Tensile Test Metal

Mechanical Engineering Technology

Materials Testing Laboratory

0610-304

Experiment Title: Tensile Testing Metals

Experiment Number: 0610-304

Date Submitted: 10/3/10

Data Secured Date: 9/27/10

Section: 0610-304-47

Name of Principal Author: Stephanie Ulman

Names of Contributors: Jesse Powers

Fredrik Chien

Instructor Name: Professor Medlar

Abstract:

Tensile Testing was done on four different materials are1018 Cold Drawn Steel, C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass, 6051-T6 Aluminum, and ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron. The tensile test is done to find the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and the percent of elongation of a material. The published and the experimental values were then compared. There was a wide vary of parentage differences across the board. Also from this test the C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass was the most ductile, the ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron was the most fragile, and 1018 Cold Drawn Steel had the highest strength. Objective: The tensile test was done to find the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and the percent of elongation of each material. The result data was compared to published values. Another objective is to find which material has the highest ductility, highest tensile strength and most fragile material. Results- Presentation of Data:

Material Do Df % Change Units

6061 - T6 Aluminum 0.358 0.226 58.41 in

C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass 0.359 0.217 65.44 in

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron 0.358 0.348 2.87 in

1018 Cold Drawn Steel 0.358 0.222 61.26 in

Table 1 shows the initial diameter, final diameter and parentage difference. The formula for percentage change between diameters is:

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 change =Do − Df

Df × 100

Material Ao Af %

reduction in area Units

6061 - T6 Aluminum 0.101 0.04 152.50 in^2

C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass 0.101 0.037 172.97 in^2

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron 0.101 0.095 6.32 in^2

1018 Cold Drawn Steel 0.101 0.039 158.97 in^2

Table 2 shows the initial area, final area and the parentage changed. The area is calculated by:

Area =πd2

4

The formula for change between area is:

Percent reduction in area =Ao − Af

Af × 100

6061 - T6 Aluminum Experimental Published %

Difference Units

Ut. Tensile Strength: 44767 45000 -0.52 psi

Yield Strength: 41300 40000 3.25 psi

Elastic Modulus: 9540000 10000000 -4.60 psi

% Elongation: 18 12 50.00 %

Table 3 shows 6061 –T6 Aluminum experimental and published data. This table also shows the percentage difference as well. The formula percent difference:

% difference =Experimental − Published

Published × 100

ALUMINUM:

1. For the aluminum the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and the elastic modulus experimental and published data are less than 5%.

2. Meanwhile, the percent elongation published and experimental data is -53.55%.

C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass Experimental Published % Difference Units


Yield Strength: 43300 45000 -3.78 psi


% Elongation: 25 25 -1.64 %

Table 4 shows C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass experimental and published data. This table also shows the percentage difference as well. BRASS:

1. The change between the published and experimental data for the ultimate tensile strength for the brass is 10.34%.

2. For the brass the yield strength and the percent elongation the change between experimental and published data is less than 5%.

3. Meanwhile the brass change between the experimental and the published data for the elastic modulus is 40.23%.

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron Experimental Published % Differnece

Units


Yield Strength: 31200 120000 -74.00 psi


% Elongation: 1 1 -11.80 %

Table 5 shows ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron experimental and published data. This table also shows the percentage difference as well. CAST IRON:

1. For the iron the difference between the published and experimental data in the

ultimate tensile strength is 6.27%.

2. The yield strength is 74% and it is the change between the published and the

experimental data.

3. The difference in the percentage of the published and the experimental data in

the elastic modulus is 30.12%.

4. The percent elongation for the iron is 11.8%.

1018 Cold Drawn Steel Experimental Published % Difference

Units

Ut. Tensile Strength: 93764 63800 46.97 psi

Yield Strength: 83600 53700 55.68 psi


% Elongation: 22 15 48.00 %

able 6 shows 1018 Cold Drawn Steel experimental and published data. This table also shows the percentage difference as well. STEEL:

1. For steel the difference between the published and experimental data in the

ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and percent elongation is close to -50%.

2. For the elastic modulus the difference between the published and the

experimental data less than 5%.

Elastic Modulus:

Figure 1 shows the elastic modulus experimental data. The material samples were 1018 Cold Drawn Steel, C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass, 6051-T6 Aluminum, and ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron.

1. 1018 Cold Drawn Steel is the highest elastic modulus with the value of 28500000 psi.

2. The lowest elastic modulus is the C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass with the data value of 8370000 psi.

95400008370000

11900000

28500000

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

Material

Elas

tic

Mo

du

lus

(psi

)

Elastic Modulus6061 - T6Aluminum

C3600 Half-Hard (HO2)Brass

ASTM A48Class 40 CastIron

1018 ColdDrawn Steel

Yield Strength:

Figure2 shows the yield strength experimental data. The material samples were 1018 Cold Drawn Steel, C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass, 6051-T6 Aluminum, and ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron.

1. 1018 Cold Drawn Steel is the highest yield strength. 1018 Cold Drawn Steel yield strength is 83600psi.

2. ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron is the least yield strength and the value is 31200 psi.

41300 43300

31200

83600

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

Material

Yiel

d S

tren

gth

(p

si)

Yield Strength

6061 -T6 Aluminum

C3600 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron

1018 Cold Drawn Steel

Ultimate Tensile Strength:

Figure 3 shows the ultimate tensile strength experimental data. The material samples were 1018 Cold Drawn Steel, C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass, 6051-T6 Aluminum, and ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron.

1. 1018 Cold Drawn Steel is the highest tensile strength. The value is 93764 psi. 2. ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron is the least tensile strength. Its value is 37493

psi.

44767

52006

37493

93764

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

Material

Ult

imat

e Te

nsi

le S

tren

gth

(p

si)

Ultimate Tensile Strength

6061 -T6 Aluminum

C3600 Half-Hard(HO2) Brass

ASTM A48 Class 40Cast Iron

1018 Cold Drawn Steel

Percent Elongation:

Figure4 shows the percent elongation experimental data. The material samples were 1018 Cold Drawn Steel, C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass, 6051-T6 Aluminum, and ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron.

1. C36000 Half Hard Brass is the highest percent elongation. 2. ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron is the least percent of elongation. The value is 1%.

18

25

1

22

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Material

% E

lon

gati

on

(%

) Percent Elongation

6961 - T6 Aluminum

C3600 half-Hard (HO2) Brass

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron

1018 Cod Drawn Steel

Figure 5 shows the brass, aluminum, cast iron, and steel experimental stress-strain curve.

1. The highest strain means the material is more ductile. From graph 5 C36000 Half-

Hard (HO2) Brass is the material with the higher strain.

2. The most fragile material will be the 1st material to break. From the graph the

ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron is the 1st material to break so it is the most fragile

material.

3. The highest strength will be the material with the highest peak value. The graph 5

shows that 1018 Cold Drawn Steel was the highest peak so therefore, it has the

highest strength.

Conclusions: In conclusion the tensile test showed that the C36000 Half-Hard (HO2) Brass was the most ductile, the ASTM A48 Class 40 Cast Iron was the most fragile, and 1018 Cold Drawn Steel had the highest strength. Also from this test the data did not match with the published values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and the percent of elongation.

Brass

Aluminum

Cast Iron

Steel

References: Matweb.com

Appendix: Specimen Results:

Specimen # Specimen

Comment

Diameter

in

Peak Load

lbf

Peak Stress

psi

Modulus

psi

Stress At

Offset Yield

psi

Break Stress

psi

1 Brass 0.359 5355 52905.7 8.368e+006 4.333e+004 3.926e+004

2 Al 0.358 4506 44767.3 9.549e+006 4.133e+004 3.204e+004

3 Cast Iron 0.358 3774 37492.6 1.188e+007 3.121e+004 3.749e+004

4 Steel 0.358 9438 93764.1 2.945e+007 8.359e+004 6.362e+004 Mean 0.358 5768 57232.4 1.481e+007 4.987e+004 4.310e+004

Std. Dev. 0.000 2530 25155.0 9.867e+006 2.310e+004 1.402e+004

Specimen # Strain At Break

%

Total Energy Absorbed

ft*lbf/in^2

1 24.586 1228

2 18.426 633

3 0.882 20

4 22.183 1757 Mean 16.519 909

Std. Dev. 10.728 750

Specimen Comments:

Specimen # Comments

1 Brass

2 Al

3 Cast Iron

4 Steel

All Specimen Graph

Individual Specimen Graphs

Specimen # : 1

Specimen # : 2

Specimen # : 3

Specimen # : 4

Tensile Test Metal

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