Age of Andrew Jackson Age of Andrew Jackson

• Steps leading to Jacksonian Democracy– Previous President James

Monroe• Adams-Onis Treaty• Missouri Compromise• Monroe Doctrine• Regional Differences• American System• Supreme Court Decisions

James MonroeJames MonroeElected 5th President in 1816

“Era of Good Feeling”Last of the founding Fathers

New LandClaims Oregon Territory

Acquires Florida from Spain

Adams-Onis Treaty • Established a clear broader with Spain

• Florida became put of the United States

James MonroeJames MonroeMissouri Compromise of 1820

Senate in 1820 – 22 North 22 South

New State: MissouriSlave or Free?

COMPROMISE• Missouri a slave state• Maine a free state• 36 30’ line

Free

Slave

Missouri Compromise• Maine admitted as a free state

• Missouri admitted as a slave state

• 1:1 ratio from now on or UNTIL CIVIL WAR

James MonroeJames Monroe

Monroe DoctrineThe Americas are no longer available for colonization by any European power.

The political system of the Americas is different from Europe. Republics rather than Monarchies

The USA would regard as a threat to its peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.

The United States will not interfere in European affairs.

Regional Economies Create Difference

Northern StatesSmall FarmersFactories- Fast flowing rivers- interchangeable partsLocal Workers / MerchantsFederalists

Southern StatesLarge Farmer/ Plantations-Slavery Doubled becauseof the Cotton Gin Anti-Federalists

orDemocratic-RepublicansAristocracy

Western States

Followed the SouthFarmingDemocratic-Republicans

American System by Henry Clay

1. Establishing a protective tariff

2. Strengthening the National Bank

3. National Transportation System

Strengthening the Federal Government

• McCulloch v. Maryland– states can’t pass laws the overturn a law

passed by congress.

• Gibbons v. Ogden– Congress and not the states had the power to

regulate interstate trade.

The Age of Jackson;

Extender of democracy, or a

tyrannical despot?

Election of 1824: The corrupt bargain

• Jackson won the popular vote

• There was no winner of majority of electoral college

• Clay withdrew allowing J.Q. Adams to be chosen

• Clay became Sec. Of State!

John Quincy Adams

Election of 1824John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

Jackson wins popular vote and electoral vote

No majority winner

House of Representatives decides

The “Corrupt Bargain”

Speaker of House Henry Clay sways vote to Adams

John Quincy Adams6th President of USA

 National Republicans (Whigs)

 

 Jacksonian Democrats

 Supported by northern industrialists and merchants (wealthiest Americans) In favor of the National Bank Supported Clay’s American System Sought to reduce the spoils system Southern states’ rights advocates angry at Jackson’s stand on nullification Sought to use national government to solve societies’ issues over states’ rights issues 

 Supported by the common people and political machines in the East Opposed the National Bank States’ Rights – Opposed to the American System Favored spoils system Anti-monopoly – favored increased competition Believed the federal government should not be involved in people’s personal lives

The Age of JacksonThe Age of JacksonPolitical Parties

National Republicans (Whigs) Jacksonian Democratics

Andrew JacksonAndrew JacksonPresident of the “common man”

States lessen voting restrictions – more common men vote.

Not a part of the VA / New England “Aristocracy”

Spoils System – placed his friends and supporters in key government positions

“To the victor goes the spoils”

Formation of the Democratic Party

• Extending political powers (suffrage)

• Undecided on the issue of tariffs

• Opposition to the National Bank

• Opposition to the American System (Henry Clay)

• Support Indian Removal and expansion

Key Terms to Know:

• Aristocracy: government in which power is given to the elite of society

• “Spoils System”: practice of giving public office (jobs) to political supporters

• Presidential Veto: power of President to prevent passage of a law

• Suffrage: the right to vote

Election of 1828;• Proved greater

suffrage and political activism

• Delegates worked through nominating conventions

• Americans were equal at the ballot box

• Jackson won!Jackson’s inauguration!

A New Democratic Spirit;

• Election of Andrew Jackson came at a time when the mass of American people participated in the electoral process.

• Suffrage was being extended which replaced the previous aristocratic government of the United States, as the distinction between aristocrats and the common man were disappearing.

Jackson’s Spoils System:• Jackson hired political

supporters to fill government jobs.

• “to the victor goes the spoils”

• Increased involvement in government by ordinary people

• Some good and some bad points...

This depiction shows how Jackson opened the White House to the public as took office.

Indian Removal:• To force Indians to reservations FURTHER west across Mississippi• A Georgia Law was overturned by the Marshall Court- Jackson

refused to enforce the decision• Led to “Trail of Tears” which forced tribes (Cherokee) out of

Georgia, many died!

Nullification Crisis: J. Calhoun

• Opposed the “Tariff of Abominations”

• Reduced cotton exports to England

• Calhoun devised nullification theory, based on VA and KY Resolutions

• Right of states to nullify national laws

Jackson Veto’s the “B.U.S.”

• Jackson viewed the bank as corrupt in favor of special interests

• He vetoed the bill for the Second Bank of the United States

• Jackson put U.S. money into “pet banks” in states

• This becomes the central issue in the election of 1832 (against Clay)

• Jackson’s re-election kills the bank

• His actions caused an economic depression resulting in the Panic of 1837

Andrew JacksonAndrew JacksonJackson vs The Bank

Jackson thought the US Bank was run by the elite.He vetoes the Bank’s re-charter.Then takes out all the money and places it in state banks.

The US Bank collapsesLeads to an economic depression called The Panic of 1837

What was the result of Jackson’s veto of the Bank of the United States?

1. The country became better off

2. He lost the next election

3. The nation had an economic collapse

Legacy of Jackson:

Extension of democratic participation...

Strengthen of presidential power...

Veto forces Congress to consider President...

Removal of Indians... Economic crisis...

Henry Clay boasted he would sew Jackson’s mouth shut- the two men opposed each other on the issue of the bank. Clay lost!

1.What was the “Corrupt Bargain”?

1. Jackson became President

2. Adams became President and Clay became the Secretary of State

3. Adams cheated and miscounted the votes

2. Greater government involvement by the common man was part of the:1. War on the Bank

2. Spoils System

3. Indian Removal

4. American System

3. Which of these was NOT a belief of the new Democratic Party?

1. Support of the National Bank

2. Support Indian Removal

3. Oppose the “American System”

4. Extending suffrage

4. The result of Jackson’s Indian Removal Policy was:

1. The Trail of Tears

2. The unconstitutional ruling of reservations by the courts

3. The creation of reservations in Indiana