The Cell: The Smallest Unit of Life Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic 1.No nuclear...
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Transcript of The Cell: The Smallest Unit of Life Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic 1.No nuclear...
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The Cell: The Smallest Unit of Life
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic1.No nuclear membrane
2.No membrane bound organelles
3. Found only in kingdoms Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
4. Size 0.1 um -10 um
Eukaryotic1. Definite membrane bound
nucleus
2. Contains membrane bound organelles
3. Found in Kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungi, & Protista
4. 10 um – 100 um
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Cellular Organelles
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Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Double layer of lipids & proteins
Gatekeeper of cell Semi permeable
(lets certain things in and keeps other things out)
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NUCLEUS Surrounded by a double-layered membrane.
Control center of the cell The DNA with proteins form chromosomes The nucleolus is also found in the nucleus.
It produces ribosomes
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Ribosomes Function in protein
synthesis. They do not contain a membrane.
Found: Bound to ER Floating free in the
cytoplasm
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Consists of a network of membranous
tubules and sacs The ER is continuous with the nuclear
membrane There are 2 types:
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Smooth ER
Produces lipids & detoxifies drugs & poisons. It also helps in muscle contraction
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Rough ER
Antibody production Involved with membrane production
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Golgi Apparatus Series of flattened
membranous sacs, stacked like pita bread
Synthesis, storing, and shipping material
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Lysosomes
Bag of hydrolytic enzymes Intracellular digestion, autophagy,
and programmed destruction
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Vacuoles
Sacs that function in digestion, pumping excess material, storage, cell stabilizer, and are found in many protists and plants
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Mitochondria Converts energy to forms the cell can use It is a double membrane structure The outer membrane is smooth while the
inner membrane (cristae) is folded POWERHOUSE of the cell
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Chloroplast Convert light into energy:
Site of Photosynthesis Found only in plant cells Green in color: contains
CHLOROPHYLL ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
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Cytoskeleton Contains microtubules and
microfilaments Microtubules: straight hollow rods
that support and help organelles around the cell. They form centrioles
Microfilaments: function in muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming, amoeboid movement , and changes in cell shape
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Cell Wall
Is made of a material called cellulose Only found in plants
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Cytoplasm
Liquid portion of the cell All organelles are contained within the
cytoplasm.
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Centrioles
Made up of microtubules Help direct mitosis.
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PLANT CELLS vs ANIMAL CELLS
Have a cell wall Contain
chloroplasts Can do
photosynthesis Large central
vacuole mitochondria
•No cell wall
•No Chloroplasts
•No photosynthesis
•Mitochondria•centrioles