crhn t`e chrest shba th ghbj t`e lhnnhj wkters hc t`e akjf kjf t eseks ks laekr cres` wkter.

    Y`bae jht`bji w`bl` nkj ks fevbsef chr ebt`er iettbji rbf hc wkter hr chr relhjstbtutbji usef wkterkpprhkl`ef t`e eccblbejly hc t`e jkturka rkbj chrests, t`e fesbijef Lbty Chrest wbaa ckr exlea t`en bj

    ecceltbvejess chr t`e purphse.

    V`bs bs t`e bnnefbkte kltbhj suiiestef chr thfky's lbtbes bj hrfer th pkrtay hccset t`e nbstkmes hc t`epkst kjf t`e prhoaens hc wkter phaautbhj jhw. Out oelkuse kbr, wkter kjf shba kre t`e trbjbty hc abce kjbjfbvbskoae, t`bs bs kash kj kttklm hj kbr kjf shba phaautbhj.

    V`e prhspelts chr thnhrrhw kre orbi`ter. K okakjle hc t`e wkter oufiet bj hur tkme kjf returj hcihhf wkter whuaf extejf th okakjle kjf `ekat` bj t`e thtka ejvbrhjnejt.

    Lbtbes hj t`ebr hwj lkjjht oe nkfe phaautbhj cree= t`e prhoaen bs lhjtbjejt wbfe kjf whraf wbfe.

    V`e Lbty Chrest kjf k \trbp Chrest chr every ckrn, whuaf oe kj bjteirka pkrt hc t`e jew akjfslkpefesbij chr lbty, thwj kjf lhujtry. Jew lbtbes lkj t`ej oe nkfe phaautbhj cree kjf cujltbhj wbt` kfeiree hc eccblbejly jht jhw kpprhkl`ef. V`e wbfe kirbluaturka akjfslkpe lkj oe refesbijefelhjhnblkaay kjf prhcbtkoay bj ckrnslkpes wbt` lhnpaete lhjtrha hc wkter, wbt` trees pakjtef thej`kjle kjf bnprhve t`e akjf kjf wbt` certbae shba th kff t`e cbjka eaeikjle th t`e lhujtrysbfe. Bjstekfhc ckrnbji akjf oebji t`e irekter phaauter bt bs jhw, bt whuaf oelhne t`e perpetuka iukrfbkj hc t`e`ekat` kjf okakjle hc t`e ejvbrhjnejt.

    Evej irekt bjfustrbka lhnpaexes kjf akrie nbjbji ejterprbses lkj oe fesbijef th renkbj bj okakjlewbt` t`e akjfslkpe kjf jht festrhy kjf feirkfe bt.

    Hur Kustrkabk bs k fbveriejt akjf. Bt `ks akjfslkpes kjf pakjt abce kjf kjbnka abce w`bl` kre ujbque.V`hse w`h `kve lhjtrhaaef bts akjf phabtbes kjf t`hse kash w`h `kve hllupbef sh nul` hc t`bs akjf bjt`e pkst, `kve jht kawkys fbsl`krief t`ebr resphjsbobabtbes th bt hr th bts pehpaes.

    Kustrkabk bs k fknkief akjf. V`ere kre pakles w`bl` cew Kustrkabkjs kve seej w`ere t`e surckle thseverka ceet `ks oeej tkmej oy wbjf crhn t`huskjfs hc squkre nbaes.

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    V`e thui` akjf `ks prhvef th oe k crkibae akjf.

    V`e bnpkbref akjfslkpes lkj oe relhveref kjf nkfe t`e nhst kttrkltbve akjf hj ekrt` oht` chrKustrkabkjs th abve bj kjf chr t`e whraf's pehpae th vbsbt kjf ejghy. Out kaa hur akjfslkpes `kve th oeiukrfef kjf ej`kjlef, oelkuse evej jhw obi ousbjess bjterests kre pakjjbji t`e "feveahpnejt" hcakjf w`ere t`e festrultbhj hc kaa trees hver vkst kreks, thiet`er wbt` ht`er hrt`hfhx kirbluaturkaprkltbles, wbaa bjevbtkoay aekf th curt er wbfe akjfslkpe festrultbhj.

    V`e klqubsbtbhj hc ahw prblef akjf bj Kustrkabk oy hverseks bjvesthrs, `ks paklef k vkaue hc k cewlejts bj t`e fhaakr hj hur akjf, lhnpkref wbt` sbnbakr akjf bj t`ebr hwj lhujtrbes. Karekfy t`e kreksahst bj t`e Jhrt` kre t`kj t`e stktes hc Sblthrbk kjf Vksnkjbk lhnobjef. V`bs bs k chrn hc phaautbhj oyt`e Estkoabs`nejt w`bl` jeefs th oe reversef.

    Cbrst, V`e Ckrn

    B oelkne bjvhavef wbt` t`e prhoaen hc fesbijbji k `ekat`y akjfslkpe w`ej B ohui`t ;,444 klres hcphhr akjf bj k reibhj hc ujreabkoae rkbjckaa bj ;26< kjf trbef th ckrn bt. V`e hogeltbve wks th prhfule;,444 klres hc certbae shba bj k akjfslkpe w`bl` wks pakjjef ahiblkaay. B wks sbjiuakray ujsullesscua ch

    k tbne. Out evejtukaay B chujf k qublm wky th lhjvert very phhr ekrt`s bjth certbae shba kjf k ahiblkawky th fesbij k akjfslkpe.

    V`e reaevkjles hc t`ese experbnejts kjf experbejles hj t`e akjf, w`bl` were relhrfef bj ny t`reeekraber ohhms kjf vkrbhus pkpers, kre nkjy. Chr bjstkjle, t`e cbrst spelbka purphse akjfslkpe hc nkjwks t`e ckrn, w`ere everyhje abvef hj t`e akjf. Bt wks jht hjay t`e pakle w`ere t`e chhf wksprhfulef, bt wks kash t`e `hne hc t`e krts kjf smbaas w`bl` were t`e chujfktbhj hc t`e bjfustrbes.V`erechre, bc t`e shba hc t`e ckrn feterbhrktef kjf ahst bts certbabty, hr t`e akjf wks wrhjiay fesbijef haklmef fesbij kathiet`er, t`us wekmejbji t`e okakjle hc t`e jkturka akjfslkpe, t`ere wks abttae l`kjlet`kt akter kjf ckr nhre phpuahus akjfslkpes whuaf oe oetter. Hj t`e ht`er `kjf, bc t`e ckrnbji hc akjf

    wks rbi`t kjf t`e fesbij hc t`e ckrn wks bj okakjle, t`e wbfer akjfslkpes hc lbty, thwj kjf lhujtrylhuaf jht oe bj sul` k pabi`t thfky.

    V@E CK_N YK\ KJF \VBAA _ENKBJ\ V@E L_BVBLKAAR BNTH_VKJV AKJF\LKTE HCNKJ. @hwever k `ekat`y kjf weaa fesbijef ckrn bs kanhst ks rkre ks t`e sejsboay fesbijef lbty--jevert`eaess bt bs hj t`e ckrns w`ere t`e prhoaens hc uj`ekat`y shba kjf ihhf akjfslkpe fesbij nustcbrst oe shavef kjf w`ere fesbijs chr `ekat` kjf okakjle nust oe bjteirktef. Nkjy hc t`e krts kjf smbahc ihhf ckrnbji kre bnphrtkjt th t`e fesbij kjf whrmbjis hc t`e laekj lbty.

    Certbae shba bs k prelbhus t`bji. bt `ks kash oeej chujf th very tenphrkry= bts certbabty lkj oe ahst oy

    ckuaty nkjkienejt bj k cew felkfes. Out bt wbaa oe s`hwj t`kt t`e prhless lkj oe reversef kjf t`ebnphverbs`ef shba oe nkfe nhre certbae kjf feeper t`kj bt ever wks, kjf bj k cew yekrs. V`e resphjseshc t`e fbshrferef akjfslkpe th ihhf fesbij kjf nkjkienejt lkj abmewbse oe rkpbf. V`e refesbij hc t`akjfslkpes chr ekat` kjf eccblbejly lkj oe kpprhkl`ef wbt` hptbnbsn.

    V`e prhcessbhjs kve prhfulef nkjy nksterpbeles hc fesbij wbt`bj t`e ejvbrhjnejt out chr t`eakjfslkpes hc thwj kjf lhujtry, w`bl` s`huaf `kve oeej pakjjef th akst bjfecbjbteay, t`ere bs jh

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    ahiblka oksbs hc fesbij. V`e oest hc lbtbes kppekr th oe Vhpsy pakjjef--t`ey gust irew kjf irew hut hcserbes hc kllbfejts bjth t`e nkabijkjlbes t`ey kre jhw.

    Akjfslkpes

    V`ere kre twh laksses hc akjfslkpes. Lakss hje bs t`e Ybfe Ejchafbji Akjfslkpes hc Jkture. Laksstwh bs t`e \pelbka Turphse Akjfslkpes hc Nkj.

    V`e akjfslkpes wbt`bj lakss hje kre t`e akrier hc t`e twh. V`ey kre t`e akjfslkpes hc t`e irektnhujtkbj l`kbjs kjf rbver systens= hc lhkstka pakbjs kjf s`hre abjes= hc t`e irekt rkbj chrests th t`eskvkjjk` type hc irkssakjf wbt` bts cew slktteref trees= hc t`e wbfe irkssakjfs hc t`e lhjtbjejts hc t`ewhraf--t`e pknpks, t`e irekt pakbjs, t`e steppes kjf t`e prkbrbes--hc t`e nkrs`es kjf t`e wet akjfs, hct`e senb-krbf akjfs kjf t`e feserts.

    V`ey kre t`e akjfslkpes hc t`e iehirkp`er, t`e iehahibst kjf t`e kjt`rhphahibst= t`e akjfslkpes hct`e nbirktbji obrfs, hc hur enu kjf mkjikrhh, hc t`e eaep`kjt kjf t`e ibrkcce, hc t`e abhj kjf t`eaehpkrf, kjf hc t`e `erfs hc t`e irkssekters.

    V`e akjfslkpes wbt`bj lakss twh--t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpes hc nkj--`kve oeej bnphsef hj t`ejkturka akjfslkpes hc lakss hje kjf jhw kppekr th fhnbjkte t`en= evej labnktes `kve oeej kcceltefkjf akjf s`kpe `ks oeej kateref oy irekt nhvenejts hc shba kjf ekrt`. V`ese akjfslkpes kre t`elbtyslkpes kjf thwjslkpes= t`ey kre t`e akjfslkpes hc t`e irkzbji prhpertbes kjf t`e ckrns, hc t`epakjtef chrests, hc t`e rkba systens kjf t`e rhkfs, hc t e jkture reserves kjf t`e pkrmakjfs, kjf hc t`enkjy snkaaer akjfslkpes wbt`bj t`en, fhwj th t`e `huse oahlm wbt` t`e fhi-`huse bj t`e oklmykrf.

    V`ey kre t`e akjfslkpes hc t`e lbty fweaaers kjf thwjscham, hc t`e ckrners kjf t`e chresters= hc t`eshlbhahibsts, t`e obhahibsts kjf t`e fhlthrs= hc t`e bjfustrbkabsts kjf t`e nbjers= t`e ihacers kjf t`esmbers= hc t`e slbejtbsts kjf t`e krtbsts--hc kaa hc us. V`bs bs hur whraf.

    V`ese kre t`e akjfslkpes hc nbsnkjkienejt w`bl` kre hccejfbji Jkture kjf phaautbji t`e pakjet.

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    L@KTVE_ V@_EE

    V`e AkjfslkpeFesbij hc Jkture

    (;)

    V@E IEHI_KT@R HC AKJF\LKTE

    V`ere bs k akjfslkpe fesbij hc Jkture. Bt bs nkfe up hc t`ree wkter abjes kjf t`ree akjf s`kpes. Btbjlaufes kash t`ree akjf chrns kjf hje spelbka pktterj.

    Ye stkrt k trbp th t`e hrbibjs hc akjfslkpe bj hrfer th aekrj `hw th fesbij oetter akjfslkpes chrhurseaves.

    Bj t`e oeibjjbjis hc t`e whraf t`ere wks l`khs. V`ere were jh chrns, jh fesbij kjf jh abce. V`ej

    t`ere wks k irekt l`kjie= t`e akjf wks fbvbfef crhn t`e wkter= t`e lhjtbjejts kjf t`e bsakjfs oelknesepkrktef kjf fecbjef crhn t`e seks.

    V`e fbvbfbji abje krhujf ekl` wks k lhjthur. V@E CB_\V ABJE HC JKVU_E'\ AKJF\LKTEFE\BIJ B\ K LHJVHU_ YKVE_ ABJE. V`e jkturka lhjthur abjes s`hw w`ere t`e surckle hc stbaawkter nkmes lhjtklt wbt` t`e akjf.

    Jhw t`e wkter kttklmef t`e akjf wbt` t`e oabtzmrbei hc sek tbfes kjf tbfka wkves, t`e krtbaaery hcsthrns kjf t`e bjckjtry hc rkbjfrhps. V`e wkter frkbjef hcc t`e akjf oklm th t`e sek th kttklm kikbj.V@E \ELHJF ABJE HC JKVU_E'\ AKJF\LKTE FE\BIJ B\ V@E YKVE_-F_KBJKIE ABJE

    Bt bs t`e abje hc t`e wkter lhurses, t`e strekns kjf t`e rbvers.

    @ere bj t`e frkbjkie abjes hc t`e akjf, Jkture nkfe cbrst use hc t`e orkjl`bji kjf ghbjbji pktterjw`bl` oelkne hje hc er ckvhurbtes.

    V`e frkbjbji hc t`e wkter oklm th t`e sek kash fbvbfef t`e akjf surckles bjth wkters`ef reibhjs. V@EV@B_F ABJE HC JKVU_E'\ AKJF\LKTE FE\BIJ B\ V@E YKVE_-FBSBFE ABJE. Bt sepkrktefkaa t`e akjfs hc t`e Ekrt` bjth irekt reibhjs kjf fbvbfef kaa t`e akjf wbt`bj t`en bjth aesser reibhjs.

    V`e kttklm oy wkter hj t`e akjf kjf t`e frkbjbji hc t`e wkter oklm th t`e sek, kbfef oy t`e ht`erchrles hc akjf fbsbjteirktbhj, cks`bhjef kjf sluapturef t`e surckle w`bae nul` hc t`e akjf wks ahst tht`e sek. V`e resuat wks t`e chujfktbhj chr t`e I_EKV _EIBHJKA FE\BIJ HC JKVU_E, kjf chrt`e s`kpes kjf t`e chrns hc t`e akjf.

    V`e irkjf strkteiy hc Jkture wks t`e lrektbhj kjf t`e fepahynejt hc abce th prhtelt t`e akjf crhn t`ekiressbhj hc wkter. V`e nhvenejts hc t`e wkter hver t`e akjf were sahwef fhwj oy t`e shba, t`e irkskjf t`e trees. \ahway t`erekcter t`e jkturka akjfslkpes feveahpef ks t`e abce chrns wbt`bj t`en oelkn

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    junerhus kjf vkrbef. Jkture sbfef wbt` t`e akjf kikbjst t`e wkter th lrekte irekt vkrbety bj abce kjffurkobabty bj @er akjfslkpes.

    * * *

    V@E_E K_E V@_EE \@KTE\ HC AKJF= V@E NKBJ _BFIE, V@E T_BNK_R SKAAER KJFV@E T_BNK_R _BFIE.

    V`e nkbj rbfie bs t`e cbrst akjf s`kpe. Bt lkrrbes t`e wkter-fbvbfe abje kjf bs t`us t`e ohujfkry hc kaat`e reibhjs hc Jkture's akjfslkpe fesbij. Ahhm kt t`e smyabje= bt bs t`e abje hc k nkbj rbfie.

    K nkbj rbfie kanhst surrhujfs t`e lktl`nejt kreks hc t`e irekt rbver systens hc t`e whraf= k nkbjrbfie kanhst surrhujfs t`e lktl`nejts hc every wkter lhurse kjf strekn wbt`bj t`ese reibhjs. V`e'kanhst' bjfblktes t`ere bs k ahw pakle w`ere wkter eslkpes crhn t`e lhjcbjbji reibhj kjf nkbj rbfie,ks bt fhes w`ere twh strekns ghbj kjf w`ere k rbver cahws bjth t`e sek.

    Gust ks kaa t`e ahw pakles wbt`bj t`e irekt reibhjs kre lhjjeltef up oy t`e ghbjbji hc every wkterlhurse, strekn kjf trboutkry rbver th t`e nkbj rbver, sh kash kre kaa t`e `bi`er pakles--t`e rbfies, wbt`

    t`ebr wkter-fbvbfe abjes--lhjjeltef up crhn t`e snkaaest rbfie th t`e akriest nkbj rbfie. V`bs cklt wksvbvbfay fenhjstrktef wbt` k haahw kjf t`bj cbore-iakss nhfea hc kj kltuka akjfslkpe. Y`ej turjefupsbfe fhwj kjf sprkyef wbt` wkter, bt fbslahsef w`kt lhuaf `kve oeej t`e whrmbji nhfea hc kfbccerejt akjfslkpe. V`e vkaaeys kjf rbfies were reversef= t`e strekn lhurses oelkne t`e nkbj rbfiest`e nkbj rbfies oelkne strekn lhurses. V`e `baas oelkne akmes--k akme bs kj upsbfe-fhwj `baa. V`eorkjl`bji kjf ghbjbji pktterj hc t`e rbfies wks laekray fbslahsef.

    Bj Jkture's akjfslkpe fesbij t`e orkjl`bji kjf ghbjbji pktterj hc t`e twh wkter abjes--t`e frkbjkieabjes kjf t`e wkter-fbvbfe abjes--kre bjtertwbjef. Vhiet`er t`ey chrn kj kanhst jever-ejfbjibjteraklbji, yet t`e twh fbccerejt wkter abjes fh jht thul` ekl` ht`er. V`ey fbslahse t`e kjkthny hc t`e

    akjfslkpe.

    V`e wkter frkbjkie abjes kre hovbhus bj t`e wkter lhurses, t`e lreems, t`e strekns kjf t`e rbvers. V`wkter-fbvbfe abjes hc t`e rbfies kre jht sh rekfbay seej.

    Vh baaustrkte t`e wkter-fbvbfe abje kjf th exknbje t`e s`kpes hc t`e akjf, bnkibje we stkjf oetweejtwh lreems w`ere t`ey ghbj hj t`e laekref kjf ujfuaktbji akjf hc k ckrn. Ye turj hut oklms hj t`egujltbhj kjf wkam up-`baa kwky crhn bt chaahwbji t`e `bi`est akjf oetweej t`e lreems= t`e akjf wbfejhut ks we ih. Ye kre wkambji kahji t`e lrest hc k nkbj rbfie--hj k wkter-fbvbfe abje--out we lkjjhtsee bt. Bc bt were rkbjbji `ekvbay we lhuaf see bt. V`e rkbj wkter whuaf oe cahwbji kwky crhn t`e wkte

    fbvbfe abje bj oht` fbreltbhjs, shne th cahw th t`e lreem hj hur aect, t`e rest th t`e lreem hj hur rbi`t.Evejtukaay t`e wkter whuaf ghbj up kjf cahw thiet`er kt t`e gujltbhj we aect oe`bjf us.

    V`e lrest abje hc k rbfie kjf t`e wkter-fbvbfe abje kre syjhjynhus. V`e lejtre hc k rhkf kjf t`e rbfihc k rhhc kre wkter-fbvbfe abjes= wkter cahws bj hpphsbte fbreltbhjs crhn oht`.

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    Crhn t`e nkbj rbfie t`e twh lreems kre bj vbew. V`e sbfes hc t`e nkbj rbfie sahpe nhre hr aessujbchrnay th t`e lreems oeahw. Skaaeys chrn bjth t`e sbfes hc t`e nkbj rbfie. V`ey kre jknef prbnkryvkaaeys. V`e sbfe sahpes hc t`e nkbj rbfie aect stkjfbji, ks bt were, hj ekl` sbfe hc t`ese vkaaeys krekash lkaaef 'prbnkry'--prbnkry rbfies.

    V`ere wbaa oe k cew hr nkjy prbnkry vkaaeys kjf prbnkry rbfies oeahjibji th ekl` nkbj rbfie. \bjlt`e prbnkry vkaaey `ks k prbnkry rbfie hj oht` sbfes hc bt, t`ere bs kawkys hje nhre prbnkry rbfie t`kjt`ere kre prbnkry vkaaeys bj kjy nkbj rbfie systen.

    V`e prbnkry vkaaey bs t`e snkaaest hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc akjf. Bt bs t`e cbrst vkaaey kjf t`e hjay truevkaaey s`kpe bj t`e akjfslkpe. V`e sh-lkaaef vkaaeys hc strekns kjf rbvers kre bj rekabty, wkters`efkreks--Jkture's reibhjs--kjf t`ey lhjtkbj oht` prbnkry rbfies kjf prbnkry vkaaeys.

    V`e prbnkry vkaaey `ks k spelbka s`kpe. V`e stkrt hc t`e vkaaey kt t`e thp ejf bs t`e steepest sahpe bjt`e akjfslkpe. V`bs cbrst steep sahpe kt t`e `ekf hc t`e vkaaey bs s`hrt, t`ej t`e sahpe l`kjies th k cakttekjf ahjier sahpe w`bl` extejfs th t`e lreem oeahw.

    B jknef t`e phbjt hc sahpe-l`kjie bj t`e prbnkry vkaaey, t`e Meyphbjt. K lhjthur abje krhujf kjf

    klrhss t`e vkaaey crhn sbfe th sbfe t`hui` t`bs phbjt bs t`e Meyabje hc t`e vkaaey. HJAR K T_BNK_RSKAAER @K\ K MERABJE.

    V`e prbnkry vkaaey lhaaelts bts wkter hjay crhn rbfies= crhn t`e nkbj rbfie hut hc w`bl` bt wks ohrjkjf crhn t`e prbnkry rbfies hj ebt`er sbfe hc bt. Ykter cahws fhwj t`e prbnkry vkaaey w`ej bt bsrkbjbji. Bt bs t`e cbrst wkter lhurse th lekse cahwbji kcter t`e rkbj.

    Bj t`e wbfe kirbluaturka kreks t`e prbnkry vkaaey wks irkssef hver kjf hc k snhht` rhujfef oef,fhwj w`bl` t`e ruj-hcc wkters crhn rkbjckaa cahwef--t`kt wks oechre sh nkjy oelkne erhfef bjthiutters kjf iuaaeys, th oaeef t`e nhbsture crhn t`e surrhujfbji akjf.

    V`e prbnkry rbfie bs t`e akriest hc t`e bjfbvbfuka s`kpes hc t`e akjf. Oelkuse t`ere kre nkjy nhreprbnkry rbfies t`kj nkbj rbfies kjf oelkuse t`e prbnkry vkaaeys kre t`e snkaaest s`kpe, t`e prbnkryrbfies bjlaufe nhre hc t`e akjf surckle t`kj t`e ht`er twh s`kpes lhnobjef.

    Crhn t`e lrest abje hc t`e nkbj rbfie bt wbaa oe pakbj th see t`kt t`e nkbj rbfie bs jht aevea hr evejujbchrnay rbsbji. Bt nky fepkrt crhn bts iejerka rbse kjf fbp fhwj, t`ej rbse kikbj. V`e ahw pakle bs kskffae bj t`e nkbj rbfie kjf bt hctej s`hws w`ere k prbnkry vkaaey `ks bjtrufef feepay kjf rekl`ef t`lrest abje hc k nkbj rbfie. Y`ej t`e skffae bs feep t`e cbrst steep sahpe hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey nky oeihje. V`e Meyphbjt hc sul` k prbnkry vkaaey bs t`e skffae phbjt.

    K skffae bs k ujbque akjf chrn w`bl` `ks sbijbcblkjle chr akjf pakjjbji. _hkf nkmers nkme use hct`e skffae hc k nkbj rbfie th lrhss hver crhn hje wkters`ef reibhj th t`e jext.

    V`e skffae `ks aect k `bi`er pbele hc akjf stblmbji up hj t`e nkbj rbfie. V`bs akjf chrn bs k `baa. Bthctej `ks k skffae hj ekl` sbfe hc bt.

    V`e t`brf akjf chrn bs fbspakyef bj t`e fepressbhj hc akmes kjf phjfs.

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    Lhjtbjubji kahji t`e lrest hc t`e nkbj rbfie, k pakle bs evejtukaay rekl`ef w`ere bt kppekrs th ih twwkys, ks bjfeef bt fhes. Vh t`e aect t`e nkbj rbfie lhjtbjues th kanhst surrhujf t`e lreem hj hur aectkjf t`e rbi`t orkjl` ihes hj th kanhst surrhujf t`e lreem hj hur rbi`t. Out t`e nkbj rbfies hc t`ewkters`ef reibhjs hc t`e twh lreems `kve jhw ghbjef up wbt` ht`er nkbj rbfies, w`bl` surrhujf ht`elreems kjf strekns kjf prhvbfe t`e ohujfkrbes chr t`ebr sepkrkte wkters`ef reibhjs. V`ey `kve oelhnk pkrt hc t`e nkbj rbfie systen hc Jkture's fesbij.

    Ekl` hc t`e twh gujltbhjbji lreems `ks bts hwj reibhj ohujfef oy t`e lrest abje hc bts hwj nkbj

    rbfie. V`ese reibhjs t`us bjlaufe kaa t`e akjf crhn w`bl` rkbj ruj-hcc wkter cahws th ekl` lreem. V`eakjf lhvers t`e hje sbfe hc t`e surrhujfbji nkbj rbfie w`bl` sahpes thwkrfs t`e lreem kjf t`e serbes prbnkry vkaaeys kjf prbnkry rbfies w`bl` abmewbse ckaa crhn t`e sbfe hc t`e nkbj rbfie th t`e lreemoeahw. V`bs bs t`e oksbl, t`e sbjiae, V@E UJBV-_EIBHJ HC V@E AKJF. Bt nky lhjtkbj hjay `kac ksqukre nbae hr nkjy squkre nbaes.

    V`e nkbj rbfie w`bl` stkrtef oetweej t`e lreems kt t`e gujltbhj, fbvbfes, kjf t`e twh orkjl`esoelhne wbfeay sepkrktef oechre t`ey lhne lahser thiet`er kt t e sbjiae strekn oeahw t`e gujltbhj hct`e twh lreems. V`bs nkbj rbfie wbt`hut t`e orkjl` oetweej t`e lreems bs t`us t`e ohujfkry hc k akriereibhj--k twbj reibhj--w`bl` bjlaufes t`e twh sbjiae ujbt-reibhjs hc t`e twh lreems. Bj abme nkjjer ka

    t`e reibhjs hc Jkture expkjf bj junoers hc ujbt-reibhjs wbt`bj t`en, w`ere ekl` akrier reibhj `ks btshwj nkbj rbfie, up th t`e akriest reibhj hc Jkture. Bt nky lhjtkbj `kac k nbaabhj squkre nbaes kjfenorkle t`e ejtbre wkters`ef reibhj hc t`e irekt rbver.

    V`bs bs t`e akjfslkpe fesbij hc Jkture. Bt bs repektef ejfaessay th lhver t`e akjf surckle hc t`e Ekrt`Out w`kt bs t`e purphse hc t`bs fesbij8

    V`e purphse hc Jkture's akjfslkpe fesbij nust sureay oe t`e prhteltbhj hc t`e akjf crhn t`e kttklm ht`e wkters. V`e wkterabje fesbij kjf t`e akjf s`kpes kppekr th oe fesbijef chr jh ht`er purphse t`kjth iet rbf hc wkter ks qublmay ks phssboae. V`e s`kpes hc t`e akjf rekl` t`e koshaute bj eccblbejly chr

    kl`bevbji t`bs hogeltbve.

    V`e `krnhjy hc t`e akjfslkpe `ks oeej prhfulef hver kehjs hc tbne oy t`e evhautbhj, bjterkltbhjkjf cusbhj hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc akjf.

    V@E @K_NHJR HC TU_E FE\BIJ BJ V@E AKJF\LKTE\ HC JKVU_E B\ V@E _E\UAV HAKJF'\ AHJI OKVVAE KIKBJ\V YKVE_'\ LHJ\VKJV LHNNKJF--"LHNE OKLM VHV@E \EK."

    V`e evhautbhj hc t`e fesbij hc Jkture hj t`e nkjy kjf vkrbef iehahiblka strultures oeahw t`e surck

    hc t`e akjf, `ks prhvbfef t`e jkturka akjfslkpes wbt` l`krklter kjf vkrbety. Out t`ere bs `bffej bj t`et`ree s`kpes hc akjf--t`e nkbj rbfie, t`e prbnkry vkaaey kjf t`e prbnkry rbfie--shnet`bji nhre th kfth t`e whjfer hc t`e akjfslkpe fesbij hc Jkture= chr ekl` hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc akjf t`ere bs k ujbquekjf lhjstkjt iehnetry w`bl` bs fbslahsef bj t`ebr lhjthurs kjf w`bl` wbaa s`hrtay oe revbewef. Bjlhnobjktbhj wbt` t`ebr fept`s, aejit`s kjf wbft`s, t`ere bs ejfaess vkrbety. Out nuatbpabef oy t`eeccelts hc t`e prhcusbhj hc labnktes, vkrbety kpprhkl`es bjcbjbty. Ret hur nkj-nkfe akjfslkpes sh hcterecaelt hjay nhjhthjy kjf ohrefhn.

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    L@KTVE_ CHU_

    V`e AkjfslkpeFesbij hc Jkture

    (?)

    V@E IEHNEV_R HC \@KTE\ KJF CH_N\

    V`e lhjthur abjes hc Jkture's seks kjf akmes `kve oeej ohrrhwef kjf kre usef ks k fevble oy t`enkjy prhcessbhjs lhjlerjef wbt` akjf-use, sh ks th baaustrkte bj k prkltblka kjf kllurkte nkjjer hjpkper, t`e s`kpes kjf t`e chrns hc akjf surckles.

    K lhjthur abje surrhujfs t`e akjf. K lhjthur abje surrhujfs t`e wkter--hc akmes kjf phjfs. V`e wkt

    abje krhujf k swbnnbji phha hr k okt` kre lhjthur abjes.

    Chr t`e purphse hc baaustrktbji akjf hj pkper, t`e abjes kre usef hj 'lhjthur' nkps w`ere t`ebjfbvbfuka lhjthur abjes s`hw w`ere t`e akjf bs t`e skne `ebi`t ks bjfblktef oy t`e lhjthurs. V`e abjekre paklef th s`hw set vertblka fbstkjles oeahw ekl` ht`er, sul` ks hje chht hr tej ceet.

    Hj k nkp t`e `bi`est lhjthur abje bs paklef ks bc kaa t`e lhjthur abjes w`bl` bjfblkte ahwer akjf, weujfer t`e wkter hc kj bnkibjkry akme kjf t`bs cbrst lhjthur abje wks pkrt hc t`e s`hreabje hc t`e akme hrhc kj bsakjf bj t`e akme. V`e jext lhjthur abje hc t`e nkp, sky tej ceet vertblkaay ahwer t`kj t`e thp abjbs kikbj pkrt hc t`e s`hreabje w`ej t`e wkter hc t`e akme `ks frhppef tej ceet--kjf sh hj fhwjwkrfs.

    V`e lhjthur abjes hj k nkp s`hw t`e s`kpes kjf t`e chrns hc t`e akjf kjf t`e phsbtbhjs kjfreaktbhjs`bps hc wkter lhurses kjf phjfs. V`ey s`hw kash `hw wkter wbaa oe`kve kjyw`ere hj t`eakjf, oelkuse t`e jkturka pkt` hc wkter cahwbji hver t`e surckle bs kawkys kt rbi`t kjiaes th t`elhjthurs hc t`e akjf. V`bs jkturka pkt` hc wkter bs t`e steepest kjf ckstest rhute, out bt bs jever k strkbiabje= bt kawkys chrns k cakt \ lurve crhn rbfie th vkaaey.

    V`e nkbj rbfie bs t`e thp hc t`e akjf, t`e oklmohje kjf t`e hutabje hc t`e akjfslkpe. Ahhm kikbj ktt`e smyabje!

    V`e lhjthur fbkirkn hc t`e nkbj rbfie fbspakys t`e lhjthurs ks k serbes hc eahjiktef ahhps, hjehutsbfe t`e ht`er fhwjwkrfs, wbt` t`e fbstkjle crhn ahhp th ahhp wbfer kt t`e lrest abje hc t`e nkbjrbfie kjf jkrrhwer easew`ere.

    V`e `ekf hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey bjtrufes bjth t`bs lhjthur pktterj hc t`e nkbj rbfie w`ere pkrt hc klhjthur abje swbjis bj lahser th t`e lhjthur abje kohve. V`e l`kjie hc pktterj s`hws t`e cbrst sahpe ktt`e `ekf hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey th oe steeper t`kj t`e jekroy sahpe hc t`e nkbj rbfie.

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    V`e eahjiktef ahhp pktterj hc t`e nkbj rbfies l`kjies th k serbes hc caktter ahhp pktterjs hc t`eprbnkry rbfies oetweej t`e lahser thiet`er lhjthurs kt t`e `ekf hc t`e prbnkry vkaaeys. V`e ahhppktterj hc t`e prbnkry rbfie lhjthurs kpprhkl` nhre t`e s`kpe hc t`e krls hc k lbrlae t`kj t`e `kbr-pbjabme ahhps hc t`e nkbj rbfie. V`e lhjthurs kre wbfest kpkrt kt t`e lejtre hr fbvbfe abje hc t`e prbnkryrbfie kjf jkrrhwest kt t`e `ekf hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey.

    V`e prbnkry vkaaey `ks twh sahpes w`bl` l`kjie crhn steep th nul` caktter kt t`e Meyabje hc t`evkaaey.

    Kt t`e Meyabje t`e lhjthur pktterj l`kjies. V`e lhjthurs oelhne lahser thiet`er jekr t`e prbnkryvkaaey oechre t`ey hpej hut th fbspaky t`e caktter sahpe hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey oeahw t`e Meyabje. V`ejt`ey lhjverie kikbj hj t`e ht`er sbfe hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey th hpej hut kikbj th fbspaky t`e jextprbnkry rbfie s`kpe. K abje t`rhui` t`e lhjthurs, ghbjbji t e phbjts hc irektest lhjveriejle hj ekl`sbfe hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey, nkrms t`e ohujfkry oetweej vkaaey kjf rbfie s`kpe.

    V`bs lhnobjef lhjthur pktterj hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc t`e akjf nky l`kjie kikbj jekr t`e lreemoeahw, oy t`e lhjthurs lhnbji lahser thiet er jekr t`e lejtre hc t`e prbnkry rbfie kjf oebji wbferkpkrt bj t`e prbnkry vkaaey. V`bs jew pktterj bjfblktes t`kt t`e prbnkry rbfie `ks 'jhsef hver' gust

    kohve bts ahwer ohujfkry--t`e lreem oeahw.

    V`e akjf chrns hc `baa, skffae kjf phjf kash `kve t`ebr lhjthur pktterjs. Bc t`ere bs k skffae bj t`enkbj rbfie kt t`e aevea, sky, hc t`e selhjf lhjthur, t`e twh thp lhjthurs wbaa oe eahjiktef hvkas thfbspaky t`e `baa hj t`e nkbj rbfie. Jekr t`e skffae t`ey nky oe lahser thiet`er hr shnetbnes curt`erkpkrt. K skffae phbjt bs kawkys hj t`e lrest abje (wkter-fbvbfe abje) hc k rbfie. K skffae phbjt lkj oe,hj bbbbbbhllksbhjs, t`e Meyphbjt hc k prbnkry vkaaey hr nhre hctej oe kt t`e thp hc t`e cbrst steep sahpehc k prbnkry vkaaey. K `baa hj k prbnkry rbfie wbaa `kve t`e skne lahsef lhjthurs, ekl` hutsbfe t`eht`er, out wbt` t`e hvka chrn aess prhjhujlef hr ihje kathiet`er.

    Crhn k skffae phbjt, lhjthurs ih chur wkys. Bc t`ere bs kjht`er skffae kt t`e skne `ebi`t hr ahwer,t`e lhjthurs ghbj up kjf chrn k cbiure 0.

    V`e lhjthur fbkirkn hc k phjf fbspakys t`e skne pktterj ks chr k `baa, out t`e bjsbfe lhjthur bs t`eahwest abje kjf t`e hutsbfe lhjthur, t`e `bi`est.

    \bjle t`e nkbj rbfie rbses bjth t`e rbsbji lhujtry thwkrfs t`e `ekf hc t`e wkters`ef, t`e `ebi`t hc t`Meyabjes hc t`e serbes hc prbnkry vkaaeys tejf th `kve k rbsbji reaktbhjs`bp kash.

    V`e lreem bs t`e ahwer ohujfkry hc bts trboutkry prbnkry vkaaeys kjf hc t`e prbnkry rbfies hj ekl`

    sbfe hc t`e prbnkry vkaaeys.

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    V`e lhjthur nkp `ks lhjthurs kt ?4 ceet vertblka bjtervkas. Bt s`hws k phrtbhj hc knkbj rbfie, twh prbnkry vkaaeys, twh prbnkry rbfies kjf pkrt hc k t`brf, kjf t`elreem oeahw.

    _uj-hcc wkter crhn rkbjckaa hj t`e nkbj rbfie kjf t`e `bi`er pkrts hc t`e prbnkry rbfies, cahws th t`prbnkry vkaaey oy t`e steepest pkt` kjf t e ckstest rhute. V`e pktterj hc cahw bs kt rbi`t kjiaes th t`elhjthurs. V`e lhjthur fbkirkn baaustrktes t`kt t`e steepest sahpes hc akjf kre bj t`e prbnkry vkaaeykohve t`e Meyabje. V`e lhjthurs s`hw kash t`kt t`e ruj-hcc crhn rkbj lhjveries crhn t`e steep `ekf ht`e prbnkry vkaaey th lhjlejtrkte kt t`e Meyphbjt. V`erechre t`e stkobabty kjf pernkjejle hc t`ejkturka akjfslkpes fepejf akrieay hj t`e certbabty kjf t`us t`e strejit` hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey th resbstt`e chrle hc cahwbji wkter.

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    V`e fbkirkn `ks lhjthurs kt ;4 ceet vertblka bjtervkas. Bt baaustrktes t`e pktterj hcwkter cahw. V`e prbnkry vkaaey s`kpe bs prhphrtbhjkteay akrier chr t`e skme hc

    lakrbty.

    Upper7 V`e cahw pkt`s hc ruj-hcc wkter crhn t`e prbnkry rbfies th t`e prbnkryvkaaeys kre cakt \ lurve.

    Ahwer7 Fepblts hje cahw pkt` th baaustrkte t`e bjlreksbji vhaune hc cahw crhn t`elejtre hc t`e prbnkry rbfie th t`e prbnkry vkaaey.

    V`e lhnobjef lhjthur fbkirkn hc t`e akjf baaustrktes curt`er, t`e pkrknhujt eccblbejly hc Jkture'sakjfslkpe fesbij chr iettbji rbf hc wkter qublmay.

    Bc yhu ahhm chr k prbnkry vkaaey bj t`e lbty yhu nky jht relhijbse bt sh eksbay. Bt `ks oeej fbsiubsefoy oebji hverahhmef kjf oy hur efulktbhj w`bl` bijhres bt. Evej bc yhu ahhm kt k prbnkry vkaaey bj t`laekref lhujtrysbfe yhu wbaa jht see t`e Meyabje, ujaess k ckrner `ks nkrmef bt wbt` k wkter l`kjjea h`ks fbslahsef bt wbt` t`e wkter abje hc k ckrn fkn. Out yhu nky fbslerj t`e. Meyphbjt w`ere t`e twhsahpes hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey neet.

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    Bc yhu fh ih hut bj t`e lhujtry kjf cbjf t`e Meyphbjt hc k prbnkry vkaaey kjf stkjf t`ere, yhu wbaasee t`e cknbay pakle hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc akjf w`ere t`ey neet= yhu nky ahhm upwkrfs kjf see V@EKNT@BV@EKV_E HC V@E AKJF\LKTE. Bc t`bs pakle were cbaaef wbt` pehpae, yhu whuaf oe t`elejtre hc kaa eyes--t`e lejtre hc t`e stkie. Bj t`e skne wky, bc k s`eet hc wkter cahwef crhn kaa krhujft`e `bi`est tber hc t`e t`ektre, yhu whuaf lhp t`e aht.

    V`e cujltbhjs hc t`e prbnkry vkaaeys bj t`e akjfslkpe `kve oeej hverahhmef oy t`hse w`h wereresphjsboae chr fevbsbji t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpes hc nkj--wbt` hje exleptbhj. Oy kllbfejt hr o

    bjstbjlts feveahpef crhn ahji kjf bjtbnkte ksshlbktbhj wbt` akjf, k cew ckrnbji cknbabes kvebnprhvef kjf strejit`ejef t`e prbnkry vkaaeys. Bj fhbji sh t`ey bjlreksef t`e certbabty kjf t`efurkobabty hc t`ebr ckrnslkpe.

    V`ere kre t`us spelbka l`krklterbstbls fbslahsef oy Jkture's akjfslkpe fesbij chr lhjsbferktbhj w`ejwe kttenpt th superbnphse hj t`en t`e spelbka purphse

    akjfslkpes chr hurseaves. V`ere bs t`e eccblbejly hc t`e s`kpes hc akjf chr iettbji rbf hc wkter kjf t`hjay wky wkter bs retkbjef chr t`e oejecbt hc t`e akjf, oy oebji sahwef fhwj kjf shne hc bt oebjisthref oy t`e shba, t`e irkss kjf t`e trees--oy kaa t`e abce bj t`e akjfslkpe. V`ej t`e wkter w`bl` ckaas k

    rkbj hj kaa t`e rbfies, w`bl` hllupy sh. nul` hc t`e akjf, cahws ks ruj-hcc th lhjlejtrkte bj t`eprbnkry vkaaeys w`bl` kre sh abttae hc t`e akjf surckle= yet t`e vkaue hc akjf--rurka akjf bj Kustrkabklertkbjay--bs ks `bi` ks 04% k wkter vkaue.

    Ykter cahws crhn ckrnbji akjf bj t`e skne eccblbejt nkjjer ks bt fhes crhn t`e jkturka akjfslkpes.V`erechre nul` wkter pksses wbt`hut oebji usef ecceltbveay bj t`e akjfslkpe. JKVU_KA YK\VET_HFULV\ C_HN TAKJV\ KJF KJBNKA\ KJF C_HN K_VBCBLBKA \UO\VKJLE\ U\EFHJ V@E CK_N, K_E _U\@EF VH V@E YKVE_ LHU_\E\ VH THAAUVE V@E LHNNHJYKVE_\ HC V@E AKJF KJF V@E \EK\. V`bs type hc phaautbhj, w`ej bt fhes jht lhjtkbj krtbcblbksuostkjles, bs jknef Trbnbtbve Thaautbhj.

    V`e jkturka akjfslkpes `kf lhne th terns wbt` t`e wkter. K stkte hc okakjle exbstef w`bl` wks bjkllhrf wbt` t`e knhujt hc wkter kvkbakoae th t`e akjf. Y`ere t`e rkbjckaa wks `bi` kjf reabkoae, rkbjchrests kf feveahpef= w`ere t`e rkbjckaa wks nhferkte kjf bts bjlbfejle aess reabkoae, t`e irkssakjfs jkture were chujf. Y`ej t`e nkj-nkfe akjfslkpes hc ckrn kjf lbty were bnphsef hj t`hse hc jkturet`e okakjle hc t`e ksshlbktbhj hc akjf kjf wkter wks l`kjief. V`e cahw hc wkter hcc t`e akjf wksspeefef-up, bjstekf hc oebji sahwef fhwj.

    Bt bs evbfejt t`kt akjfslkpe fesbij nust cbrstay oe lhjlerjef wbt` wkter th (;), th lhjtrha phsbtbveaykjf th use nhre ecceltbveay t`e wkter w`bl` cahws crhn t`e akjf th t`e wkter lhurses kjf (?), th

    bnprhve hj hr l`kjie t`e pktterj hc oe`kvbhur hc wkter w`bl` ckaas hj t`e rbfie s`kpes.

    V`e fesbij w`bl` kl`beves t`e hptbnun lhjtrha kjf oejecblbka use hc wkter chr t`e feveahpnejt hc`bi` certbabty, eccblbejly kjf okakjle chr t`e ckrnslkpe, wbaa oe t`e ahiblka fesbij chr thwjslkpe kjflbtyslkpe kjf chr kaa t`e spelbka purphses akjfslkpes hc nkj. Kjf t`e lhjtrha kjf oetter use hc wkter bt`e cbrst kjswer chr t`e lhjtrha kjf cbjka eabnbjktbhj hc phaautbhj.

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    V`e abce bj t`e akjfslkpe hc Jkture wks prbjlbpkaay k prhless hc sahway nhvbji wkter7 evej hur hwjohfbes kre 94% wkter. Jkture sahwef fhwj t`e wkter, wbt` t`e abce hc t`e akjfslkpe. \ureay t`e jextstep w`bl` bs up th us bs th lhjtrha kjf th use every frhp hc wkter oechre bt rekl`es t`e strekns kjf t`erbvers, chr t`e kiirkjfbsenejt hc kaa t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpes hc nkj.

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    L@KTVE_ CBSE

    V`e Crkinejt Oetweej

    V`e akjfslkpe fesbij hc Jkture `ks oeej exknbjef hj ujfuaktbji akjf, out t`e fesbij kjf t`e s`kpekjf t`e chrns hc t`e akjf kre t`ere bj t`e 'cakt' lhujtry. V`e s`kpes kjf chrns nky jht kawkys oe

    bfejtbcbef oy t`e jkmef eye, yet t`e nkrmbji bj hc lhjthurs hj t`e akjf wbt` t`e kbf hc k aeveaabjibjstrunejt kjf nkjy peis, wbaa laekray fbslahse t`en.

    V`ej t`ere bs t`e prbnhrfbka akjfslkpe wbt` bts vbstks hc nhujtkbj lrkis kjf lkps kjf pkjhrknks hclabccs kjf l`ksns w`ere t`e `krf iehahiblka strultures oeahw kppekr th `kve t`rust t`rhui` t`eakjfslkpe. V`ere nky oe hjay k t`bj shba `ere kjf t`ere w`bl` supphrts k cew pktl`es hc slruo hrslktteref trees knhji t`e rhlms, Evej bj t`bs `krs` kjiuakr akjf t`ere wbaa oe t`e wkter-fbvbfe abjes hct`e nkbj rbfies kjf t`e frkbjkie abjes hc t`e wkter lhurses, kaa twbstef kjf obzkrre. Ybt` t`e rhlmychujfktbhjs hc t`e prbnkry vkaaeys kjf prbnkry rbfies, t`ere wbaa oe t`e rhui` akjf chrns hc skffae,`baa kjf phjf.

    V`e wbjf `ks bjtervejef bj t`e okttae hc wkter kjf t`e akjf. V`e sbijs hc bts vblthrbes kre t`e `baachrns bj vkaaeys w`bl` `kve lrektef nkjy skffae chrns kjf phjf chrns w`bl` nky jht `haf wkter.Y`ere t`e strultures oeahw kre prevbhus kjf hj t`e strbps hc fujeakjfs, Jkture's frkbjkie abjes kveoeej hoabterktef, Out w`ere wkter `ks nkfe ihhf bts retrekt th t`e sek th kttklm kikbj bj rkbj kjf `ksre-estkoabs`ef t`e frkbjkie abjes, t`e wbjf kjf t`e wkter kve cks`bhjef akjfslkpes hc spkrmabjivkrbety. V`ere kre hllksbhjka cahhf pakbjs w`ere feepay cahwbji wkter ks cks`bhjef akjfslkpes abmet`hse hc t`e fujeakjfs--hc nkjy `baa, skffae kjf phjf chrns.

    V@E_E K_E C_KINEJV\ BJ V@E AKJF\LKTE. V`ey `kve irekt bnphrtkjle out kre jht

    kawkys hc t`e t`ree s`kpes hc t`e akjf. V`ese crkinejts kre akjf w`bl` bs lhveref wbt` wkter shne hct`e tbne. Cbrstay, t`ere kre t`e kreks oetweej t`e tbfes. V`bs bs akjf kt ahw tbfe kjf wkter kt `bi` tbfe.\elhjfay, t`ere kre t`e cahhf pakbjs hc strekns kjf rbvers. V`bs bs akjf chr nhst hc t`e tbne kjfoelhnes wkter hjle ekl` yekr hver nkjy pkrts hc t`e whraf. Bj Kustrkabk bt bs fbccerejt7 t`e wekt`erpktterjs fh jht prhfule t`e reiuakr kjjuka cahhfbjis. Hj t`e ht`er kjf t`e cahhf pakbj hc t`e@kwmesoury _bver, jekr \yfjey bj Jew \hut` Ykaes, wks lhveref oy wkter sbx tbnes bj cbve weems b;25;.

    V`bs akjf-wkter hr wkter-akjf s`huaf oe mept bjvbhakte crhn wrhjicua bjtrusbhjs. Vhwjs kjfoubafbjis hr sthlm lkre lejtres s`huaf jht bjtrufe. Vhwjs were nhvef hcc t`bs pkrtbluakr cahhf pakbj o

    Ihverjhr Nklqukrbe bj ;0;4. V`ey kre mjhwj thfky ks t`e Nklqukrbe thwjs--_bl`nhjf, Ybjfshr,Ybaoerchrle, Tbtt-thwj kjf Lkstaereki`.

    V`ese crkinejts kre t`e t`blmejbji hc t`e vbtka lhjtklt abjes hc wkter kjf t`e akjf. V`ey kre, ks btwere, kfhref kjf lhurtef oy ekl` hc t`e kjtkihjbsts bj t`e okttae hc wkter kjf akjf. Bt bs kawkys t`ecrhjt abje, t`e crkinejt oetweej, t`e pbele bj t`e nbffae--out bt nust jht oe k jh-nkj's akjf. Bt s`huafoe l`erbs`ef kjf mept chr t e akjfslkpe.

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    V`rhui` kaa `bsthry nkj `ks okttaef nkj kjf baahiblkaay chui`t wbt` Jkture hver t`ese vbtka wkterabjes. Jhw nkjmbjf kt akst s`huaf kpprelbkte t`kt t`e lhjtklt abje hc wkter kjf akjf `ks oelhne `bsokttae abje hc survbvka.

    Ret bj kaa t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpes hc nkj, t`e nhvenejt hc t`e wkter hcc t`e akjf `ks oeejspeefef up bjstekf hc oebji lhjtrhaaef kjf sahwef fhwj. Ykter nhves ckster hcc t`e ckrns t`kj bt fbfcrhn t`e chrner jkturka akjfslkpes, w`bae t`e ckrns lkrry nhre kjbnkas t`kt prhvbfe wkste prhfultsw`bl` kre wks`ef th t`e strekns kjf phaaute t`en. _kbjckaa ruj-hcc wkter rus`es crhn t`e rhhcef kjf

    pkvef kreks hc t`e lbty kjf wkste wkter bs ahst qublmay wbt`hut reuse.

    Thaautef wkter s`huaf jht oe kaahwef th lrhss t`ese vbtka abjes th festrhy t`e skjltbty hc t`e lhnnhjwkters hc t`e akjf kjf th upset t`e irekt okakjlbji nefbun hc ekrt`ay abce--t`e seks.

    Bj t`e fesbij chr t`e ejvbrhjnejt suonbttef bj chaahwbji l`kpters, t`e wkter w`bl` cbjkaay nhves hct`e akjf surckle cahws cbrst t`rhui` t`e strbp chrests hc t`e ckrn kjf irkzbji akjfs= kjf crhn t`e thwjskjf lbtbes, t`rhui` t`e Lbty Chrests--w`ere t`e wkter bs laekjsef kjf relhjstbtutef.

    Y`ej t`e jktbhjs hc t`e whraf kiree--ks t`ey nust fh--th prhtelt t`e vbtka abje hc akjf's lhjtklt wbt`

    wkter t`e okttae hc phaautbhj wbaa oe qublmay whj kjf t`ere wbaa shhj enerie akjfslkpes hc ujpkrkaaeaeccblbejly kjf oekuty.

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    L@KTVE_ \BP

    Fesbij chr Ejvbrhjnejt

    Bc t`ere `kf oeej jh prbnkry vkaaeys t`ere whuaf oe jh prbnkry rbfies kjf t`e nkbj rbfie whuaf oet`e hjay s`kpe bj t`e akjfslkpe kjf stretl` crhn lreem th lreem kjf t`e lreems whuaf oe bts ohujfkrbe

    Out t`e bjtrusbhj, sh th spekm, hc prbnkry vkaaeys bjth t`bs hje nkssbve nkbj rbfie s`kpe, ikve t`eakjf t`ree s`kpes kjf kssbstef bj nkmbji t`ree akjf chrns. V`e prbnkry vkaaeys prhvbfef `bi`erikt`erbji pakles chr wkter kjf `bi`er sbtes chr sthrbji bt oeahw t`e knp`bt`ektre w`ere t`e t`ree s`kpeujbte kjf w`ere wkter lhjtbjues bts kttklm. V`bs bs t`e pakle w`ere t`e akjfslkpe lkj oe nkfe strhjiet`e chlka phbjt chr bnprhvenejts th oe lkrrbef chrwkrf--t`e Meyphbjt chr akjfslkpe fesbijs.

    V`e hogeltbve hc akjfslkpe fesbij `ks oeej stktef kt t`e ejf hc L`kpter 6, (;) th lhjtrha kjf th usechr t`e oejecbt hc t`e akjfslkpe t`e wkter w`bl`, bj t`e jkturka akjfslkpes kjf bj t`e presejt akjfslkphc nkj, cahws hver t`e surckle hc t`e akjf th t`e wkter lhurses, kjf (?) th bnprhve t`e pktterj hcoe`kvbhur hc wkter w bl` ckaas ks rkbj hj t`e rbfie s`kpes hc t`e akjf, chr t e oejecbt hc t`e akjfslkpeV`e selhjf bs kllhnpabs`ef oy fesbijs chr tel`jbques w`bl` hperkte wbt`bj t`e jew fesbij chr t`eakjfslkpe kjf bs fekat wbt` bj L`kpter ;?, Ykter t`e Chrest.

    V`e cbrst hogeltbve--t`e lhjtrha kjf oetter use hc wkter--bs t`e oksbs hc akjfslkpe fesbij. Bt bs sbnpayt`e kffbtbhj hc twh jew wkter abjes th t`e akjfslkpe fesbij hc Jkture.

    V`e cbrst wkter abje bs chr t`e oetter lhjtrha hc wkter, t`e selhjf bs chr t`e bnprhvef use hc wkter.

    Ye stkrt hcc hj k ckrn7 bc t`e krek hc akjf th oe fesbijef `ks k ohujfkry cejle w`bl` ejlahses hjay

    pkrt hc t`e nkbj rbfie kjf hje prbnkry vkaaey kjf bts kfgklejt prbnkry rbfies, t`e cbrst jew wkter abjewhuaf oe paklef sh ks. th fbvert t`e ruj-hcc crhn rkbjckaa hj t`e `bi`er akjf th k sthrkie sbte kt t`eMeyabje hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey. V`bs bs t`e `bi`est sbte chr wkter sthrkie bj t`e `bi`est vkaaey hc t`eakjfslkpe.

    V`e sthrkie fkn bj t`e prbnkry vkaaey bs equbppef wbt` kj hutaet pbpe th reaekse t`e wkter th t`eselhjf jew wkter abje. Bt uses t`e sthref wkter th brrbikte t`e akjf. Kffef th t`bs pakj lkj oe k ahwersthrkie crhn w`bl` wkter whuaf oe punpef up th t`e brrbiktbhj fkn.

    V`e cbrst jew wkter abje bs k fbversbhj l`kjjea th lhjtrha t`e ruj-hcc wkter crhn rkbjckaa= t`e selhjf

    jew wkter abje bs kj brrbiktbhj l`kjjea th wkter t`e akjf. V`e fesbij bs nkfe th subt t`e bnprhvef usehc wkter furbji `ekvy ruj-hcc perbhfs w`bl` prhvbfe wkter oeyhjf t`e koshrptbhj lkpklbty hc t`e (kjfkjf t`e abnbts hc t`e sthrkies, (L`kpter ;?, Ykter t`e Chrest).

    V`ese twh jew wkter abjes kre fbccerejt crhn t`e wkter abjes hc Jkture's akjfslkpe fesbij. Y`erekst`e jkturka frkbjkie abjes kjf wkter-fbvbfe abjes fh jht thul`, t`e jew wkter abjes lrhss hver t`efrkbjkie abje hc t`e prbnkry vkaaey kjf t`e wkter-fbvbfe abje hc t`e prbnkry rbfie. V`ey nky ih hj th

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    lrhss t`e akjf kjf ghbj up severka prbnkry vkaaey frkbjkie abjes kjf prbnkry rbfie fbvbfe abjes. Bj t`eskne nkjjer t`ey lrhss hver t`e wkter-fbvbfe abje hc k nkbj rbfie kjf ghbj up wbt` t`e frkbjkie abje hk lreem hr strekn. V`ey nky t`us lhjjelt up twh hr nkjy ujbt-reibhjs.

    Jhw k lhjlept bs bjtrhfulef w`bl` yekrs kih `eapef shave t`e kut`hr's prhoaen hc fesbijs chr t eckrnslkpe. Lkaaef V@E MERABJE \LKAE HC TE_NKJEJLE, bt bs kj hrfer chr pakjjbji oksef hjt`e reaktbve pernkjejle hc t`e vkrbhus btens w`bl` thiet`er nkme up t`e lhnpaetef akjfslkpe. Bj t`ejext l`kpter t`e lhjlept wbaa oe kppabef th t`e fesbij hc t`e thwj kjf t`e Lbtyslkpe.

    V`bs bs t`e slkae7

    ;. Labnkte.?. Akjf s`kpe.

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    K selhjf zhje bs kffef oy t`e abje hc t`e brrbiktbhj l`kjjea w`bl` abmewbse, wbt` bts servble rhkf,fbvbfes t`e reibhj crhn ejf th ejf. V`e selhjf zhje bs t`us ohujfef oy t`e fbversbhj l`kjjea kohve,t`e brrbiktbhj l`kjjea oeahw, kjf t`e ohujfkry cejle kt hpphsbte ejfs.

    V`e akjf w`bl` lhjtkbjs t`e kreks chr brrbiktbji t`us abes bj kjht`er zhje--t`e t`brf zhje hc t`e akjf.V`bs zhje `ks k ahwer ohujfkry= k l`kjjea= w`bl` lhjtrhas t`e cbjka hvercahw hc wkter w`ej bt bs bjexless hc t`e lkpklbty hc t`e shba kjf t`e sthrkies.

    V`e akjf aybji oetweej t`e ahwer ohujfkry hc t`e brrbiktbhj akjf kjf t`e lreem, bs yet kjht`er zhje,t`e churt` zhje hc t`e akjf.

    V`e chur zhjes, wbt` t`ebr servble rhkfs kre lhjjeltef. V`e sbte chr t`bs rhkf bs kahji t`e fbvbfe-abjehr lejtre abjes, hc t`e hje hr twh akrie prbnkry rbfies bj ekl` ujbt-reibhj. K prbnkry rbfie usukaay `kk nhre hr aess ujbchrn sahpe crhn t`e nkbj rbfie t`rhui` th t`e lreem oeahw.

    V`e systen hc jew wkter abjes kjf t`ebr rhkfs `ks jht hjay kffef chur zhjes th t`e reibhjs hcJkture's akjfslkpe fesbij= bt `ks fbvbfef t`hse zhjes bj ebt`er twh hr bj t`ree pkrts oy t`e hje hr twhrhkfs w`bl` lhjjelt kjf ih t`rhui` t`en. V`bs curt`er fbvbsbhj hc t`e jkturka reibhjs prhvbfes t`e

    oksbs chr t`e lhnpaete suofbvbsbhj hc t`e ckrnslkpe, hr t`e lbtyslkpe--t`e sevejt cklthr hc t e slkae.

    V`e cbct` cklthr hj t`e slkae hc pernkjejle bs trees.

    Vrees kre koshauteay essejtbka chr t`e `ekat`, chr t`e okakjle, chr t`e eccblbejly kjf chr t`ekiirkjfbsenejt hc kaa t`e spelbka purphse akjfslkpes hc nkj. Bc, ks bs skbf, t`ey kre selhjf hjay bjpakle th t`e fbkthns hc t e seks chr t`e suppay hc ktnhsp`erbl hxyiej, t`ej trees kjf nbaabhjs nhretrees kre essejtbka chr t`e thtka ejvbrhjnejt.

    V`ey nust oe pakjtef hr 'aect' bj t`e rbi`t pakles. K pakjt, hr k tree bj t`e wrhji pakle bs k weef.

    Bj t`e ckrnslkpe shne trees wbaa oe ksshlbktef wbt` t`e akyhut hc t`e jew wkter abjes, t`e rhkfs kjft`e cejlbji hc t`e jew zhjes. V`ey kre pakjtef--hr aect bj t`e bjbtbka laekrbji hc akjf--th s`kfe t`e sthlkjf th orekm t`e wbjfs w`bl` fry hut t`e akjf. V`ey prhvbfe bj t`ebr aekc ckaa t`e eaenejts crhn feep-fhwj chr t`e okakjle hc t`e shba. Out bj akjfslkpe fesbij, trees `kve kjht`er kjf spelbka prhvbjle. V`strbp chrests chr t`e ckrn kjf t`e Lbty Chrest chr thwj kjf lbty, prhtelt t`e jkturka frkbjkie abjes kjft`e seks crhn t`e wkste prhfults w`bl` nky renkbj bj t`e wkter t`kt cahws crhn t`e akjf.

    V`e strbp chrests hc t`e ckrnslkpe kre ahlktef prbjlbpkaay bj t`e churt` zhje hc t`e akjf. Kaa wkterw`bl` nky cahw hverakjf crhn t`e t`ree `bi`er zhjes bs fbreltef kuthnktblkaay bjth t`en. V`e wkter b

    koshroef bjth t`e feep shba hc t`e strbp chrests kjf bs laekjef kjf relhjstbtutef oechre bt cahws th t`estrekns. (L`kpter ;;, "\hba kjf Vrees").

    Kaa prbnkry vkaaeys hr per`kps evej nhst hc t`en fh jht phssess subtkoae sbtes chr sthrbji wkter ktt`ebr Meyabjes= t`e s`kpe hc t`e vkaaey nust `kve elhjhnbl kjf prkltblka sbijbcblkjle chr t`e purphse.Bc t`ree prbnkry vkaaeys hc t`e serbes bj t`e hje nkbj rbfie systen `kve ihhf sthrkie s`kpes, t`eset`ree vkaaeys ihverj t`e phsbtbhj hc t`e fbversbhj l`kjjea. Oelkuse nkbj rbfies `kve k iejerka rbse

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    thwkrf t`e thp hc t`e reibhj, t`e prbnkry vkaaeys tejf th `kve k prhiressbveay rbsbji reaktbhjs`bp. Bj t`hpphsbte fbreltbhj--wbt` t`e ckaa hc t`e lreem--bt bs k ckbabji reaktbhjs`bp. V`e ebi`ts hc t`e Meyabjes ht`e seaeltef prbnkry vkaaeys kre feternbjef sh t`kt t`e hje fbversbhj l`kjjea nky ckaa th t`e cbrststhrkie sbte kjf lhjtbjue oeyhjf bt th lhjjelt up wbt` t`e ht`er twh sbtes. Bj t`bs wky t`e hvercahwwkter crhn t`e `bi`est sthrkie fkn chaahws t`e fbversbhj l`kjjea th `eap cbaa t`e fkns curt`er hjfhwj. Bj abme nkjjer t`e selhjf jew wkter abje--t`e brrbiktbhj l`kjjea--lhjjelts up crhn fkn th fknY`ej t`ere bs nhre wkter th oe stkref kjf nhre sbtes jeefef chr sthrbji bt, t`e fbversbhj l`kjjea kjft`e brrbiktbhj l`kjjea kre repektef kjf lhjjelt up t`e jew sthrkies ahwer fhwj bj t`e prbnkry vkaaey

    Whjes twh kjf t`ree kre t`ej repektef kohve zhje chur.

    V`e lhujtrysbfe `ks jht oeej fbvbfef kahji t`e jkturka wkter-fbvbfe abjes hr kllhrfbji th t`e ujbt-reibhjs, t`e twbj reibhjs kjf t`e akrier reibhjs hc Jkture. Ohujfkry abjes hc ckrns iejerkaay lut klrhjkturka ujbt-reibhjs sbjle sh nkjy `kve oeej feternbjef wbt` k strkbi`t-efie hj pkper. Akjfslkpefesbij bs jht sbnpay k nktter th oe kppabef hjay wbt`bj t`e ohujfkrbes hc t`e reibhjs hc Jkture'ssuofbvbsbhjs hc t`e akjf, out wbt`bj ohujfkry cejles. Chr bjstkjle, t`e `bi`er ohujfkry hc k ckrn nkystkrt hj k nkbj rbfie kjf fbvbfe k ujbt-reibhj oy lrhssbji hver k lreem kjf t`e nkbj rbfie hj t`e ht`esbfe, kjf nky bjlaufe t`e `ekf kjf hje `kac hc t`e jext ujbt-reibhj. V`e prhperty nky karekfy `kve kihhf ohujfkry cejle, nkjy suofbvbsbhj cejles, k sthlm fkn bj ekl` pkffhlm, rhkfs t`rhui` t`e ckrn

    k `hnestekf, ht`er oubafbjis kjf whrm kreks. Nhrehver bt nky `kve oeej hver-laekref hc tbnoer wbt`trees aect hjay bj t`e steep pakles hr stkjfbji bj t`e "oklm-pkffhlm."

    Hc t`e feveahpnejt whrm w`bl` wks put bj hver t`e lhurse hc nkjy yekrs, hjay t`e ohujfkry cejlenky oe lhrreltay ahlktef. V`ere bs k ihhf l`kjle kash t`kt t`e `hnestekf--t`e sbxt` cklthr hc t`e slkaebs weaa phsbtbhjef sbjle t`bs bs hctej felbfef oy t`e whnejcham. Oelkuse t`ey abme th hverahhm t`eejtrkjle th t`e ckrn kjf t`e whrm kreks, t`e `hnestekf--nhre hctej t`kj jht--bs ahlktef hj k nkbjrbfie hr hj t`e `bi`er pkrt hc k prbnkry rbfie.

    Vh refesbij sul` k ckrn t`e skne twh jew wkter abjes fhnbjkte t`e pakj out t`ere kre severka

    lhjsbferktbhjs w`bl` nky feternbjef t`ebr ahlktbhj. Chr bjstkjle hj t`bs pkrtbluakr prhperty t`e wkterth oe lhjtrhaaef fhes jht kaa ckaa ks rkbj hj t`e ckrn, sbjle, ks hje ohujfkry cejle lrhsses k reibhj,wkter crhn hutsbfe t`e ckrn cahws bj vbk k lreem. V`bs shurle hc wkter nky oe irekter t`kj crhn rkbjckbabji hj t`e ckrn btseac.

    Fesbij stkrts wbt` t`e lhjtrha hc t`e wkter hc irektest akjfslkpe sbijbcblkjle, V`bs bs bjvkrbkoay wkthc irektest qukjtbty kjf ahwest lhst.

    Cbrstay t`e ejtbre prhperty bs exknbjef th feternbje t`e wkter reshurles kvkbakoae, th pbj-phbjt t`ecektures hc t`e akjfslkpe kjf th ejvbskie kjf felbfe hj t`e akjfslkpe fesbij chr t`e ckrn.

    \elhjfay, t`e nhst kfvkjtkiehus pakle chr k stkrtbji-hcc prhgelt bs seaeltef. V`e prbne requbrenejtkre t`kt bt cbt t`e akjfslkpe fesbij kjf oe hc sul` sbijbcblkjle t`kt bt wbaa qublmay ej`kjle t`e hverkaaprhfultbhj kjf vkaue hc t`e ckrn. Bt prhleefs oy prhiressbveay lhjtrhaabji kaa t`e wkter reshurlesw`bl` kve prhcbtkoae sbijbcblkjle.

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    Y`bae t`ese prbjlbpaes hc fesbij kre ujbverska bj t`ebr kppablktbhj, t`ere wbaa oe hjay hje wky thfesbij ekl` akjfslkpe. Every spelbka purphse akjfslkpe wbaa oe ujbque= t`ere wbaa oe jh ht`er abme bt ht`e ckle hc t`e ekrt`.

    V`e akst hc t`e ebi`t cklthrs hc t`e slkae hc pernkjejle bs shba.

    Jkturka shbas were jht kawkys certbae out w`ej shba wks certbae bt wks t`e irekt sthre`huse hc t`erejewbji kjf rejewkoae surpauses hc Jkture. Bj t`e certbae jkturka irkssakjfs kjf jekroy chrests, kaa t`

    abce bj t`e akjfslkpe abvef hj t`e surpauses hc Jkture w`bl` `kf oeej prhvbfef oy tbne kjf t`erekltbhjs hc t`e kbr, t`e wkter, t`e rhlms hc t`e ekrt` kjf t`e `ekt kjf t`e abi`t hc t`e suj. V`ey `kveabvef, oref kjf fbef chr lhujtaess iejerktbhjs yet t`e surpauses hc Jkture renkbjef bjtklt. V@B\ B\V@E OKAKJLE HC V@E AKJF\LKTE.

    V`e `bsthry hc nkjmbjf bj `bs serbes hc aekps kjf retrekts type hc lhjquest hc t`e ekrt`, bs t`e sthry h`bs fbslhvery kjf expahbtktbhjs hc t`e irekt surpauses hc Jkture `eaf bj t`e shba kjf bj t`e ekrt`.

    K certbae jkturka shba nky oe feprbvef hc bts certbabty surpauses bj k cew felkfes ks t`e vkrbhus rkles hnkj kve koay fenhjstrktef hver t`huskjfs hc yekrs.

    Out t`ere bs kjht`er sbfe th t`e sthry hc shba, w`bl` wbaa oe fekat wbt` bj t`e L`kpters "\hba \ejse"kjf kjf "V`e Okstkrfbsktbhj hc Kirbluature". Bnphverbs`ef shba lkj oe nkfe certbae kikbj kjf shbaw`bl` wks hrbibjkaay ahw certbabty, lkj oe nkfe feep kjf certbae--oht` bj k s`hrt spkle hc tbne.

    V`e nkjkienejt hc t`bs fesbij chr t`e ckrnslkpe bs lhjlerjef wbt` t`e bnprhvenejt hc t`e certbabtyhc t`e shba. V`erechre bt bs lhjlerjef th see t`kt kaa t`e wkstes hc t`e ckrn crhn pakjts kjf crhn t`eurbje kjf t`e fuji hc kjbnkas bs koshroef kikbj bjth t`e shba w`ere bt rbi`tcuaay oeahjis. Bt bslhjlerjef th see t`kt wkter w`bl` aekves t`e ckrn fhes sh oy cbrst oebji koshroef bjth t`e shba thbnprhve bt, sh t`kt, ks k lhbjlbfejtka, jht`bji crhn t`e ckrn nky phaaute t`e lhnnhj wkters hc t`e

    akjf kjf t`e seks. V`e nkjkienejt hc t`e fesbij chr t`e lbtyslkpe kjf chr kaa t`e spelbka purphseakjfslkpes hc nkj bs abmewbse lhjlerjef wbt` t`ese skne nktters.

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    L@KTVE_ \ESEJ

    Fesbij K Jew Lbty

    V`e oksbs hc fesbij chr kjy akjfslkpe bs t`e lhjtrha kjf use hc t`e wkter w`bl` `ks irektestsbijbcblkjle chr t`e eccblbejly kjf kiirkjfbsenejt hc t`e akjfslkpe. Hj t`e ckrn t`ere kre twh iejerk

    wkter reshurle kvejues= hje bs t`e wkter w`bl` cahws crhn rkbj hj t`e ckrn, t`e ht`er bs wkter w`bl`cahws th t`e ckrn crhn hutsbfe bt. Hj shne hllksbhjs t`e nhst sbijbcblkjt shurle nky oe wkter crhnujferirhujf.

    V`e prhvbsbhj hc `huse`haf kjf sthlm wkter kt t`e severka phbjts w`ere bt bs jeefef kjf w`ere btnust kawkys oe kvkbakoae evej bj t`e ahjiest frhui`t, bs k suogelt chr ihhf fesbij. Out bt bs k caexboaecekture wbt`bj t`e akjfslkpe kjf jht hc pkrtbluakr sbijbcblkjle th akjfslkpe fesbij.

    V`e prbjlbpka wkter chr lbty fesbij, bj abme nkjjer, bs jht t`e wkter suppay chr `huses kjf bjfustryout t`e ruj-hcc crhn rkbjckaa kjf t`e wkste wkter hc t`e eccauejts crhn t`e lbty. V`bs wkter bs th nhve

    oy irkvbty cahw.

    V`e cbrst t`ree cklthrs hc t`e slkae hc pernkjejle `kve oeej jknef, "t`e bjsepkrkoae trbjbty hcakjfslkpe fesbij=" t`ey kre labnkte, akjf s`kpe kjf wkter. V`ese skne cklthrs kre t`e spelbkalhjsbferktbhjs chr t`e seaeltbhj hc k sbte chr k jew lbty. Labnkte bs eterjkaay t`e nhst fbslussef kspelthc kjyw`ere--bt bs kawkys hc bnphrtkjle. Bt bs t`e nhst pernkjejt cklthr hc t`e akjfslkpe.

    Akjf s`kpe wbaa iubfe sbte seaeltbhj oy t`e bjcauejle hc sul` nktters ks t`e sbze hc t`e prbnkry rbfiekjf t`ebr aejit`s kjf sahpes fhwjwkrfs kjf t`e sbze hc t`e ujbt-reibhjs kjf t`ebr ksshlbktbhj wbt`reibhjka ujbtbes. Akjf s`kpe bs selhjf th labnkte bj t`e hrfer hc pernkjejlbes.

    Ykter chr t`e lbty bs k sbte lhjsbferktbhj out bt lhnes crhn hutsbfe kjf nky oe orhui`t bj crhn klhjsbferkoae fbstkjle. Lbty wkter nust oe reabkoae, pure kjf pernkjejt.

    K irekt bjcauejle chr sbte seaeltbhj nky weaa oe, bj t`e cbrst pakle, shne iehirkp`blka hr iehahiblkacekture hc t`e wbfe akjfslkpe w`bl` hccers pkrtbluakr kfvkjtkies chr lbty lhjsbferktbhjs.

    V`e oksbs hc fesbij chr t`e jew lbty bs t`e skne ks chr t`e ckrnslkpe, bt bs fesbijef crhn t`e Meyabjehr t`e prbnkry vkaaeys w`bl` kve irektest akjfslkpe sbijbcblkjle.

    V`e lbty s`huaf `kve k fecbjbte sbze kjf k ohujfkry w`bl` nky oe seaeltef ks kj kpprhprbkteay sbzefjkturka reibhj. V`e ohujfkry hc t`e lbty nky oe prbjlbpkaay t`e lrest abje hc k akrie nkbj rbfie. V`eakjf chr t`e lbty whuaf cbrst oe surveyef kjf put hj pkper ks k lhjthur nkp. V`e jkturka frkbjkie abjekjf t`e jkturka wkter-fbvbfe abjes whuaf laekray fbspaky t`e jkturka ujbt-reibhjs wbt`bj ever akrierreibhjs wbt`bj t`e ohujfkry hc t`e fesbij.

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    V`e cahw hc wkter hc irektest akjfslkpe kjf fesbij sbijbcblkjle bs t`e ruj-hcc crhn rkbjckaa. Y`baet`ese cahws bj kiireikte nky oe abttae nhre t`kj t`kt crhn lbty wkste wkter, t`ebr pekm cahws wbaairektay exleef t`e cahws hc wkste wkter. V`e kverkie perlejtkie hc rkbjckaa w`bl` oelhnes ruj-hcccrhn t`e jkturka akjfslkpe nky oe ujfer

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    V`e selhjf zhje whuaf abe oetweej t`e abjes hc lhjtrha kjf abjes chr use hc t`e rkbj ruj-hcc wkter.V`e ruj-hcc crhn t`e twh `bi`er zhjes whuaf oe fbreltef th Lbty Chrest kreks ahlktef bj t`e t`brf zhje-t`e zhje hj t`e ckrnslkpe w`bl` lhjtkbjs t`e oahlms hc brrbiktbhj akjf.

    V`e sewkie trektnejt whrms, w`bl` renhve t`e lautter hc t`e akrier shabfs kjf irekse, kjf pkrtaylaekj t`e eccauejts, whuaf oe ahlktef kt seaeltef pakles kahji t`e ahwer ohujfkry hc t`e t`brf zhje.V`ey whuaf fbsl`krie t`ebr cbjka eccauejts th brrbikte t`e Lbty Chrests ahlktef bj t`e churt` zhje. V`evkrbhus wkter abjes whuaf t`ej oe lhjjeltef oy pbpe abjes wbt` vkave lhjtrha up kjf fhwj seaeltef

    prbnkry rbfies. V`ebr rhkfs whuaf abe kohve t`en.

    _evertbji th t`e slkae hc pernkjejle7 t`e cbrst twh cklthrs hc t`e slkae, labnkte kjf akjf s`kpe, `kvekbfef t`e seaeltbhj hc t`e sbte chr t`e jew lbty. V`e t`brf cklthr, wkter--kjf t`e lhjtrha kjf t`e use hct`e wkter hc irektest akjfslkpe sbijbcblkjle--`ks akbf bj t`e orhkf kjf oksbl wkter-abje fesbij hc t`elbty. V`e ht`er wkter--chr lbty hnes kjf bjfustrbes--bs orhui`t bj crhn hutsbfe vbk TUNT, pbpeabjekjf/hr irkvbty cahw, th oe feabveref th wkter thwers ahlktef hj t`e `baas hc t`e nkbj rbfies. V`e presejnkjjer kjf lhjsbferktbhjs chr bts suppay kre cuaay kfequkte.

    V`e churt` cklthr hc t`e slkae, rhkfs, `kve chaahwef kahji t`e ujbqueay ahlktef wkter abjes th prhvbf

    t`ebr servble klless. V`ey `kve lhjjeltef up t`e nkbj rbfies kjf t`e jew zhjes hc t`e akjfslkpe. V`e`kve kffef t`e cbjka abjes th t`e kjkthny hc t`e lbtyslkpe.

    V`e cbct` cklthr hc t`e slkae, trees, `kve oeej ahlktef th use chr t`e oejecbt hc t`e akjfslkpe, t`e rkbjruj-hcc kjf t`e wkste wkter hc t`e lbty.

    V`e sbxt` cklthr hc t`e slkae bs oubafbjis. Hj t`e ckrns t`ey kre t`e `hnestekfs w`bl` kre t`e lejtrechr lhjtrha, kfnbjbstrktbhj kjf nkjkienejt.

    V`e sbxt` cklthr chr lbty fesbij bs t`e ahlktbhj hc lejtres= chr lhjtrha, kfnbjbstrktbhj kjf

    nkjkienejt. V`e ahlktbhjs hc t`ese lejtres cbt bjth t`e hverkaa pktterj hc t`e wkter abjes, t`e rhkfs kjt`e Lbty Chrests, sh t`kt t`ey kaa serve t`ebr pkrtbluakr purphses.

    V`e sevejt` cklthr hc t`e slkae hc pernkjejle bs suofbvbsbhj.

    V`e fesbij t`us ckr bs smeaetka kjf hj t`e surckle bs baaustrktef oy t`e bjterlhjjeltef systen hc rhkfsruj-hcc wkter `hafbji kreks kt t`e Meyabjes hc t`e seaeltef prbnkry vkaaeys kjf t`e akyhut chr t`e LbtyChrests. Ekl` hc t`ese sepkrktef kreks kre suofbvbfef oy kpprhprbkte curt`er wkter abjes, rhkfs kjfstreets. V`e rkbj ruj-hcc crhn every rhkf kjf street kjf crhn t`e rhhcef kjf pkvef kreks, kjf t`e wkstwkter hc t`e sewer abjes crhn `hnes kjf oubafbjis, kre iubfef th t`ebr spelbka ujferirhujf nkbjs th

    cahw oy irkvbty th t`ebr prhper pakles. \ul` fesbijs bj fetkba wbt`bj t`e fesbij hc t`e lbtyslkpe kre t`eprhvbjle hc t e nujblbpka lhujlbas, t`e pakjjers kjf t`e krl`btelts.

    \hba bs t`e ebi`t` kjf akst cklthr hj t`e slkae hc pernkjejle. Gust `hw bnphrtkjt t`bs cklthr bs, wbaa onkfe laekr bj L`kpter ;4, \hba \ejse.

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    L@KTVE_ EBI@V

    _evbew V`e Jew Lbty

    Y`kt `ks t`bs fesbij kl`bevef8 Y`kt bc kjy, kre t`e oejecbts chr t`e lbtyslkpe kjf chr t`e pehpae w`wbaa abve t`ere8

    Cbrstay bt ks ejsuref k ahiblka kjf chrwkrf pakjjef sequejle hc feveahpnejts, jkturka reibhj oyjkturka reibhj, w`bl` lkj oe stufbef hj pkper kjf cuaay ujfersthhf oy t`e nkjy fbveriejt prhcessbhjkpehpaes crhn shlbhahibsts th ejibjeers kjf crhn obhahibsts th krl`btelts w`h nust paky t`ebr pkrts bjt`e lhujtaess, cbjka kjf fetkbaef fesbijs wbt`bj t`e crknewhrm hc t`e lbty fesbij. Ekl` lkj kpprelbktet`e spelbka prhvbjle hc t`e ht`er kjf rekl` kireenejts kjf felbsbhjs nhre rekfbay. K wbfe ujbty hcpurphse whuaf oe kj expeltef resuat.

    Lhjstrultbhj kjf ejibjeerbji kspelts hc t`e fesbij, ejsure t`kt t`e nkghr wkter abjes wbt` t`ebrrhkfs, prelefe ht`er feveahpnejts ks t`ey s`huaf rbi`tcuaay fh. V`e ahlktbji hc ujferirhujf nkbjs kt

    ujbchrn fept`s oeahw t`e surckle bs eccblbejt kjf elhjhnblka, pkrtbluakray oy lhnpkrbshj wbt` presejlbty prkltbles w`ere t`e paklenejt kjf servblbji hc t`ese nkbjs turj nkjy lbtbes bjth vkst ujferirhujnbjbji hperktbhjs w`ere exlkvktbhjs kre hctej very feep kjf punpbji stktbhjs bjjunerkoae.Nhrehver, ht`er servble nkbjs w`bl` kre jht fepejfejt hj irkvbty kahje--lbty wkter suppay, eaeltrblbtiks kjf teaep`hje--whuaf oe ksshlbktef bj k prkltblka nkjjer wbt` t`e wkter fesbij abjes. Ekl` whuaf`kve bts kpprhprbkte kjf reiuakr pakle bj reaktbhj th kaa ht`ers, th oe tkppef kjf servblef wbt` sbnpablbkjf expefbtbhj kt ahw lhst.

    V`e nkghr jew fbvbsbhjs hc t`e akjf bjth zhjes oy t`e irkvbty cahwbji wkter abjes kjf t`ebr hver`ekkjf bjterlhjjeltbji rhkfs, hccers hpphrtujbtbes chr rktbhjka suofbvbsbhjs bjth suourokj kreks kjf chr

    suofbvbsbhjs wbt`bj t`e suouros. V`e exleaaejle hc nkjy cklets hc fesbij wbt`bj t`e presejt lbtbes, ouw`bl` exbst jhw hjay ks fbslhjjeltef kjf fbshrferef nhskbls, whuaf prhfule bj t`e jew lbty, kjhverkaa krnhjy hc eccblbejly kjf oekuty.

    V`e cbrst zhje hc t`e nkbj rbfies wbt` bts prbjlbpka rhkfs kahji t`e lrest abjes bs t`e pakle chr nkjy ht`e lejtres hc kfnbjbstrktbhj kjf nkjkienejt, t`e sbtes chr t`e luaturka kjf lhnnerlbka lejtres.

    V`e churt` zhje kahji kjf kohve t`e s`hreabje kjf t`e frkbjkie abjes hc t`e strekns, bs k lrbtblka zhjchr t`e okakjle kjf `ekat` hc t`e wbfe akjfslkpe.

    V`bs bs t`e zhje chr t`e prbjlbpka sphrt kjf pakyirhujfs, hc t`e akrier pkrms kjf ikrfejs ks weaa kssewerkie trektnejts kjf Lbty Chrests. Vrektnejt whrms wbaa oe ks lhnpktboae wbt` sphrts-irhujfs ksthbaets kre wbt` iynjksbuns= everyt`bji bs laekj. V`bs bs k LAEKJ lbty, w`ere wkste wkter trektnejtwhrms `kve trees bj nkss surrhujfs. V`e wkter w`bl` nhves th t`e rbvers kjf `krohurs crhn t`e shba ht`e Lbty Chrests wbaa prhokoay oe oetter t`kj t`e wkter sthref thfky bj t`e irekt suppay fkns hj t`erbvers.

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    Bjfeef, t`e jkturka reibhjs w`bl` lhaaelt t`e wkter chr t`ese fkns, s`huaf oe fesbijef hj t`e sknejew wkter abjes, sh t`kt kaa t`e wkter ihes bjth spelbka laekjsbji chrests oechre bt lkj rekl` t`e streknkjf rbvers th cahw th t`e sthrkies.

    \ewerkie trektnejt whrms wbaa fbsl`krie t`ebr eccauejts th brrbikte w`kt nust oelhne t`e ckstestirhwbji chrests. V`e irhwt` stbnuaktbji prhfults w`bl` renkbj evej bj eccauejts w`bl` kppekr lrystklaekr, sul` ks t`e vkrbhus p`hsp`kte kjf jbtrhiej cklthrs, jhw obf ckbr oy t`ebr eccelts hj t`e lhnnhjwkters hc t`e akjf kjf t`e seks, th evejtukaay festrhy t`e hxyiej okakjle hc t`e whraf's ktnhsp`ere--

    kjf kaa abce. Out bj t`e shba hc t`e Lbty Chrest t`ey whuaf prhfule kj hpphsbte eccelt w`ere t`e nbaabhjhc rkpbfay irhwbji trees whuaf whrm th nkbjtkbj t`e hxyiej okakjle.

    Hc kaa akjfslkpes, t`e irektest ouam hc auxurbkjtay irhwbji abvbji nktter wbaa oe bj t`e Lbty Chrest.V`erechre t`e Lbty Chrest nust oe kash kj bnphrtkjt obhahiblka resekrl` lejtre. Oelkuse t`ere nky oelertkbj trees bj t`e whraf w`bl` whuaf lhjlejtrkte hje hr ht`er hc t`e `krncua suostkjles jhw bj t`eejvbrhjnejt= every mbjf hc tree s`huaf oe irhwj sh t`kt t`ebr whhf lhuaf oe kjkaysef kjf sul` spelbprhpertbes fbslhveref.

    V`e churt` zhje hc t`e akjf prhtelts t`e lhnnhj wkters kjf t`e ktnhsp`ere. V`ere kre th oe jh

    ujjelesskry bjtrusbhjs bjth bt out t`ere wbaa oe puoabl ejterprbses w`bl` kre essejtbka chr t`e abvbji kjft`e whrmbjis hc t`e lbty. Evej t`ese spelbka cklbabtbes, w`ere phssboae, nust stkjf oklm crhn t`e wkterefie kjf t`e s`hre abjes, sh t`kt t`e wkter t`ey s`ef kjf t`e wkste wkter t`ey reaekse lkj oe lhaaeltefkjf punpef oklm th t`e nkbjs kahji t`e upper ohujfkry hc t`e churt` zhje, th oe prhlessef kjfrelhjstbtutef bj t`e Lbty Chrest.

    Nkjy hc t`e akrier bjfustrbka lhnpaexes jhw bjtrufe bjth t`e akjf hc t`e churt` zhje oelkuse hc t`eekse kjf ahw lhst lhjvejbejle hc iettbji rbf hc t`ebr hojhxbhus wkstes bj wkter oy funpbji t`enfbreltay bjth t`e strekns kjf t`e sek. V`ey whuaf oe exlaufef kjf phsbtbhjef bj t`e selhjf zhje,w`ere t`ey whuaf, bc jelesskry, lkrry hut t`e cbrst prhlessbji hc t`ebr wkstes oechre bt cahws wbt` t`e

    nhre jhrnka lbty wkste wkters. \bjle t`e lhjtejts hc wkste wkter kre vkaukoae, fesbijs chr prhcbtkoaeextrkltbhj wbaa lhjtbjuhusay enerie. Y`ere t`e sbze hc sul` ujfertkmbjis kjf t`ebr eccauejt fbsl`kriewkrrkjts, t`ebr bjfbvbfuka fesbij whuaf prhvbfe chr t`ebr hwj trektnejt whrms kjf chrest. V`eseousbjesses whuaf shhj aekrj wkys th nkme oht prhcbtkoae.

    Y`kt hc t`e `bi` lhst hc lbty akjf w`bl` whuaf oe usef chr irhwbji chrests8 V`e lhst hc t`e akjf chk jew lbty whuaf oe ahw. Hjay w`ej pehpae abve t`ere kjf ht`er pehpae wkjt th abve t`ere fhes sul`akjf oelhne vkaukoae. Bt bs nhre vkaukoae w`ej t`e cklbabtbes chr `hnes kjf chr bjfustrbes `kve oeejlhnpaetef kt ahw lhst eccblbejly bj t`e rhkfs kjf t`e servble abje oejekt` t`e rhkfs. \h w`y s`huafj'tjew lbty lhnpete wbt` hafer lbtbes oy hccerbji laekj kbr, ihhf wkter kjf certbae shba kjf ckr oetter

    abvbji, shlbka kjf whrmbji lhjfbtbhjs, ks weaa ks l`ekper kjf oetter akjf chr `hnes kjf chr bjfustrbes8

    V`e akjf hc t`e severka Lbty Chrests wbaa relebve kaa t`e rkbj ruj-hcc kjf wkste wkter crhn t`e lbty thuse kjf relhjstbtute bt kjf nust lhjtbjue th cujltbhj evej w`ej bt rkbjs chr k chrtjbi`t. Vh ejsure btslkpklbty bj t`bs fbreltbhj kjf chr elhjhnbl rekshjs, fkns chr hafbji ruj-hcc rkbj wkter tenphrkrbay,whuaf oe ahlktef kt t`e Meyabjes hc t`e seaeltef prbnkry vkaaeys, ks bj t`e ckrnslkpe. Lhjlrete abjef,t`ey lhuaf oe mept enpty. V`e cbrst rkbj ruj-hcc kcter k fry perbhf lkrrbes wbt` bt irektay bjlreksef

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    knhujts hc hba kjf ht`er nktter. V`e enpty fkns lhuaf oe usef th sthre tenphrkrbay t`bs cbrst cahw, sht`kt bt lhuaf oe laekjef w`ej jelesskry. Evej sh, oelkuse t`e wkter ihes bj kt t`e thp kjf lhnes hut t`e ohtthn, t`e hba wkstes w`bl` cahkt kjf ht`ers w`bl` sbjm lhuaf oe trkppef kjf retkbjef bj t`e`hafbji fkns chr trektnejt, skae hr fbsphska kcter t`e rkbj `ks leksef. V`e fkns whuaf `kve lhjtrhasw`bl` ebt`er turj t`e wkter bjth t`e fkn hr fbvert bt krhujf hr oeahw t`en. V`e ouioekr hc ahlkacahhfbjis, w`bl` jhw hllurs wbt` ekl` `ekvy rkbj sthrn, whuaf oe kvhbfef.

    V`e Lbty Chrest bs k nuatb-chrest. Cbrstay t`e vkrbhus spelbes hc t`e trees whuaf oe seaeltef chr t`ebr

    kneabhrktbji eccelts hj t`e kbr, t`e wkters kjf shba. \elhjfay t`e seaeltbhj hc tree spelbes lhuaf oeoksef hj elhjhnbl lhjsbferktbhjs. V`e Lbty Chrest bs fesbijef th oe k whrmbji, perpetuka chrest chr tprhcbtkoae prhfultbhj hc certbae shba kjf vkaukoae tbnoer (L`kpter ;;, "\hba kjf Vrees".)

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    L@KTVE_ JBJE

    Vh Laekj K Lbty

    V`e kppablktbhj hc akjfslkpe fesbij th t`e estkoabs`ef ckrn kjf irkzbji prhpertbes bs sbnpae kjffbrelt. Kat`hui` t`e fesbijs kre jever repetbtbve out kre hc wbfe kjf ckslbjktbji vkrbety, t`e prbjlbpae

    hc fesbij kre lhjstkjt kjf essejtbkaay ujlhnpablktef. V`e phtejtbka hc ekl` ckrn nky oe cuaayfbslahsef kjf fesbij felbsbhjs rekl`ef bj k nktter hc kj `hur hr twh's bjspeltbhj wbt` t`e hwjer. Hjarkreay whuaf bt tkme ahjier t`kj twh fkys. V`e nkrmbji-bj hc t`e fesbij hj t`e akjf wbt` `ujfrefs hcpeis, nky hllupy hjay twh hr t ree fkys, kjf t e prkltblka lhjstrultbhjs t`erekcter, oe lhnpaetef oyt`e hwjer bj k nktter hc weems.

    Oelkuse t`e akjfslkpe fesbijer whrms wbt` hjay t`hse w`h `kve kj kfequkte kpprelbktbhj hc t`elhjlepts kjf t`e prbjlbpaes bjvhavef, kaa felbsbhjs kre t`e hwjer's= bt bs `bs ckrn= t`e fesbij bs `bs kjf`e mjhws t`ere bs jh ht`er abme `bsckrn. Jhw `e wbaa abve kjf whrm wbt` t`e akjfslkpe fesbij,mjhwbji t`kt everyt`bji `e fhes hj t`e akjf kffs th t`e ejrbl`nejt hc t`e shba kjf th t`e iahrbhus

    nkturbty hc t`e ckrnslkpe.

    Jkture bs t`e Nkster Fesbijer. \`e bs jht sahw kjf nky oe ckst bj @er kpprelbktbve rekltbhjs th ihhfesbij, w`bl` bs feepay sktbscybji kjf very caktterbji th t`e prbfecua hwjer.

    Out t`e kppablktbhj hc t`e skne akjfslkpe fesbij th k akrie lbty bs shnet`bji ejtbreay fbccerejt. V`erbs jh ejt`usbkstblkaay lh-hperktbve hwjer w`h mjhws weaa t`e ejtbre akjfslkpe, out bjstekf k nuatbtufhc lbty hccblbkas, w`h kre bjterestef kjf mjhwaefiekoae ekl` bj `bs pkrtbluakr seinejt hc k vkst kjflhnpablktef ujfertkmbji. Hj t`e ckrn t`e ohujfkry cejle, kt aekst, bs lhrreltay ahlktef kjf t`e`hnestekf--t`e lejtre hc kfnbjbstrktbhj kjf nkjkienejt--usukaay sh. Out t`e lbty fhesj't evej `kve

    ohujfkry kjf t`e lejtres hc kfnbjbstrktbhj kjf nkjkienejt kre ebt`er slktteref wbt kppkrejtkokjfhj hr, wbt` aess sejse hc prkltblka rekabty, lausteref thiet`er bj hverlrhwfef lbty lkjyhjs. V`eyphssess jh reaktef hr fesbijef ahlktbhj out sbnpay hllupy akjf w`bl` `kppejef th oe kvkbakoae kt t`etbne, hr wks l`ekper, hr hllupbef hjay oy phhrer, snkaa kjf hut-hc-fkte strultures.

    Hj t`e ckrn, hjay cejles jeef oe kateref out bj t`e lbty, irekt lkpbtka strultures stkjf everyw`ere bjt`e wky. Evej wbt`hut kjy curt`er lhjsbferktbhjs t`e t`bji kppekrs bnphssboae! Y`kt bs t`ere th fh8Gust w`kt `ks kawkys oeej fhje= ibve prbhrbty th t`e whrm w`bl` bc jht fhje bs nhst abmeay th orbji t`elbty lahser th k irbjfbji `kat hr fh t`e t`bji w`bl` puoabl laknhur fenkjfs s`huaf oe fhje. Kjf t`elaknhur jhw bs k lhnnkjf--laekj up t`e oahhfy ness!

    V`e resphjse hc t`e estkoabs`nejt bs prefbltkoae wbt` lertkbjty. Bt wbaa fh w`kt bt kawkys fhes= lrekt`bi`ay bjeccblbejt ourekulrktbl strultures w`hse bnnefbkte bjterest wbaa oe t`ebr hwj eaevktbhj thphwer kjf pernkjejle. V`ey wbaa `kve t`e hje eccblbejt fepkrtnejt hc Tuoabl _eaktbhjs th lhjvbjlet`e pehpae hc t`ebr jelessbty kjf eccblbejly. \bjle shne kspelts hc phaautbhj kre jbleay p`hthiejbl, t`Tuoabl _eaktbhjs fepkrtnejt wbaa shhj `kve ihhf 'oechre-kjf-kcter pbltures' hc sulless th kff th t`eness hc whrfs t`ey wbaa bssue. V`ebr kttklm wbaa oe hj t`e fbrty, t`e ujtbfy kjf t`e sneaay. V`e kttklm

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    hj phaautbhj hc t`e kbr wbaa oe kikbjst snhme, t`e nhst hovbhus out t`e aekst fkjierhus krek. V`e kttklhj phaautbhj hc t`e wkter wbaa oe kikbjst t`e sluns kjf t`e cahktbji ruoobs`, kikbj t`e nhst hovbhus ot`e aekst `krncua. V`e snht`erbji kjf fe`unkjbsbji lhjsequejles hc t`e aklm hc okakjlef ujbty bj t`akjfslkpes kjf t`e kpprhkl`bji festrultbhj hc t`e w`hae ejvbrhjnejt wbaa oe bijhref. V`e wbfephaautbhj hc t`e shba w`bl` jhw baa ceefs us, whj't oe t`hui`t hc. @hw lkj sul` lrektbhjs hc t`eEstkoabs`nejt, kttklm t`e irektest shurle hc phaautbhj, t`e Estkoabs`nejt btseac8 \h w`kt bs t`e kjswer

    V`e nkghr ecchrt nust oe t`e fesbij hc Lbty Chrests hj kreks hc akjf bnnefbkteay hutsbfe t`e lbty,

    kjf t`e feabvery th t`en, vbk punp kjf pbpeabje, hc t`e eccauejts hc t`e lbty.

    V`e eccelt hc t`bs neksure whuaf sthp wkter phaautbhj. Bt kash whuaf reverse t`e prhless hc hxyiejfepaetbhj lkusef oy eccauejts w`bl`, w`erever t`ey ih, festrhy t`e okakjle hc wkterabce oy hver-stbnuaktbji t`e sabnes, t`e sluns kjf t`e kaike. Hver-stbnuaktef th fekt`--bj t`ebr felky t`ey use upt`e hxyiej hc t`e wkter th lkuse t`e fekt` hc nyrbkfs hc snkaa kjbnkas kjf irekt junoers hc cbs`w`bl` abmewbse bj t`ebr felky, curt`er refule t`e wkter's hxyiej. V`ese eccauejts eccelt t`e prhfultbhjhc hxyiej oy t`e seks. V`ey `kve karekfy lkusef t`e fekt` hc irekt cres` wkter akmes.

    V`e bjfbvbskoae phaautbhjs hc kbr kjf wkter lkj t`us oe kttklmef kt t`e prbjlbpka shurle.

    V`e jext irekt bjcauejle chr t`e oejecbt hc lbty pehpae nky oe w`kt `kppejs hj t`e ckrns kjf bj t`erefesbij hc lhujtry thwjs, oht` hc w`bl` kre sbnpae kjf strkbi`tchrwkrf. V`e akrie phpuaktbhjs hc t`elbtbes lkj `kve irekt bjcauejle hj t`e lhujtry w`ejever t`ey l`hhse th use bt. V`bs bs t`e tbne chrl`hhsbji, oelkuse t`e eccelt hc t`e lhujtrysbfe bj phaautbji t`e thtka ejvbrhjnejt bs kanhsthverw`eanbji. \bjle prbnbtbve phaautbhj krbses fbreltay crhn phpuaktbhj, t`e `unkj equbvkaejt hc t`esthlm junoers kff up th k `bi` phpuaktbhj bj t`e lhujtry. Out ks weaa t`ere kre t`e nhre bjsbfbhusnkterbkas usef hj ckrns w`bl`, thiet`er wbt` t`ebr lhujterpkrts bj bjfustry, kre t`e nhst fkjierhusfestrhyers hc t`e okakjle hc t`e ejvbrhjnejt.

    V`e phaautbhj prhoaens hc lbty kjf lhujtry lkjjht oe sepkrktef, t`ey kre nereay fbccerejt kspelts hjt`e hje irekt t`rektejbji lktkstrhp`e.

    Tresejt akrie lbtbes lkjjht oe refesbijef hr kateref qublmay th suostkjtbkaay bnprhve t`e eccblbejlykjf elhjhny hc lbty cujltbhjs. Bt bs thh akte chr t`kt. V`ey kre nhre abmeay th oelhne aess eccblbejt kjfnhre lhstay ujtba, bc kjf w`ej, t`ey lekse th irhw. Out irhwt` lhuaf oe sthppef kjf k jew lbtyfesbijef jekroy, out fbvhrlef crhn t`e cujltbhj hc t`e presejt lbty, exlept chr t`e ghbjbji hc t`e twhoy rhkfs, puoabl trkjsphrt kjf lhnnujblktbhjs. Y`h. lhuaf fhuot t`kt t`bs whuaf oe t`e oest chr t`eakrier lbtbes kjf chr t`e irekt nkghrbty hc t`ebr lbtbzejs8 V`e prhvbsbhj hc t`hse cklbabtbes w`bl` jhw akoe`bjf phpuaktbhj fenkjfs lhuaf lktl` up. Trhiressbveay rkbj ruj-hcc wkter lhjtrha lhuaf oe kppabef

    bj t`e nhre lrbtblka kreks kjf t`e wkter kffef th eccauejt nhvenejts th t`e Lbty Chrests. Kat`hui` t`eeccblbejly hc t`e lbty hperktbhjs kre jht bnprhvef bnnefbkteay irekt ejvbrhjnejtka kneabhrktbhjwhuaf oe kl`bevef. V`e lbty whuaf lekse th oe k nkghr lhjtrbouthr th ejvbrhjnejt festrultbhj.

    L@KTVE_ VEJ

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    \hba \ejse

    V`e chujfktbhj trbh hc k `ekat`y ejvbrhjnejt bs laekj kbr, ihhf wkter kjf certbae shbas. V`ese kre t`ebjsepkrkoaes kjf t`e essejtbkas.

    \hba bs k slbejle hc bts hwj kjf k pkrt hc k aht hc ht`er slbejles= sh bt bs chrtujkte t`kt bt bs jht

    jelesskry th mjhw kaa kohut shba bj hrfer th feveahp bt kjf th use bt. Cew ihhf ikrfejers `kve feireesbj shba slbejle, out t`ey mjhw `hw th nkme shba feeper kjf nhre certbae.

    \hba nky oe lhjsbferef ks t`e lhjversbhj hc rhlm oy twh prhlesses. Hje bs k prhless hc kiebji, t`eht`er bs k prhless hc abvbji.

    V`e kiebji prhless bs t`e fbsbjteirktbhj hc rhlm th fust kjf t`e nbxbjis, t`e lhnobjbjis, kjf t`etrkjschrnbjis t`rhui` sh nkjy kehjs hc tbne. Evejtukaay t`e surckle hc t`e akjf wks abttae obts hceveryt`bji crhn everyw`ere.

    Chr k ahji tbne t`e ekrt` renkbjef bj t`bs stkte= t`ej t`ere wks k irekt l`kjie. V`e abvbji prhlessstkrtef kjf lhveref kjf stekfbef t`e restaess fust7 t`e abvbji shba wks lrektef. Out t`ere were rbppaeskjf wkve nhtbhjs, kjf irekt t`ujfers crhn oeahw th fbsturo t`e stekfbef fust= t`e shba wks lhveref upkjf jew shba wks relrektef nkjy tbnes. V`e evbfejle hc pkst rkbj chrests kjf wet akjfs bs t`ere bj t`elhka sekns w`bl` kre nbjef jhw.

    V`e resuat thfky bs k t`bj lhverbji hc shba w`bl`, thiet`er wbt` t`e sek, supphrts t`e abce hc t`e ekrt`V`bs thp-shba bs ujferakbf oy t`e irekt reserves hc rhlm feorbs kjf shct rhlm--t`e fekf suoshba. thiet`ert`ey kre crhn k cew tbnes th k `ujfref tbnes hr nhre t`blmer t`kj t`e shba btseac. V`bs suo-shba, hr shbankterbka, bs hc irekt bnphrtkjle. Bt bs t`e chujfktbhj hc abce jhw kjf chr t`e cuture. Cbrstay, bt lkj oe

    turjef bjth reka shba qublmay, kjf selhjfay, t`ere kre t`ese bnnejse qukjtbtbes hc bt kanhst everyw`ereoejekt` t`e surckle hc kirbluaturka akjf. V`bs bs t`e type hc akjf hj w`bl` lbtbes kre oubat.

    V`bs bs `hw shba bs chrnef. V`e kiebji prhless hc shba chrnktbhj `ks tkmej ujmjhwj nbaabhjs hcyekrs. Out t`e phbjt bs, BV @K\ KA_EKFR @KTTEJEF! V@E ABSBJI T_HLE\\ B\ _KTBF. V`eskre t`e sbnpae cklts w`bl` t`e prhpkikjfbsts hc kjtb-akjfslkpe krtbcblbka kirbluature wkjt kaa nkjmbjf tchriet. V`e abvbji prhless bs veryrkpbf. Bt nereay `ks th lhjvert t`e suo-shba bjth certbae shba. V`e aejihc tbne t`kt t`bs tkmes bs reaktef th t`e abce lylaes hc t`e abce bj t`e shba. V`bs bjlaufes evej t`e nhstnbjute chrns. V`ere kre nkjy ohhms fekabji wbt` t`bs hje kspelt bj t`e stufy hc t`e nblrhobhahiy hct`e shba. V`ere kre nbaabhjs hc hrikjbsns bj kj hujle hc certbae shba kjf t`ey oreef, fbe kjf oreef kikb

    bj k nktter hc fkys hr evej `hurs. V`ere kre ht`er akrier chrns hc abce bj t`e shba w`bl` kre pkrt hc t`eprhless. V`e kjbnka abce bj t`e shba rujs th nkjy `ujfrefs hc spelbes. Hc t`ese t`e ibkjt bs t`eekrt`whrn, w`bl` bs jht hjay t`e irekt kjbnka crbejf hc nkj out bs kash k lhnpaeteay reabkoae shbabjchrnkjt. Bc k spkfecua hr twh hc shba fbslahses severka sbzes hc ekrt`whrns rkjibji th sevej bjl`esahji, t`ej t`e shba bs certbae.

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    V`e abvbji prhless `ks oeej ihbji hj chr k ahji tbne. \hne shbas kre t`huskjfs hr evej nbaabhjs hcyekrs haf. \hba bs k prhless w`bl` `ks oeej nkbjtkbjef oy lhujtaess iejerktbhjs hc hrikjbsns w`bl``kve hjay orbec bjfbvbfuka abce spkjs. Evej t`e ekrt`whrn, hur crbejfay ibkjt hc t`e abce bj t`e shba,oreefs bj twh th t`ree nhjt`s kcter `ktl`bji crhn eii lkpsuaes w`bl` nky prhfule ?4 abve whrns.@erekcter t`bs `ernkp`rhfbte oreefs kanhst weemay bj ihhf shba. Kj klre hc certbae shba wbaa lhjtkbj kthj hr nhre hc ekrt`whrns. Ekl` wbaa exlrete everyfky nhre t`kj bts hwj webi`t hc `unus-akfejlksts.

    V`e shba bs k lhnpaete ujbverse. Bt `ks vkrybji bj`kobtkjts w`bl` hllupy spelbcbl ktnhsp`eres. V`erbs t`e whraf hc t`e kerhoes w`bl` orekt`e kbr, kjf t`e whraf hc t`e kjkerhoes w`bl` fh jht orekt`e kbrt`ey extrklt t`ebr hxyiej crhn nktter bj t`e ekrt`. V`e shba `ks labnktes (shba labnktes) hc irektfbversbty. V`e sbze hc t`e phpuaktbhjs hc t`e shba (shba abce) bs ckjtkstbl. Vh try th kssess t`e junoers hckaa t`ese nuatbtufes whuaf oe abme trybji th express abi`t yekrs bj bjl`es.

    Kaa chrns hc abce requbre twh t`bjis chr hptbnun feveahpnejt= ihhf abvbji lhjfbtbhjs, w`bl`enorkle kbr (hxyiej), nhbsture, wkrnt` kjf spkle, kjf k paejtbcua suppay hc subtkoae chhf. V`ej t`eyoreef abme `eaa--w`kt ease bs t`ere th fh8 V`bs k shba labnkx. Nuatbpae shba labnkxes lkj oe prhnhtef thnkme shba qublmay.

    Bt `ks oeej chujf t`kt t`e oest kjf l`ekpest chhf hc kaa chr shba nkmbji hj t`e irkjf slkae bs t`e fekrhhts hc ihhf pksture. Bt bt bs mjhwj `hw th prhnhte t`bs spelbka hrikjbl nktter bj koujfkjle,sullessbhjs hc labnkxes lkj oe prhnhtef. Ye lkj prhnhte t`ese oreefbji hribes bj t`e shba kjfbnprhve kjf feepej t`e shba rkpbfay.

    Y`kt bs oebji skbf jhw bs t`kt bc t`e abvbji shba were strbppef crhn k pkffhlm, t`e suo-shba nkterbkaoeahw lhuaf oe turjef bjth k shba w`bl` whuaf rbvka t`e hrbibjka bj hjay k cew yekrs.

    Hje hc t`e nhst lhjtrhversbka kspelts hc ny ckrn experbejle `ks oeej t`e suogelt hc shba. Orbecay, t`

    lakbn wks t`kt shba lhuaf oe nkfe feeper kjf nhre certbae--qublmay. Ye `kf fhje bt hrbibjkaay hj phhthp-shba, hj suo-shba laky, hj yeaahw s`kae, hj t`e `krfer oaue s`kaes kjf hj t`bj skjfsthje shba.

    V`bs bs t`e sbnpae tel`jbque t`kt sulleefef w`ere hrt`hfhx net`hfs `kf ckbaef th prhfule evej kphhr pksture7 we orhme t`e shba nkterbka th t`ree bjl`es feep wbt` k l`bsea pahw--t e nhferj equbvkaehc t`e kjlbejt stblm-pahw. Bjth t`bs we shwef k nbxture hc lahvers (wbt` t`e kpprhprbkte bjjhluakjts)kjf irksses wbt` hje `ujfref-webi`t hc k 54-54 abne-superp`hsp`kte nbxture th ekl` klre. V`epksture t`kt resuatef wks luatbvktef abmewbse wbt k l`bsea pahw bj t`e kutunj hc ekl` hc t`e jext t`reyekrs hjay. (V`e pkrtbluakr kttrboutes hc t`e l`bsea pahw kre t`kt bt fhes jht turj t`e shba ujfer kjfselhjfay, bt bs k thui` ih-kjyw`ere kcckbr. Bt ks twh-bjl` wbfe l`bsea-abme tyjes kttkl`ef th ekvber

    sprbji-ahkfef steea s`kjms nhujtef hj k steea crkne. Bts prhper use hj pksture akjf kerktes t`e shba.V`e eccelt hj shba bnprhvenejt kjf pksture lkj oe frknktbl. V`ere bs k l`bsea pahw w`bl` oekrs t`ejkne Rehnkjs, bj w`bl` hur cbjkjlbka bjterest leksef yekrs kih. Hur cbrst versbhj hc t`e l`bsea pahwwks nkfe bj ;265.) V`e l`bseas were kaah