The Amazing Brain Weighs about 3 pounds Major portions: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem...
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Transcript of The Amazing Brain Weighs about 3 pounds Major portions: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem...
![Page 1: The Amazing Brain Weighs about 3 pounds Major portions: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem Made of about 100 billion neurons.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e0e5503460f94af8bb7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Amazing Brain
•Weighs about 3 pounds
•Major portions:•Cerebrum•Diencephalon•Cerebellum•Brainstem
•Made of about 100 billion neurons
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The Amazing Brain•Cerebrum•Largest portion•Higher mental functions
•Diencephalon•Processes sensory input
•Brain Stem•Coordinates and regulates visceral activities
•Cerebellum•Coordinates muscle movements
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Cerebrum•Largest portion•2 cerebral hemispheres•connected by CORPUS CALLOSUM
•Many convolutions to increase surface area
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Cerebrum
•Divided into lobes •Frontal lobe•Parietal lobe•Temporal lobe•Occipital lobe
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Cerebrum
•Performs higher brain functions•Interpreting sensory info•Coordinating muscle movement•Intelligence & personality
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CerebrumSpecial areas control different functions
A. Primary Motor Area(Frontal Lobe)
• Controls motor impulses
B. Frontal Association Area(Frontal Lobe)
• Thinking, planning, emotions, behavior
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CerebrumC. Premotor Area
(Frontal Lobe)• Behavior planning• Muscle movement for
various actions
D. Frontal Eye Field(Frontal Lobe)
• Coordinates voluntary eye movements
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CerebrumE. General Interpretive Area
a.k.a. Wernicke’s Area (Temporal Lobe)
• Recognition of written and spoken language
F. Broca’s area (Temporal Lobe)
• Coordinates muscles that create speech
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CerebrumG. Somatosensory area
(Parietal Lobe)• Limb position, touch
sensations
H. Visual Area(Occipital Lobe)
• Sight• Identification of things
we see
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Hemisphere Dominance
• Both cerebral hemispheres function in receiving and analyzing sensory input and sending motor impulses to the opposite side of the body.
• Most people exhibit hemisphere dominance for the language-related activities of speech, writing, and reading.
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Hemisphere Dominance
• 90% of the population exhibits left hemisphere dominance• Some are right hemisphere dominant• Some have equal dominance in both hemispheres
• The non-dominant hemisphere specializes in nonverbal functions and controls emotions and intuitive thinking.
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Frontal Lobe Higher level functions: emotions, reasoning, problem solving, judgment, movement, creativity
Parietal Lobe Somatosensory Info: touch, pain, taste, pressure
Temporal Lobe Hearing and language
Occipital Lobe Vision
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Ventricles•Interconnected cavities w/in cerebrum & brainstem•Filled with CSF
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Diencephalon
•Area between cerebral hemispheres
•Thalamus•Hypothalamus•Limbic System•Glands
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Diencephalon
•Thalamus = Switchboard
•Directs impulses from spinal cord to correct location in brain
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Diencephalon
Hypothalamus:•Heart rate & blood pressure• Body temp.• Water/salt balance• Hunger/weight• Movements & secretions ofstomach & intestines• Hormone secretion• Sleep & wakefulness
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Diencephalon
•LIMBIC SYSTEM –emotions & expression
•AMYGDALA•Recognizes facial expressions•Assesses situation and responds
•Primitive decision-making center•Emotions
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Diencephalon
•LIMBIC SYSTEM
•HIPPOCAMPUS•Memory•Spatial navigation
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Brainstem
•Connects cerebrum & spinal cord •Parts:•Pons- breathing rate
•Medulla Oblongata-•Heart rate, BP, Sneezing, coughing,vomitting
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Cerebellum
•coordinates skeletal muscle activity
•balance
•equilibrium
•maintains posture