The Atlantic WorldChapter 20

Section 1: Spain Build and American Empire

The Voyages of Columbus

1492 the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria sailed out of a Spanish port

Columbus thought he was in East India, really in the Bahamas in the Caribbean

Wanted to find gold, staked claim to the islands and returned to Spain

Columbus voyages

Columbus voyages

The Spanish crown sent Columbus back to establish colonies (- lands that are controlled by another nation) and sent him back with 17 ships and over 1,000 soldiers

Other Explorers

Cabral and Vespucci both sailed for Portugal, they thought they had reached Asia but it was really South America. America is named after Amerigo Vespucci

Magellan: with 250 men and 5 ships sailed around the world going around the tip of South America. Magellan died on trip and only one ship and only 18 men made it back and it took 3 years.

Spanish Conquest in Mexico

Cortez (who we know went to battle with the Aztecs) claimed Mexico for Spain

By the 16th century Spain had conquered much of South America

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest: Spanish settlers to the Americas were mostly men called peninsulares. These men married or had children with local women and created a mestizo (or mixed Spanish and Native American) population. The Spanish used encomienda (where natives labored for the peninsulares like slaves)

Cortes

Portuguese in Brazil

Cabral named Brazil for Portugal. Settlers did not find much gold or silver so they began to grow sugar which was in high demand in Europe

Spain’s Influence ExpandsThe Spanish colonies helped make it the richest most powerful nation in the 16th century

Ponce de Leon landed in Florida and claimed it for Spain

Spain also claimed Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas

Catholic priest help to colonize the Americans

The priest and natives disliked the treatment of the natives and they began to rise up against Spanish rule

Sec. 1 question

Why did Spain become so powerful during the 16th Century?

Section 4 Columbian Exchange and Global Trade

The colonization of the Americas dramatically changed the world. It prompted both voluntary and forced migration of millions of people

Colonization resulted in the exchange of ideas and goods

Columbian Exchange - the global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas

Columbian Exchange

From the America to Europe, Africa and Asia: squash, sweet potato, avocado, peppers, peanut, potato, tomato, corn, tobacco, pumpkin, turkey, pineapple, cacao bean, beans, vanilla

From Europe, Africa and Asia to the America: cattle, sheep, pig, horse, wheat, rice, barley, oats, disease, peach, sugar cane, honeybee, banana, grape, citrus fruits, onion, olive, turnip, coffee beans,

The rise of capitalismcapitalism- the economic system based on the private ownership and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit.

No longer were governments the sole owners of wealth

The money supply increase which caused inflation

joint stock company much like today’s corporations, investors would buy shares of stock in the company.

each country wanted a favorable balance of trade

Section 4 Question

What were some of the positive and negative consequences of the Columbian Exchange?