The Art of Questioning: Introducing the Question ... · The Art of Questioning: Introducing the...
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The Art of Questioning: Introducing the Question Formulation Technique™ by Wong Kah Wei Head, Learning Services NUS Libraries
Transcript of The Art of Questioning: Introducing the Question ... · The Art of Questioning: Introducing the...
The Art of Questioning: Introducing the Question Formulation Technique™
by Wong Kah WeiHead, Learning Services
NUS Libraries
Introducing…Question Formulation Technique ™• “a simple yet rigorous process that teaches students to produce, improve and prioritize their questions.”
‐‐ by the Right Question Institutehttps://rightquestion.org/
• Adapted for this workshop with 5W 1H questions and PESTLE framework
Questions
Who is Kah Wei?Why is she teaching how to question?Why Question Formulation Technique and not something else?Will this workshop be worth my time?Will she end on time?
Question and question again
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
What are 5W 1H questions?
WhatWhereWhenWhoWhyHow
Singapore’s Favorite Food (2min)
1. Match the Question to the Answer.
2. Go to: http://bit.ly/2Mn71w3
Singapore’s favorite foodIt is a dish of rice, chicken and it is served with a bowl of chicken soup
What is chicken rice?
Chicken rice is delicious and cheap. Why do Singaporeans like chicken rice?
Singaporeans Who loves to eat chicken rice?Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice at Maxwell Food Centre
Where can I find the best chicken rice?
Singaporeans eat chicken rice all the time!
When do Singaporeans eat chicken rice?
Remove fat from chicken to cook rice. Rub chicken with salt. Boil chicken.
How do you cook chicken rice?
Question to find out somethingWhat information do you expect to find
when you question?
Questioning with 5W 1HQuestion To find out… ExamplesWhat definition,
description, examples
What is climate change?vsWhat is global warming?What data proves climate change?
Questioning with 5W 1HQuestion To find out… Examples
When frequency of occurrence
How often do we experience extreme temperatures?
time and period of the occurrence
When was the last drought in Singapore?How long was the drought?
Questioning with 5W 1HQuestion To find out… ExamplesWhere place
locationcountrymarket
How are Asian countries affected by climate change?
Which part of Singapore has the most rainfall in a year?
Question To find out… ExampleWho people affected
influencersdecision makerspeople with resources
Which communities are at risk of flooding?
Questioning with 5W 1H
Question To find out… ExampleWhy reasons
justificationscausesmotivations
Why do we continue to use coal?
Why are we not using water rationing to change water consumption behavior?
Questioning with 5W 1H
Question To find out… ExampleHow method
processtechnologytools
How efficient are solar cells compared to wind turbines when generating energy?
Questioning with 5W 1H
Question Formulation Technique™
Question Formulation Technique™
• Produce your own questions• Improve your questions• Prioritize your questions
QFocus:Singapore should introduce laws to
fight fake news
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Ask questions!
QFocus:Singapore should introduce laws to
fight fake news
• Ask questions to examine the QFocus. • Apply 5W 1H.• Write and number questions in Worksheet.• Follow the 4 Rules.
4 Rules
1. Ask as many questions as you can.2. Do not stop to discuss, do not judge questions, do not
answer any questions.3. Write every question exactly as it is stated.4. Change any statement into a question.
QFocus: Singapore should introduce laws to fight fake news
# (A) Questions (B) What information do you expect to get?
1 What is fake news?2345678
4 Rules
1. Ask as many questions as you can.2. Do not stop to discuss, do not judge questions, do not
answer any questions.3. Write every question exactly as it is stated.4. Change any statement into a question.
QFocus: Singapore should introduce laws to fight fake news
# (A) Questions1 What is fake news?2 Why should the government want to fight fake news?3 Is fake news really bad? 4 Are laws the only way to fight fake news? 5 Aren’t there existing laws we could impose? 6 What are examples of fake news in Singapore?7 Why should Singapore fight fake news now?8 Why should we care about fake news?
# (A) Questions (B) What information do you expect to get?
1 What is fake news? Definition or description 2 Why should the government want to fight
fake news?3 Is fake news really bad? 4 Are laws the only way to fight fake news? 5 Aren’t there existing laws we could impose? 6 What are examples of fake news in
Singapore?7 Why should Singapore fight fake news now?8 Why should we care about fake news?
Improve questions• Review the questions and the information you want. • Improve the question if necessary.
# (A) Questions (B) What information do you expect to get?
3 Is fake news really bad?Why is fake news bad?
What are the impacts of fake news?
Reasons why fake news is being condemned
# (A) Questions1 What is fake news?2 Why should the government want to fight fake news?3 Is fake news really bad? What are the impacts of fake news?4 Are laws the only way to fight fake news?
What are other methods used to fight fake news?5 Aren’t there existing laws we could impose?
What are the existing laws we have to fight fake news?6 What laws are other countries imposing to fight fake news?7 What are examples of fake news in Singapore?8 Why should Singapore fight fake news now?9 Why should we care about fake news?
Are Singaporeans able to discern fake news?
Improve questions
• Have you asked all 5W 1H questions?• Ask any missing 5W 1H question
# (A) Questions1 What is fake news?2 Why should the government want to fight fake news?3 What are the impacts of fake news?4 (How) What are other methods used to fight fake news?5 (How) What are the existing laws we have to fight fake news?6 (Where)What laws are other countries imposing to fight fake news?7 What are examples of fake news in Singapore?8 (When)Why should Singapore fight fake news now?9 (Who) Are Singaporeans able to discern fake news?
Pause & Reflect• Give 1 word or phrase why we should ask all 5W 1H questions.• Go to this link
Prioritize questions
• Review your questions.• Select 3 questions which are most important for you to understand fake news better.
• Copy and paste selected questions from (A) and (B) to the table on Page 2 of Worksheet.
Search for answers to your questions
1st search:o Copy and paste
“Are Singaporeans able to discern fake news?” into Google.
o Find the answer and write in (C).
# (A) Questions (B) What information do you expect to get?
(C) Answers
9 Are Singaporeans able to discern fake news?
Singaporeans’ media literacy skills
2nd search:o Copy and paste
“Singaporeans’ media literacy skills” into Google.
o Find the answer and write in (C).
Search and find answers (15min)
Pause & Reflect
• Review the answers to your 3 questions by considering the QFocus:Singapore should introduce laws to fight fake news
• Do you have enough information to form an opinion?
• Go to this link to give your answer.
Question and question again
Ask Questions
Search for Answers
Ask More Questions
Found Answers
Question from multiple perspectives
Question from multiple perspectives with PESTLE
• Various stakeholders’:o perspectives or viewso concernso influences
• Various contexts.• How do these affect the issue?• Use PESTLE framework.
Political What is the government’s agenda? What are their concerns?What is the political party’s agenda?
Economic What would businesses lose or gain?How will the economy be affected?
Social What ideals do people value the most?What are the concerns of various ethnic communities?
Technological What methods are currently being used?What systems are in place?
Legal What law is being enforced?What are the areas in which the law does not protect?
Environmental How does the physical location affect this?How does the digital environment affect this? 37
Questioning using PESTLE
How do I enjoy a great date in Singapore? (2min)
• Match PESTLE factors to the questions.• Go to this link:
https://bit.ly/2XQ7ybV
What PESTLE factor is missing?
Question again using PESTLE
• QFocus: Singapore should introduce laws to fight fake news
• Use PESTLE to question.
Activity (5min):Question again using PESTLE
PESTLE factor QuestionsEnvironmental 1. How can the social media environment be controlled?
2. What can we do to connect with our friends in the digital environment in safe way?
• Question the influences or concerns of each PESTLE factor on the introduction of laws
• Select 1 PESTLE factor to question• Apply 4 Rules
4 Rules
1. Ask as many questions as you can.2. Do not stop to discuss, do not judge questions, do not
answer any questions.3. Write every question exactly as it is stated.4. Change any statement into a question.
• Select at least 1 question to search.• Copy and paste your question in Google to find answers.• Write your answers in the table.
PESTLE factor Questions AnswersPoliticalEconomicSocialTechnologicalLegalEnvironmental
Political What is the government’s agenda? What are their concerns?What is the political party’s agenda?
Economic What would businesses lose or gain?How will the economy be affected?
Social What ideals do people value the most?What are the concerns of various ethnic communities?
Technological What methods are currently being used?What systems are in place?
Legal What law is being enforced?What are the areas in which the law does not protect?
Environmental How does the physical location affect this?How does the digital environment affect this? 44
Questioning using PESTLE
Check…
• Review all your answers.• What information do you have so far?
Should Spore introduce laws to fight fake
news?
What?Why?
Victims
Reasons for creating
DefinitionWho?
When?
Countries affected
Impacts
Reasons for spreading
Spreaders
Creators
Mainstream media
Social media
Where?
Elections
How?
How it is spread
How it is created
How to stop it
Paid trolls
Laws Media literacy programs
Filters
Examples
Make $ Spread ideology Alert people
Elderly
State actors
Social media companies
Fact‐checkers
Easy to click on share
In summary…Question Formulation Technique™
1. Ask many questions using 5W 1H
2. Improve questions3. Prioritize questions
Search for answers
Found answers
To find out more about the issue
To consider the issue from multiple perspectives
Reflect
Question Formulation Technique™
1. Ask many questions using PESTLE
2. Improve questions3. Prioritize questions
Search for answers
Found answers Reflect
Question Formulation Technique™1. Ask many questions
using 5W 1H
Search for answers
Found answers
Find out more about the issue
Scope and frame problem statement (QFocus)
Reflect
Question Formulation Technique™1. Ask many questions
using PESTLE
Search for answers
Found answers
Reflect
Consider the issue from multiple perspectives
Question Formulation Technique™1. Question the QFocus
Scope and frame problem statement (QFocus)
Singapore should introduce laws to fight fake news Why should I focus on Singapore?
When are laws going to be introduced? How does this impact my research?
What is fake news? Deliberate acts to deceive with political and financial motivations?
Should I consider just laws to remove fake news or also laws to protect freedom of speech?
What is “fight”?Prevent, protect, redress?
Question Formulation Technique™1. Ask many questions
using 5W 1H
Search for answers
Found answers
Find out more about the issue
Scope and frame problem statement (QFocus)
Reflect
1. Ask many questions Reflect
Consider the issue from multiple perspectivesQuestion Formulation Technique™
1. Ask many questions using PESTLE
Search for answers
Found answers Reflect
Increase knowledge base
Informed decisions & responses
Habit of inquiry with healthy skeptism
Q&A
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