The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21%...

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The Atmosphere •Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium and other gases

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Transcript of The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21%...

Page 1: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

• Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth–78% nitrogen–21% oxygen–1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium and other gases

Page 2: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

• Life on Earth would not exist without the atmosphere–Blocks UV rays–Provides Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide for living things

–Allows light to reach the surface–Keeps the Earth warm

Page 3: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

• Early Earth–Contained no oxygen–Bacteria started to photosynthesize about 4 billion years ago•Added oxygen to the atmosphere and conditions for other living things improved

Page 4: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

• Layers of the atmosphere–Troposphere- Surface to 10 km above the surface•Contains 90% of the gases of the atmosphere

•Most weather occurs here

Page 5: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

–Stratosphere- 10 km to 50 km above the Earth•Air is less dense

•Contains the ozone layer

•Planes fly in the stratosphere

Page 6: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

The Atmosphere

–Mesosphere- 50 km to 80 km

–Thermosphere- 80 km- 500km

–Exosphere- 500 km to space•Air is very thin in these three layers

Page 7: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Assignment

• P. 175 1-4

• Keep this and add the next assignment to it

Page 8: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Climate

•Weather- The local conditions in an area at a given time

•Climate- The long term average conditions in an area

Page 9: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Climate

• Consists of:–Precipitation

–Temperature

–Humidity

–Winds

Page 10: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Climate

• What determines climate?–Latitude

–Air circulation

–Proximity to oceans

–Air circulation

–Geography

Page 11: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Latitude

• How far from the equator a location lies–Sun angle decreases as you move from the equator

Page 12: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

• Air is heated at the equator, rises and then cold air replaces it from the poles–This causes winds and precipitation to form in the tropics

Page 13: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

• Cool air from the tropics moves away toward the poles and sinks at 300 latitude.–This causes the air to become dry and deserts form

Page 14: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

• Air that sinks at 300 rises again at 600. –This causes precipitation in the temperate regions of the Earth

Page 15: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

• The air that rises at 600 sinks at the poles –This causes the air there to be very dry and cold

Page 16: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Ocean Circulation Patterns• Ocean currents have a great

effect on climate–Warm currents warm areas that would normally be and cold currents cool areas that would normally be warm•Ex. London is relatively warm due to the Gulf Stream

Page 17: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Ocean Circulation Patterns

• Oceans moderate temperatures in areas causing them to have cool summers and warm winters–Ex. Los Angeles

Page 18: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Local Geography• Elevation has a large impact on

climate–High elevations are cooler that low elevations•Ex. It snows regularly in Hawaii on top of a 20,000 ft volcano –Every 1000m the temperature drops 110 F

Page 19: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Local Geography

• Mountains also influence precipitation patterns–As moist air is forced up a mountain it loses the ability to hold moisture.

–This squeezes most of the moisture from the air

Page 20: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Local Geography

–This is called the orographic effect

–Rainforests occur on one side of a range and rain shadow deserts form on the other side of a mountain range

Page 21: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Local Geography

Page 22: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Seasonal Changes in Climate

• Seasons are caused by the orbit of the Earth around the sun–The Earth is tilted on its axis and this causes the sun angle to change throughout the year

Page 23: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.
Page 24: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Assignment

• P. 179 1-4

Page 25: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Greenhouse Earth

• The Earths atmosphere acts as the glass of a greenhouse–As sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere some of its energy is trapped by the gases•This keeps the Earth warm and hospitable for life

Page 26: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Greenhouse Gases

• Water Vapor

• Carbon Dioxide

• Chlorofluorocarbons

• Methane

• Nitrous Oxide

Page 27: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Greenhouse Effect

• It is suspected that increases in greenhouse gases are causing the Earth to heat up above its normal temperature–Burning of fossil fuels has caused levels of greenhouse gases to rise

Page 28: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Greenhouse Effect

• Some scientists believe that the Earth is heating up due to increased greenhouse gas production while others do not agree.

Page 29: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Global Warming

• The average temperature of the Earth has risen very slightly over the past 100 years–Is this due to greenhouse gases or is it due to natural events?

Page 30: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Global Warming

• We only have records back to 150 years ago–We do know that the climate has

changed drastically in the past (ice age etc.)

–We don’t know if the current change is due to man or if it is a result of changes that occur naturally

Page 31: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Global Warming

• Many people want to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide in order to combat climate change–Smaller cars–Energy efficient homes–Recycling–Conservation

Page 32: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Assignment

• P. 185 1-4

Page 33: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Ozone Layer

• Three oxygen atoms that are chemically combined–Absorbs UV radiation from the sun•Harmful to living things

Page 34: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Ozone Layer

• CFC’s have been accused of destroying the ozone layer–An ozone hole developed over Antarctica

–It has since become smaller since CFC’s were banned

Page 35: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Ozone Hole

• Effects of ozone depletion–It damages DNA in organisms

–UV radiation causes skin cancer

–Kills phytoplankton in the oceans which are the base of the food chain

Page 36: The Atmosphere Atmosphere- A thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth –78% nitrogen –21% oxygen –1% water vapor, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium.

Assignment

• P. 188 1-4


By: Drew Harris. atmosphere Water vapor Humidity What is atmosphere ? Atmosphere is the air that surrounds Earth. It was formed millions of years ago.

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