Teori Pembelajaran

4 Mazhab Utama

Behavioris Kognitif Humanis

Pavlov

Thorndike

Skinner

Bandura.Gagne

Bruner

Ausubel

Sosial

Rogers

(Albert Bandura, Minot State University, n.d.)

While employed at Stanford, Bandura met the renowned psychologist Robert Sears who was exploring the familial antecedents of social behavior and learning and aggression in collaboration with Richard Walters.

This research led to a program of laboratory research into observational learning. This led Bandura to write his first book, entitled Adolescent Aggression.

BACKGROUND

Proses 1Proses 1 Proses 2Proses 2 Proses 3Proses 3

Perhatian Mengingat Reproduksi

•Pembelajaran hanya berlaku jika ada tumpuan perhatian

•Faktor :•Ciri model – umur, jantina, status dan hubungan dgn pemerhati.

•Kegunaan dan faedah•Kemahiran pemerhatian

•Pemerhati harus berupaya mengekalkan tingkah laku yang diperhatikan dalam ingatan.

•Dengan menggunakan bahasa dan imaginasi.

• Pemerhati harus berupaya mengekalkan tingkah laku yang diperhatikan dalam ingatan.

• Dengan menggunakan bahasa dan imaginasi.•Pemerhati harus berupaya melakukan semula tingkah laku yang ditirunya.• Kecekapan ini bergantung kepada keupayaan fizikal dan kemahiran tiruan motor pemerhati serta kemahiran mengingat dengan tepat.

Proses Pembelajaran Pemerhatian/Pemodelan

Proses 4Proses 4

Peneguhan/

Motivasi

•Peniruan berlaku sekiranya mendatangkan kepuasan, peneguhan positif /ganjaran.

•Tidak melakukan sekiranya didenda atau ditegur.

• Context

• Beliefs

Bandura proposed two factors as the major components of relatively permanent change:

Social Cognition

Bandura also develop triadic reciprocality model

of social and person causes.

(Albert Bandura: Biographical Sketch, n.d.)

The Bobo Doll Study The children were shown three

different endings to the video. The video first showed that the

adults were praised for their aggressive behavior.

The second group the adult was told to sit in a corner.

The third group showed the adult walk out of the room.

While controversial, Bandura maintained that his experiment demonstrated that children are influenced by witnessing or modeling of aggression in others.

“Self-efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to produce desired results by their own actions.”

Successful people usually have high self-efficacy.