The Cell The cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out life processes.
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Transcript of The Cell The cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out life processes.
The CellThe cell is the smallest unit of life that can
carry out life processes.
Discoveries Leading to The Cell TheoryRobert Hooke – 1665 -observed cork
through a light microscope.Anton Van Leewenhoek – 1675 -
observed LIVING cells. Matthias Schleiden – 1883 –plants are
made of cells.Theodor Schwann – 1839 –animals are
made of cells
The Cell TheoryThe cell theory states that:
1.all living organisms are made of one or more cells,
2.cells are the basic units of structure and function,
3.cells come only from pre-existing cells.
Prokaryotic CellProkaryotic-
cells that do not have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structuresMost unicellular
organisms are prokaryotes.
Bacteria
Eukaryotic CellEukaryotic-
Cells that do have a nucleus and internal membrane-bound structures.Most
multicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
Yeast and algae (unicellular, eukaryotes)
Plant and animal
Cytoplasm – Gel like material that protects, supports and suspends organelles.
Features Common to Cells:
Features Common to Cells:Cell membrane – Flexible, semi-permeable membrane
that allows some materials in and keeps others out. This helps to maintain cellular homeostasis.
Nucleus
“Command center”Surrounded by a
nuclear envelopeContains genetic
material: chromatinchromosomes
Chloroplast – green pigments of plant cells
Examples:Chloroplast – Located in plant cells, some bacteria,
and protists. Capture light energy to produce and store food Contain chlorophyll-green pigment that traps light
energy
Cell wallRigid outer
covering PLANT CELLS
Located outside the cell membrane
Provides support and protection
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Parts of the Cell
Cytoskeleton – tiny fibers that give structure and support to the cell.
Features Common to Cells:
Ribosomes– site where proteins are made
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Series of folded membranes allow a large amount of work to be done in a small amount of space
Transportation unit for the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)Ribosomes attachedProtein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSeries of folded membranes allow a large amount
of work to be done in a small amount of spaceTransportation unit for the cell• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
– Produce and store lipids
Golgi ApparatusVesicles
Flattened tubular membranes
Packaging plantModify, sort,
package, and transport proteins throughout the cell
VACUOLESStorage sacs
Temporary storage of materialsStore food,
enzymes, waste
Plant cells have one large vacuole.
Animal cells have many small vesicles.
LYSOSOMESContain digestive
enzymesDigest excess or
worn organelles, food particles, viruses, and bacteria
Surrounded by membrane that prevents it from destroying the cell
Can burst causing cell death
Chapter 4MitochondriaCellular respiration -converts food into
energyCell “Powerhouse”Number of mitochondria depends upon the
function of the cellEx: muscles cells have more mitochondria than
fat cells
Centriole
Help with cell reproduction
Only found in animal cells
Cilia and FlagellaAid in movement
and feedingComposed of
microtubulesCilia-short,
numerous hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion
Flagella-long, whip-like projections
Plant cell vs. Animal Cell
Plant vs Animal cells Animal Cell vs. Plant cell
Animal Cell DO contain centrioles. DO NOT contain a cell wall or plastids.
Plant Cell DO contain a cell wall, plastids, and a large
central vacuole.
DO NOT contain centrioles