The Aging Process and Optimal Nutrition Care
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The Aging Process and Optimal Nutrition Care
Amey Herald, MS, RDCACFP Program ConsultantNutrition and Health Services
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Objectives:
Identify physical and cognitive signs of aging
Identify factors for consideration when assessing nutrition status of ADC clients
Discuss essential nutrients for adults
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Three Areas of Physical Changes:
Body Composition
SensesOrgan Systems
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Changes in Body Composition
Muscle strength is lostBones become fragileReaction rates are slowerFalls and injuries are more likelyFewer calories are needed to maintain
body weight
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Changes in Senses: Taste & Smell
Sweet foods tasting bitter
Sour foods tasting metallic
Salty foods tasting bland
Lacking sense of smell will decrease appetite
All the more reason to aim for pleasant food aromas
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Changes in Senses: vision & hearing
Poor sight and poor hearing may lead to – A lack of interest in eating Problems following verbal directions
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Changes in Senses: Touch
Loss of touch impacts-Ability to pick up food or utensilsAbility to sense food temperatures
Results - more spills
more burns
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Changes in Organ Systems: Mouth and Throat
Missing TeethPoor Fitting DenturesNo teeth at allDifficulty swallowing due to disease or
medicines
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Changes in Organ Systems: GI Tract
Changes in the stomach can lead to difficult digestion
Poor muscle tone in the esophagus may allow food from the stomach to reflux, causing heartburn or indigestion
Slow movement of food through the intestines can lead to constipation
All of these can lead to poor appetite
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Changes in Cognition:
Decline at varying rates - slowly or dramatically
May be caused by periods of illness or medications
Confusion or Agitation at meal time
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Nutrition Needs of ADC Clients
Unique for each client Influenced by sensory
losses, oral health problems, illness or disabilities, medications
A nourished body can improve overall health and help maintain independence!!
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Assess Nutrition Status
Why? For meeting individual needs
Purpose? To Identify and Treat nutritional problems
A problem of poor nutritional status can affect all other aspects of the client’s life and vice versa.
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Assess Nutrition Status
Food likes Food dislikes Food allergies Cultural or religious dietary requirements Dental problems Chewing or swallowing problems Medical conditions and medications requiring special
dietsConsidering these factors can help prevent or treat
problems of poor nutrition.
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DETERMINE: Warning Signs
Disease
Eating Poorly
Tooth Loss/Mouth Pain
Economic Hardship
Reduced Social Contact
Multiple Medications
Involuntary Weight Loss/Gain
Need of Assistance in Self Care
Elder Years Above Age 80
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DETERMINE Checklist
Developed by the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NHI)
NHI recommends: a client should be seen by a doctor, RD or other healthcare professional for interventions to improve eating habits and lifestyle when the score is 3 or higher.
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Essential Nutrients for Adults
Carbohydrates, Protein and Fat= Energy
Older adults are more likely to develop protein malnutrition than younger adults
Bodies are more easily injured and require protein to repair the tissues
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Essential Nutrients for Adults
Older adults tend to absorb and utilize some vitamins and minerals less efficiently due to normal aging and medications.
Requirements of vitamins and minerals may be greater!
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Essential Nutrients for Adults
FIBER
Naturally found in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and legumes
Constipation can be caused by inactivity, poor diet, inadequate fluid intake or medications
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Essential Nutrients for Adults
FLUIDS• Many older adults do
not feel thirsty• The caregiver must
take responsibility
How?• Encourage a cup
between meals • Offer frozen juice bars,
fruit slush or smoothies as part of an activity
• Offer decaffeinated• Monitor swallowing
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Is nutrition status part of the Individualized Plan of Care ?
Identify goals and interventions to treat problems or maintain strengths
Implement strategies Evaluate the outcomes
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Kellog’s Rice Krispy Treats
Creditable towards the grain/bread Creditable towards the grain/bread requirement at requirement at snacksnack, but , but only only in the in the following amounts:following amounts:
.78 oz/22 gram bar = .25 grain/bread serving.78 oz/22 gram bar = .25 grain/bread serving 1.3 oz/37 gram bar = .5 grain/bread serving1.3 oz/37 gram bar = .5 grain/bread serving 1.6 oz/45 gram bar = .75 grain/bread serving1.6 oz/45 gram bar = .75 grain/bread serving 1.7 oz/48 gram bar = .75 grain/bread serving1.7 oz/48 gram bar = .75 grain/bread serving
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Kraft Velveeta Cheese is not creditable
It is a “processed cheese product”It is a “processed cheese product”
Any item labeled with the wording Any item labeled with the wording “imitation”“imitation” cheesecheese or or cheese “product”cheese “product” is is not creditablenot creditable towards meal pattern requirements.towards meal pattern requirements.
Review the Food Buying Guide, footnote #14 Review the Food Buying Guide, footnote #14 on page 1-23.on page 1-23.
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www.fns.usda.gov/tn/
Click on Resource Library on left hand side
Click on Food Buying Guide for Child Nutrition Programs