The Beginnings of Modernization: Industrialization and Nationalism, 1800-1870.
The Beginnings of Industrialization. The Industrial Revolution Definition: the greatly increased...
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Transcript of The Beginnings of Industrialization. The Industrial Revolution Definition: the greatly increased...
The Beginnings of Industrialization
The Industrial Revolution• Definition: the greatly increased output of machine-made
goods that began in England in the middle 1700s
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
• Wealthy landowners began buying small farms, putting up a fence around the larger fields: enclosures • POS: tried new agricultural methods• NEG: forced small farmers to move to city or tenant farm
• 1701 Jethro Tull invented the seed drill: boosted crop yields
• Crop rotation: rotating crops to keep soil rich (wheat depleted resources, and turnips restore nutrients)
• Selective Breeding: started breeding best animals only=increased food supply=increased population
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England
• Britain had all factors of production: resources needed to produce goods and services
LAND LABOR CAPITAL
• Industrialization: the process of developing machine production of goods; requires natural resources
• Other Factors: • Britain’s economy was expanding (ex: banks gave loans)• Britain had political stability (ex: no wars)
Inventions Spur Industrialization• First industry to be transformed was textile industry major
inventions like:
Flying Shuttle
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
• machines too large for homes, moved to factories: large buildings near water
• Eli Whitney’s cotton gin 1793: cotton production skyrocketed
Improvements in Transportation• James Watt built a faster, more efficient steam engine• Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, manages, and takes on
the risks of a business• Robert Fulton built the first steamboat• Canals (human-made waterways) were created to improve
water transportation in England• John McAdam improved roads-led to tollroads
The railway Age Begins
• After 1820 railroad locomotive(steam engine on wheels) drove England’s industry
• 1804 Richard Trevithick built steam-driven locomotive• 1830 Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened• 4 major effects of locomotive: • 1) spurred industrial growth bc cheap way to transport goods • 2) created new jobs • 3)boosted agricultural and fishing industries bc could transport
products to far cities • 4)allowed ppl to take far city jobs