The Age of Jackson The Age of Jackson President Andrew Jackson defined a period of American history.
The Age of Jackson
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Transcript of The Age of Jackson
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The Age of
Jackson1829 - 1837
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Presidential Election John Quincy Adams is elected president
over Jackson in 1824 Jackson won the popular vote, but neither
candidate received a majority in the electoral vote
Corrupt Bargain – Henry Clay influenced the House of Representatives to elect Adams and was appointed Clay Secretary of State
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Voting Requirements Prior to 1828 majority of Americans were
content with allowing the aristocracy to select the President.
Aristocracy – wealthy, educated, privileged class
By 1828 most states got rid of property qualifications for voting, therefore more people could vote
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Election of 1828 Adams – characterized as an intellectual
elitist Jackson – characterized as a man of
humble origins, “president for the common man” In reality Jackson was a wealthy
plantation owner
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General JacksonGeneral Jackson’’s Military s Military CareerCareer
General JacksonGeneral Jackson’’s Military s Military CareerCareer
Defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814Defeated the British at
New Orleans in 1815Took Florida and
claimed it for the US in 1819.
Loved by his soldiers called him “Old Hickory”
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1824, Thomas Jefferson said of Jackson
“When I was President of the Senate he was a Senator; and he could never speak on
account of the rashness of his feelings. I have seen him attempt it repeatedly, and as often choke with rage. His passions are no doubt cooler now….BUT HE IS A DANGEROUS
MAN.”
jackson the man
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Jackson’s Top Ten10. Andrew Jackson was the first President from
a state west of the Appalachian Mountains. 9. Andrew Jackson was the first Tennessean to
serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. 8. Andrew Jackson was the first territorial
Governor of Florida.7. Andrew Jackson was the first person to serve
as a U.S. Representative, Senator, and President.
6. Andrew Jackson exercised his veto power 12 times as President, more than all of his predecessors combined.
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Jackson’s Top Ten5. Andrew Jackson was the first
President to articulate that as President he represented all the people and the will of the majority must govern.
4. Andrew Jackson helped found and was the first U.S. President to represent the Democratic Party.
3. Andrew Jackson is the only U.S. President to be censured by the U.S. Senate. The censure (official criticism) was cancelled in the last year of his presidency.
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Jackson’s Top Ten
2. The first assassination attempt on a sitting U.S. President occurred on January 30, 1835, when Robert Lawrence failed to slay Andrew Jackson.
1. Andrew Jackson was the only President in American History to pay off the national debt and leave office with the country in the black.
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Rise of the Common Man and The New
Democracy
BricklayersBlacksmith
FarmersCarpenters
The Working Class
Powerful movement in the country to
expand involvement and participation of the common man in
democracy.
Land easy to obtain in the
West so property
qualifications were dropped
Education not as
important
•Common Man and the west become politically
powerful •Jackson brought democracy to the
Common man
Jackson stood for the
common man which was most of the population
Other Common Men in US History:
Davy CrockettSam Houston
Common man cluster
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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACYPeople should be governed as little possiblePeople should be governed as little possible
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACYWhatever governing needed to be done, it should be Whatever governing needed to be done, it should be
done by the done by the common man.common man. ““Government by the Government by the majority of people; instead of a government majority of people; instead of a government
governed by the upper class was introduced during governed by the upper class was introduced during JacksonJackson’’s Presidency.s Presidency.
New Democracy
• Property ownership/education not needed to vote• Growth of political power of the working class
• Increased number of elected officials• Land easy to get out West
• Ideas of the DOI become important and people saw inequalities in society..
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President Jackson Presidential veto - the right of a president to
reject bills passed by the legislature.
Spoils system – to the victor belongs the spoils
Rewarded loyal friends from the campaign with government positions
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Spoils System
Jackson’s policy was said to be product of the “kitchen cabinet,” a group of close friends who also served as his informal advisors
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President Jackson Indian Removal Act of 1830
Jackson believed assimilation would not work and reservations required too many soldiers to prevent white settlement
Indian Removal Act – a series of treaties that moved Native American Tribes west
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Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Supreme court rules that Georgia does not
have the right to regulate the Cherokee or invade its lands
Andrew Jackson on the subject: “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”
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Trail of Tears November 1838 – Cherokee made an
800-mile trip west Government officials stole their money Outlaws stole their livestock More than a quarter of the Cherokee
died along the way
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Don’t Drink the WaterCome out, come out no use in hidingCome out, come out can you not see?
There’s no place here, what were you expecting?Not room for both, just room for me
So you will lay your arms downYes I will call this home
Away, away you’ve been banishedYour land is gone and given to me
And as you go I will spread my wingsYes I will call this home
Don't Drink the Water
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Tariff of 1828Tariff of Abominations
Limited exports from Great Britain forcing the South to buy more expensive items from the North
John C. Calhoun – nullification Questioned the legality of applying federal
laws in sovereign states U.S. was a compact of sovereign states which
could nullify, or reject a law considered unconstitutional
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Jackson vs. Calhoun (Pres. vs. VP)
Jackson on Calhoun’s Beliefs on nullification & secession: “Our Union; it must
be preserved!”
Calhoun’s rebuttal:
“The Union, next to our liberty, the most dear; may we all remember that can only be preserved by respecting the rights of the States…”
Calhoun resigns as VP in 1832…
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Jackson on Calhoun & Clay…
"I have only 2 regrets: that I have not shot Henry Clay or hanged John C. Calhoun."
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South Carolina Rebels Tariff of 1832 caused South Carolina to
threaten to secede or withdraw from the Union
Jackson threatened military action against South Carolina
Henry Clay proposed a bill that would gradually decrease the taxes of 10 years
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The National Bank Viewed the bank as a “tool of the elite”
or “privileged institution” In 1832, Jackson vetoed the
re-chartering of the bank
Jackson began removing government funds and placing them in state banks called “pet banks”
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Panic of 1837 A direct result of the closing of the
National Bank “Pet banks” over-speculated and paper
money became nearly worthless People lost their savings, businesses went
bankrupt and 1/3 of the population was out of work
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Jackson’s Legacy Increase of respect and power for the
common man Voting rights expanded to all white
male adult citizens, rather than only land owners in that group
Increased the strength of the Executive branch at the expense of the Legislative branch
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Conflicts in Jackson’s Administration Tariff Nullification Indian Second Bank Panic of 1837 – Specie Circular
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Texas Saga Austin Houston Alamo San Jacinto Sectionalism – Slavery – Annexation debate
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Politics Old Hickory Corrupt Bargain Kitchen Cabinet Spoils System Universal Manhood Suffrage Jacksonian Democrats