Tennis Facility Planning Guide

Tennis FacilityPlanning Guide

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Index

Minister’s and Executive Director’sforewords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

About this guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Key resources and references . . . . . . . 6

Principles of facility provision . . . . . . . . 7

Effective planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Efficient management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Considered research and design . . . . . . 7Financial management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Environmental sustainability . . . . . . . . . . 8

The facility planning process . . . . . . . . 9

Phase 1 – Club/community needs . . . . 10Phase 2 – Feasibility and site assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Phase 3 – Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Phase 4 – Construction process. . . . . . 15Phase 5 – Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Facility development considerations . . 18

Site investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Court layout and orientation . . . . . . . . . 19Base construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Court surface types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Court surface selection . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Multi-use courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Floodlighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Fencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Court equipment and accessories . . . . 34Grounds and surrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Clubhouses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35The environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Project funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

National Court Rebate Scheme . . . . . . 38Facility Loan Scheme. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Neale Fraser Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . 38Victorian government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Local government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Local community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Education sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Private sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Other agencies and funding programs .39

Further resources and information . . .40

Glossary and definitions . . . . . . . . . . .41

Appendix 1 – Club assessment tool - court surface selection . . . . . . . . . . .43

Appendix 2 – Case studies . . . . . . . . .44

Bundoora Tennis Club . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Sale Tennis Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Minister’s foreword

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Tennis is a sport enjoyed by an estimated420,000 Victorians annually. More than1,000 tennis clubs and centres areencouraging Victorians to play tennis and lead active lifestyles.

The Victorian Government has been astrong supporter of community tennisfacility development. This support hasbeen aimed at providing quality facilitiesfor all Victorians to enjoy a sport that ispart of our nation’s sporting culture.

That’s why the Victorian Government,through Sport and Recreation Victoria, is proud to have teamed up with TennisVictoria to develop this Tennis FacilityPlanning Guide.

The Tennis Facility Planning Guidewill help tennis clubs/organisations and councils plan for, and developsustainable tennis facilities that can be enjoyed by their local communities.

In this guide you’ll find tips on a widerange of facility development topics from planning through to construction.

We are confident this guide will become an invaluable tool when planning yourtennis facility and assist you to increaseparticipation in your club and community.

Working together we can improve more of our sporting facilities across the state,encouraging more Victorians to get active through sports like tennis.

HUGH DELAHUNTY MP

Minister for Sport and Recreation Minister for Veterans’ Affairs

Tennis is a sport that can be accessedand enjoyed by all members of thecommunity. Tennis Victoria aims to buildupon our state’s strong participation intennis by making the sport a part of everyVictorian’s life and advancing tennis asVictoria’s preferred game.

A key factor for people’s ability to accesstennis is the quality of courts andassociated facilities. That’s why TennisVictoria’s Strategic Plan includes the goalto “promote and support inclusive, qualityand sustainable tennis environments”.

Thank you to the Victorian Government for their support of tennis facilities andmaking this guide a reality. In partnershipwith Sport and Recreation Victoria, webelieve the Tennis Facility Planning Guidewill be an important resource for tennisclubs and councils to create an inclusive,quality and sustainable tennis environment.

There are over 5,500 tennis courts inVictoria with a broad range of surfaces,construction methods and maintenancetechniques. The Tennis Facility PlanningGuide will become a key tool for the tenniscommunity to use when planning anddeveloping tennis facilities.

We encourage tennis clubs/organisationsand councils to use the Guide, and alsoconsult Tennis Victoria, so that strongpartnerships are built for the benefit ofincreasing community participationthrough the sport of tennis.

MATTHEW KENNEDY

Executive DirectorTennis Victoria

Executive Director’sforeword

About this guide

This Tennis Facility Planning Guide (‘theGuide’) has been prepared in partnershipby the Victorian Government (Sport andRecreation Victoria) and Tennis Victoriaand seeks to provide guidance to tennisclubs/organisations and local councilsregarding tennis facility developmentprojects.

Improving community facilities is a keyfocus area of the Government in order to encourage more people to be activeand improve physical activity levels inVictoria.

In addition, providing welcoming,sustainable and quality tennisenvironments is one of Tennis Victoria’sfive strategic goals identified within itsStrategic Plan. Supporting clubs, facilityowners and managers to deliver theseenvironments is a key focus for TennisVictoria’s operational team.

The facility planning process is an essentialelement of providing quality tennis facilitiesthat can continually meet the needs ofclub members, participants,administrators, coaches, facility operators,local councils and communities.

Planning the development of a new orimproving an existing tennis facility is aninvolved process that will take time, effortand resources ‘to get it right’. Involvingstakeholders, communicating with localcouncils, combining club member skillsand engaging professional services are allimportant steps to consider.

This Guide provides an overview of thetennis facility planning process, and:

• identifies the key planning stages

• identifies facility provision principles

• highlights key resources available

• provides links to a range of industrysources

• identifies opportunities for projectfunding.

The purpose of the Guide is not to providedetailed technical information regardingevery step in the facility design andconstruction process, but to provide clubsand local councils with a common processand approach to tennis facilitydevelopment.

Typical tennis facility projectsThe Tennis Facility Planning Guideprovides information and processes for arange of typical local level tennis club andcentre facility projects.

The Guide will assist projects such as:

• facility development

• court construction or redevelopment

• court resurfacing and surfaceconversion

• water and sustainability initiatives

• floodlighting installation

• fence replacement

• clubhouse refurbishment or extension.

Development of the Guide is a keyoutcome of the Victorian Government’sand Tennis Victoria’s commitment toprovide quality tennis facilities toVictorians.

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Facilities Planning Framework(FPF)Tennis Victoria’s Facilities PlanningFramework (FPF) is designed to ensurethat current and future tennis facilityprovision is delivered through aresponsible, collaborative and targetedapproach.

The FPF has been developed by TennisVictoria in conjunction with independentconsultants and local and stategovernment representatives.

Key objectives of the FPF in relation tofacility development and provision are to:

1. Plan and share information.

2. Identify demand, opportunities andgaps.

3. Improve environmental sustainability.

4. Improve club sustainability.

The principles and objectives of the FPF will be used by Tennis Victoria tocollaborate with clubs, government andthe tennis industry.

Tennis 2020 – FacilityDevelopment and ManagementFrameworkTennis Australia’s Tennis 2020 clearlyidentifies two key foundations of tennissuccess: facilities and facilitymanagement.

Tennis 2020 provides a facilitydevelopment and management frameworkfor Australian tennis. The documentoutlines Tennis Australia’s CommunityTennis vision and approach to nurturingand advancing the prospects of tennis andits facilities in partnership with state andterritory member associations, clubs,government and other stakeholders.

Context

Key resources and references

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The following documents and referencematerial have been reviewed in thepreparation of this guide.

Information sources listed below willprovide an additional level of technicalinformation in the event that further detailis required.

Refer to the ‘Further resources andinformation’ section for information on how to access relevant resources.

Tennis QLD Technical ManualIn 2007 the Tennis Queensland TechnicalServices Advisory Group and TennisAustralia produced a Technical Manual forthe Design, Construction and Maintenanceof Tennis Facilities. This manual providestechnical level detail on a variety of tennisfacility development projects and isavailable via www.tennis.com.au/qld.

Australian StandardsMany elements of tennis facilityconstruction have relevant AustralianStandards. Examples include lighting andfencing standards that guide design,construction processes, selection and use of materials and various managementpractices.

Reference is made throughout the Guideto specific Australian Standards thatshould be used in tennis facilityconstruction projects.

More information on Australian Standardsis available via www.standards.org.au andspecific standards and documents areavailable for purchase viawww.saiglobal.com.

Artificial Grass for Sport GuideSport and Recreation Victoria's ArtificialGrass For Sport Guide targets the broadand differing needs of sporting clubs andassociations, the education sector andlocal government when installing artificialgrass.

Guide chapters are devoted to subjectareas such as planning, design, projectdelivery, management, maintenance andreplacement. The Guide outlines provenprocesses that deliver quality outcomes,highlights case studies and provides 'toptips' to achieve the best outcome.

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The preparation of Tennis Victoria’sFacilities Planning Framework identified anumber of key principles about tennisfacility provision and development acrossthe state. These principles include:

1. Effective planning.

2. Efficient management.

3. Considered research and design.

4. Financial management.

5. Environmental sustainability.

An explanation of key elements of eachprinciple is provided below.

1. Effective planning

All projects must be planned. Forplanning to be most effective, your projectmust align with the aspirations and overallstrategic direction of your club and bedefined within a club business plan orother relevant planning document.

To maximise the effectiveness of planningand alignment with other organisations, itis advisable for your project to align withcurrent local government sport, recreationand community development plans.

Consultation with a range of individualsand organisations outside of your club willhelp to identify an agreed project plan,potential partners, opportunities andmutual benefits.

2. Efficient management

Consider the scale of your project andpotential development. It is likely that alarge redevelopment may require a changein facility and/or club managementstructure.

It is important to prepare a likely scheduleof use for your improved facility thatidentifies all potential facility users (newand existing) and reflects managementrequirements needed to operate yourimproved facility.

3. Considered research and design

‘Do your homework’. In particular,consider all available options to firmlyidentify the preferred course of action.Your preferred option should bedocumented and be prepared with theassistance of appropriately qualifiedprofessionals.

If your project is to include the provision of a new or different court surface, select a range of suppliers and speak to otherclubs to find out the positives andnegatives of each surface. This will help to test their characteristics and suitabilityfor your members.

4. Financial management

The feasibility of all projects should beassessed for both the short and long-term. Lifecycle costs for key facilitycomponents should be considered inaddition to the initial capital investmentrequired. For larger scale projects such as the development of a regional tenniscentre, this is generally done through afeasibility study.

Clubs should also be aware that as yourfacility grows, so will your requirements on management, administration andmaintenance items. This should befactored into future club and facilitybudgeting.

Principles of facility provision

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5. Environmental sustainability

The continuation of drought conditionsand increasing scrutiny of the impact ofhuman activities on the environment willfurther support the move towards moreenvironmentally friendly club operationsand enhance the need for waterconservation plans at tennis clubs.

Tennis facility development projects shouldincorporate Environmentally SustainableDesign (ESD) principles where practical.Being environmentally sustainable refersmostly to water, energy use and wastemanagement. ESD principles will beparticularly relevant for court constructionand clubhouse projects, where drainageand water capture opportunities may beprovided.

Principles of facility provision

Environmental Policy TipsIt is important to consider TennisAustralia’s Court Surface Policy andTennis Victoria’s Court SurfacePosition Statement andEnvironmentally Friendly ClubsPolicy when assessing ESDprinciples.

Sport and Recreation Victoriarequires all facility fundingapplications to demonstrateconsideration of ESD principlesthrough facility design aspects.Sport and Recreation Victoria’s ESDInformation Sheet can be accessedvia www.grants.dpcd.vic.gov.au,clicking on Grants Finder andselecting the Community FacilityFunding Program.

In planning and delivering a successfulfacilities project, the following key phases(detailed in the following pages) of thefacility planning process should beundertaken. Further explanation of eachphase is provided in Figure 1.

The level of detail required in the planningand feasibility phases of your project willdepend on the type and scale of yourproject.

Figure 1: Facility Planning Process

The facility planning process

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For instance, the replacement of courtenclosure fencing would requiresignificantly less planning than theinstallation of new courts. However, thekey principles and process remain thesame. For projects undertaken on councilland, often councils may manage projectdesign and construction phases as theyhave staff with appropriate skills andexpertise.

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

Phase 5

PR

OJE

CT

PLA

NN

INGNeeds assessment

What do we want to achieve,why and who for?

Decision Point

Identify club and community valuesComplete a demographic analysis

Identify relevant trendsAnalyse the local tennis market

Review the adequacy of existing facilitiesConsult with key tennis and community partners

Develop a club business plan

1. Better utilise existing facilities OR2. Upgrade existing facility OR

3. Develop new facility

PR

OJE

CT

PLA

NN

ING

Feasibility and site assessment

What, where, how much andhow do we make it work?

Decision Point

Prepare a detailed description of the proposed projectConsult with key tennis and community partners

Identify and assess preferred sites/locationsPrepare draft concept plans

Prepare a draft management planAssess capital, operational and life-cycle costs

1. Proceed, modify, postpone or stage development OR2. Abandon proposal

PR

OJE

CT

RE

FIN

EM

EN

T

DesignWhat does it look like? –the technical elements

Identify goals for project developmentPrepare a project budget (seek/confirm funding)

Prepare a design briefSeek necessary approvals ie. planning and building permits

Appoint design team and/or consultantsPrepare detailed designs and budget estimates

Engage contractors

PR

OJE

CT

DE

VE

LOP

ME

NT

Construction Facility construction and commissioning

Management Project evaluationFacility operational

➔➔

➔➔

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Phase 1 – Club/communityneeds

The first phase in the facility planningprocess is to undertake a club/communityneeds assessment. Undertaking thisprocess will assist stakeholders to verifyactual stakeholder and facility needs.

The needs assessment should includediscussions with key tennis groups, localand state agencies (including TennisVictoria), your local council, local schools,community and other relevant agencies(such as Access for All Abilities providers)and other providers of tennis andrecreation programs.

If a facility development appearsnecessary, the needs assessment will alsoprovide clear direction regarding projectscope, scale and preferred mix of facilitiesto be provided. It will also help all partnersinvolved to develop key objectives around‘why you are undertaking the project andwhat will it aim to achieve?’

The key elements of a facility needsassessment include:

• identification of club member andplayer aspirations

• schedule of existing court usage

• identification of any local trends thatmay influence a facility development

• consultation with your community andpeople outside your club and ask whatthey may wish to see provided

• review of existing on and off-courtfacilities and services provided at theclub

• assessment of current court and facilitymaintenance practices

• assessment of other local clubs orsimilar facilities to identify competitorsand/or gaps in the market.

Business Planning TipTennis Australia and Tennis Victoriaeach provide various resources toassist clubs in developing businessand club management plans. ContactTennis Victoria on (03) 8420 8420 or visit www.tennis.com.au/vic forthe latest information on businessplanning.

One effective way to conduct a needsassessment is to complete a clubbusiness plan where all club needs,including programs, services, membership,communication, marketing and financialmanagement can all be addressed indetail.

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Phase 2 – Feasibility and siteassessment

All facility development projects will requiresome level of site assessment andfeasibility to determine whether they areviable and practical.

The primary purpose of preparing afeasibility assessment is to enable anobjective decision regarding the longer-term viability of your proposed project.

The level of detail required in yourfeasibility assessment will differ dependingon the scale of your project. For largescale projects, the appointment of anindependent consultant may be required.

Your project feasibility should combine arange of input and advice from variousplanning and technical partners and mayinclude:

• analysis of the local market for tennis

• preparation of project success criteria

• a technical analysis of existing facilitiesand/or any proposed new location

• concept plans and options

• likely project and facility lifecycle costs

• impact of your project on the localenvironment

• a potential management and operationsplan, including projected facilityoperating costs, who will manage andhow

• identification of key partners to assist inproject support, resourcing, deliveryand future use and management.

Technical TipsA technical analysis of your facility at this early stage may include ageotechnical assessment and sitesurvey plan of the proposed landarea. This will assist you to betterunderstand the existing soil typeand the implications it may have on construction.

Additionally, identifying anysubsurface issues and the exactsize and levels of the land areaavailable will help to ensure conceptoptions prepared are as accurate aspossible. Addressing these items ata later stage in the process mightincur additional costs and potentiallyrequire redesign if issues are notconsidered in advance.

Site services plans should berequested from your local counciland service suppliers (i.e. water,drainage, sewerage, power, gas and telecommunications). N.B. Some or all of these plans may be sourced via ‘Dial Before You Dig’. For more information go to www.dialbeforeyoudig.com.au.It is also advisable to undertake abuilding condition audit should anyredevelopment of clubhouse,pavilion, shed etc be part of yourproject.

Tennis Victoria has technicaladvisors available to assist clubs in preparing concept plans, designoptions and project cost estimatesto help inform a feasibility analysis.

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BudgetingOnce the decision has been taken toproceed with your project, you will need to set a realistic budget for the proposedscope of works - one that is alsoachievable to fund.

Capital replacement and lifecycle costsassociated with your project will beconsidered in previous planning stages,but should be confirmed in your projectbudget. Allowance for cost escalations and contingencies are an importantelement to project budgeting as materialsand labour costs can vary without notice.

Be mindful that from the time youcommence planning your project to‘turning soil’, it is likely that the cost ofconstruction and materials will increase,particularly if your project planning spans a number of years.

Managing your project cash flow will beimportant to your success. Contractors will expect to be paid as they completevarious stages of work and you will needto ensure that club or partner funding isavailable to pay out upon satisfactorycompletion of work.

Technical TipTennis Victoria has produced alifecycle cost guide for tennis courtsurfaces and other associatedfacilities. This guide is available atwww.tennis.com.au/vic andconsiders the long-termreplacement and maintenance costs associated with variouscomponents of tennis courtinfrastructure.

Sport and Recreation Victoria hasalso produced a Capital ReplacementProgram information sheet that willassist clubs to budget for the eventualreplacement of infrastructure. Theinformation sheet can be accessedvia www.grants.dpcd.vic.gov.au,clicking on Grants Finder andselecting the Community FacilityFunding Program.

Budget TipClubs should make allowances forGST within your project budget. Manyprices are often quoted exclusive ofGST, creating an unbudgeted additional10% on top of your project costs.

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Phase 3 – Design

Should your feasibility assessment andproject budget identify that your project isviable, the project then enters the designphase. This stage is critical to the overallsuccess of the project and in achieving itsobjectives.

During this stage, the club managementcommittee or facility manager should beinvolved in all facets of the facility designprocess. Any facility design shouldconsider two important facets:

1. Site and technical elements.

2. Future management and operationalrequirements.

Site and technical elements to consider infacility design include:

• site details, topography and anyidentifiable constraints

• site plan showing the extent and scopeof land available and ownership details

• plans and details of existing buildings,main services and ground/soilconditions

• schematic diagram of proposeddevelopment

• schedule of specific development orconstruction requirements

• details of any planning conditions to beconsidered in development (eg. carparking requirements, building heightrestrictions, floodlight spill)

• timeline for construction and projectdelivery and any climatic influences.

Most site and technical elements of projectdesign are generally incorporated intodrawings, layout plans and associateddocumentation. This collection ofinformation is often referred to as atechnical specification.

Management and operational planningwill outline how the new or redevelopedfacility will be used and should considerthe following key components:

• key programs and services to bedelivered

• court and facility schedule of use

• marketing and promotional initiatives

• proposed facility management structure

• capital replacement program (seeTechnical Tip on page 12)

• risk management

• annual operating budget.

Even if your facility development provideslittle change to your existing operations,the above points should still beconsidered.

Disability Standards for Access toPremises and Universal DesignThe Disability Standards for Access toPremises set out the requirements for newand refurbished buildings to allow accessby people with a disability. It is expectedthat all new facility developments complywith the Disability Standards for Access toPremises as a minimum.

Please visit the ‘Disability Discrimination’section of www.ag.gov.au for copies ofthe Standards and incorporate them intoyour building planning.

In addition, clubs and councils are stronglyencouraged to consider universal design.Universal design is a philosophy thatencourages building development beyondwhat is required by the DisabilityStandards for Access to Premises.The intent of universal design is to createenvironments to be usable by everyone, to the greatest extent possible.

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Universal design encourages thedevelopment of facilities suitable for use byeveryone including people with vision andhearing impairments, families with pramsand young children, people with injuries,the elderly and people with mobilityimpairments.

Clubs and councils should consider ways to ensure access in any facilitydevelopment, not just for people with adisability but for the whole community.

Facility developments should consider:

• The number of accessible sanitaryfacilities

• Circulation space in lifts and atdoorways

• Passing or turning spaces along long passageways

• Access to upper floors, either via a ramp or lift

• Appropriate access to people withhearing or vision impairment

Design consultantsWhilst an additional cost to your project, design consultants are highlyrecommended and are a valued part ofyour design team, particularly for mediumto large scale projects. They bringspecialist skills in defined disciplines andcan ensure that independent design inputis provided to meet project needs. Theyalso ensure that appropriate designsolutions are recommended and meetrelevant industry standards, universaldesign principles and building codes, aswell as keep project costs within budget.

Key design consultants to consider include(NB. the number of consultants used islikely to depend on the scale of your project):

• architect

• geotechnical engineer

• civil and structural engineer

• building and land surveyor

• electrical engineer

• lighting designer

• quantity surveyor or cost planner

• landscape designer or architect

• arborist

• acoustics consultant

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Phase 4 – Constructionprocess

Following the preparation of the designbrief and technical specification, contractorscan be sought to start building your facility.

Your project manager or local council willbe able to provide advice on the mostrelevant process to undertake whenappointing contractors. Commonly,medium to large scale projects requireformal tenders to be submitted, withsmaller scale projects requiring a numberof contractors to provide quotations.Industry benchmarks usually specify aminimum of three quotes to assist withprice comparison.

Technical specifications are commonlyused to define the project scope of worksand the standards or requirements bywhich the work is to be completed. You (or your project manager) will also use the technical specification to apply forplanning and building permits, and toguide contractor tender processes.

A construction timeline should also bedeveloped to help monitor progress and toensure your club can revise its operationsand maintain member services through theconstruction phase. Be aware that variousconstruction projects may be subject toweather conditions, which should befactored into the construction timelines.

Planning permitsA planning permit may be specific to aperson or operator and it is always subjectto a time limit and expires under specifiedcircumstances. The issuing authority(usually your local council) may imposeconditions when granting a permit.

The Building Commission of Victoriadefines a planning permit as ‘a legaldocument giving permission for land use or development’.

Planning permit requirements may varybetween local councils. You should alwaysseek advice from your local councilplanning department regarding planningscheme provisions and planning permitsearly in your planning process.

Building permitsYou should seek clarification from yourlocal council planning department onwhether you require any building permitsas part of your facility planning process.

Building permits relate to the method ofconstruction of a building or development.If you have a planning permit you may stillneed to get a building permit.

Australian StandardsMany elements of tennis facilityconstruction have relevant AustralianStandards that guide materials,construction and installation methodologiesand various management practices. More information on applicable standardsis provided in the following chapter –Facility development considerations.

Technical TipWhen requesting quotations ortenders from contractors (for small,medium or large projects), alwaysprepare a brief (design brief and/ortechnical specification) forcontractors to base their price andscope of works on. This will helpyou to compare like for like pricesand evaluate which companies areproviding the best value for money.

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Project managementIf your project is not large enough to justifythe services of a project manager, yourlocal council may assist you in evaluatingand appointing various contractors. It isadvisable if clubs are managing their ownproject to appoint an internal club contactwho will provide communication andliaison services between all projectpartners, including club committee,members, contractors and local councilrepresentatives.

If your project is of a significant scale, youmay wish to engage a project manager toassist you in the coordination of designand construction phases.

The project manager would be responsiblefor managing the activities anddeliverables of the project. They wouldalso prepare a project timeline thatconsiders a range of external factorsincluding, council budget cycles, grantfunding cycles and acquittal procedures,lead time for ordering materials,implications of weather impacts andimpact on existing club operations andcourt use.

Phase 5 – Management

Club staff and/or volunteers should beconsulted to provide practical andoperational advice to ensure your facilitycan be managed efficiently. Thisconsultation should occur throughout theplanning, refinement and developmentphases of your project, and definitely priorto any construction.

Following the construction stages of yourproject, getting your facility operating to itsfull potential begins, as does regularmonitoring of its performance.

Risk management is a key factor in theoperation of your club and facility, andincludes addressing potential financialrisks, maintenance, safety and potentialinjury risks, resource availability etc. Allidentifiable risks should be documented,evaluated and addressed to assist inalleviating and/or managing them.

Project Management TipIf you are managing your ownconstruction program, ensure arepresentative attends the site eachday the contractor(s) are working.Don’t be afraid to ask questions orcheck what they are doing againstyour technical specification. It’s yourproject and you should be incontrol.

Risk Management TipTennis Victoria has developed a Risk Management Manual for TennisClubs that will help you identify andevaluate risks and create a policy tomanage them within the tennis clubenvironment.

HB – 2004 Guidelines forManaging Risk in Sport andRecreation is a resource thatprovides those involved in sport and recreation with guidance on risk management principles, process steps and applicationsbased on AS/NZS 4360:2004 (Risk Management Standard and Guidelines). It offers a national framework to guide theunderstanding and management of risk, and a common platform tosupport strategies and resourcesdirected towards dealing with riskmanagement issues.

Management performancebenchmarksTennis Australia, in collaboration with TheUniversity of South Australia (CERM ©)have developed a series of tennis club andcentre performance benchmarks to assistAustralian tennis facility operators toannually benchmark the performance oftheir tennis facility.

Providing benchmark indicators will assistclubs and facility operators in determiningwhere best to allocate resources andregularly identify any operational issues toaddress them quickly.

Club management and performancebenchmarks can be accessed viawww.tennis.com.au.

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Facility development considerations

The key facility developmentconsiderations included in this chapterinclude:

• site investigation

• court layout and orientation

• base construction

• court surface types

• court surface selection

• multi-use courts

• floodlighting

• fencing

• court equipment and accessories

• grounds and surrounds

• clubhouses

• the environment.

All elements of a tennis facility are linkedand often depend on each other tofunction effectively and be managedefficiently.

Careful consideration needs to be given tothe scale of each facility element to ensureit is aligned with its intended purpose anduse. It is also important to ensure that off-court amenities can adequately supportcourt related infrastructure.

Site investigation

All site specific conditions should beassessed prior to undertaking anyconstruction works and prior to anyquotes, tenders or contracts beingprepared.

Site investigation should be conducted aspart of your project planning, following thecompletion of your needs assessment.This phase is likely to require professionalservice contractors to undertake specialistor technical analysis tasks.

Your site investigation should address thefollowing key elements:

• storm water flow

• condition of sub-grade base

• location of existing services (eg. power,water, sewerage, telecommunicationsetc)

• vegetation or remnants of tree roots

• site levels, orientation and windexposure

• site access for construction machinery

• residential or urban developmentconsiderations that may be impacted byyour development.

Soil conditionsIn tennis court construction, propergrading and consistent compaction oftendetermines the success of installation. Toachieve this, knowledge of sub-grade andsoil conditions are required.

Most sites will require an investigation of existing soil conditions, and it is highly recommended that no majorconstruction commence without first obtaining a soil report from anappropriately qualified professional (eg. geotechnical engineer).

Like many construction projects, tenniscourts are susceptible to variations in soiltype, the presence of moisture andchanging environmental conditions.

A soil report will determine the stability ofthe proposed site and will informengineering decisions around the mostappropriate court base design,construction and infrastructure installation.

Technical TipA soil report prepared by a qualifiedgeotechnical engineer will be thesingle greatest investment you canmake into your project planning.The findings from this report willprovide recommendations on themost appropriate design for courtbases, drainage, floodlighting,fencing and clubhouse footings.

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Court layout and orientation

Your court layout will be dependent uponthe configuration of your existing courts,buildings and available land area. ThisGuide infers that most clubs and facilitiesare undertaking redevelopment andrefurbishment projects rather thanconstructing new facilities on ‘greenfieldsites’, although the principles are stillrelevant for new sites.

Court dimensionsThe standard dimensions of a tennis court(Total Playing Area -TPA) are defined in the International Tennis Federation’s (ITF)Rules of Tennis.

Although the game is best played on a fullsized court enclosure (36.6m x 18.3m), theITF has a minimum recommended courtenclosure size (34.77m x 17.07m).

It is recommended that all new tenniscourts be built to full size requirements.This will assist in ensuring currentstandards are being met and may alsoreduce the likelihood of player injury.

The following diagram provides a guideline for minimum and recommended courtdimensions for both recreational and club play.

Figure 2: Recommended tennis court and enclosure dimensions

Playing linesThe width of all lines on a tennis courtshould be a minimum of 2.5cm in widthand a maximum of 5cm, except thebaseline which may be 10cm. Centreservices lines and centre marks should be 5cm.

The following diagram provides a plan for tennis court line markings. Allmeasurements are to the outside of the lines.

Figure 3: Line markings for a standard tennis court

Rec 3.66m (12ft)Min 3.05m (10ft)

Rec

6.4

0m (2

1ft)

Min

5.4

8m (1

8ft)

PPA 10.97m (36ft)

TPA Rec 18.3m (60ft)Min 17.07m (56ft)

PPA

23.

77m

(76f

t)

TPA

Rec

36.

6m

(120

ft)

Min

34.

77m

(114

ft)

➤

➤

➤

➤ ➤

➤

Sidelines

➤

➤

Sidelines

➤

➤

Sidelines

➤

➤

Sidelines

Bas

elin

e Baseline

Service LineS

ervi

ce L

ine

Cen

tre

Mar

k Centre M

ark

Centre Service Line

Net

Net

➤

➤

Net Post (Centre)

➤

Net Post (Centre)

➤

0.91m (3’0”)

10.97m(36’0”)

0.91m (3’0”)

6.4m (21’0”) ➤

➤

8.23m(27’0”)

1.37m(4’6”)

➤

➤

1.37m(4’6”)

➤

➤

➤

➤ 23.77m (78’0”)

➤

➤

➤

➤

OrientationThe optimum tennis court orientation isnorth–south. This is preferred to minimisethe effects of sun glare.

In some instances, depending on individualsite conditions, this orientation may not beachievable. If this is the case, considerationshould be given to sun rotation behindbuildings, wind conditions and/or theprovision of additional shade trees. If possible,orientating courts north-south and east-westat the one venue should be avoided,particularly if courts run behind each other,creating a visual annoyance during play.

Facility footprint guidelinesEach tennis facility site provides its own uniqueopportunities for design and layout based onsite conditions and available land area. As aguide, the following table provides an estimateof land area requirements to develop afacility. The first column provides an estimateof land area required for court enclosuresonly and the second column provides anestimate for court enclosures along withspectator areas, clubhouses and car parking.

Table 1: Tennis facility land area guide

Number of Estimated land Estimatedcourts area required total land

for court area requiredenclosures for full site

development

2 courts 0.13 ha 0.32 ha






20


Court run-offSuggested minimum dimensions and run-off areas between the Principal PlayingArea (PPA) of a tennis court for club andrecreational standard play is; 5.48m fromeach baseline to fence; 3.05m fromsidelines to fence and 3.66m betweencourts that do not have a fence or otherobstruction between them.

The following diagram provides a guidelinefor minimum and recommended court run-off areas between courts and otherobstructions for both recreational and club play.

Figure 4: Tennis court run-off

In case of no obstructions

➤

➤

Rec 4.27m (14ft)Min 3.66m (12ft)

➤

➤

In case of nets

Rec 3.05m (10ft)

Min 2.75m (9ft)

➤

➤

In case of fixed obstructions

Rec 3.66m (12ft)

Min 3.05m (10ft)

21


Facility expansionWhere possible, consider future growthwhen planning and designing your courtand facility layout. A design that canaccommodate future growth will be morecost effective in the long term.

Base construction

The most important factor in tennis courtdevelopment is undoubtedly its base andfoundations. Even though court bases aregenerally not visible, they will have themost impact on the ultimate cost, playabilityand longevity of your tennis court.

Establishing the correct foundations andbase construction specific to your site isessential to ensure the integrity andstability of what is built on top. Poorfoundations and base construction willinevitably lead to court damage, surfaceimperfections, surface life reduction andultimately large and often unnecessaryrectification costs.

Selection of base and foundation materialswill also influence your court surfaceselection, as not all surfaces can be laidon all bases.

The following typical base constructiontechniques are currently being used tosupport hard court, synthetic grass andsynthetic clay surfaces:

• reinforced concrete

• asphalt

• compacted earth.

An overview of each base constructionmethod is provided in the followingsections.

Grass court and red porous courtconstruction requires more specialised andlayered base preparation and do notrequire concrete, asphalt or compactedearth bases to be constructed. Moredetails on grass and red porous courts areprovided under court surface types onpages 24 and 25.

Concrete bases A reinforced concrete slab is a commonform of base, consisting of a layer ofconcrete reinforced with steel mesh. Thethickness of the slab will be determined bysite specific conditions and technicalspecifications.

A well constructed concrete base (built toappropriate specification and siteconditions) is likely to provide the greatestlongevity of all base types. Concrete basesare generally expensive to construct incomparison with asphalt and crushed rockmaterials and are the most costly to rectifyif not built correctly.

Ground and soil conditions play a greaterrole in the appropriateness of concretebases, in that they accommodate groundmovement by bridging low areas. Theyhave minimal flexibility.

Concrete bases are generally acceptablefor the application of asphalt and acrylicsurfaces, as well as sand filled artificialgrass and synthetic clay.

Additional care through the concretecuring and preparation process must betaken if applying an acrylic surface to aconcrete base. Most acrylic surfacemanufacturers publish technicalinformation on court base constructionssuitable for their individual products.

Additional technical information onconcrete construction and curingprocesses is available in the Tennis QLDTechnical Manual for the Design,Construction and Maintenance of Tennis Facilities. The manual is availablevia www.tennis.com.au/qld.

22


Asphalt basesAn asphalt base consists of at least twoelements.

1. A structural layer (termed the ‘granularlayer’), which consists of a base ofcrushed rock. This layer provides thestrength of the structure.

2. An asphalt layer covers the base ofcrushed rock. It provides a smoothsurface for sound ball bounce, as wellas acting as a moisture barrier toprotect the structural layer from erosionand water penetration.

Asphalt bases are commonly referred toas a ‘more flexible base’ that allows someground movement without failure. Asphaltbases are generally acceptable for theapplication of acrylic surfaces (cushionedand non-cushioned), as well as sand filledartificial grass and synthetic clay.

The introduction of porous asphalt hasbeen seen in many surface conversionprojects across metropolitan Melbourne,where red porous courts are beingconverted to synthetic surfaces. Porousasphalt is often used as a base layer (overred porous courts) in conjunction withneedle punched synthetic carpets. Thismethod allows for vertical draining, ratherthan reconstructing court bases to providenecessary drainage falls.

This method of reconstruction is onlyeffective where both the underlyingexisting drainage system is functioningproperly and the existing scoria pavementis sound enough to support the laying ofporous asphalt.

Compacted earth basesCompacted earth bases have traditionallybeen used in conjunction with the laying ofsand filled artificial grass and synthetic claysurfaces. In some cases, the flexibility ofthe base has benefits where smallamounts of ground movement occur.

Whilst a cost effective practice, thetechnique can reflect any significant failurein, or movement of, the base constructionthrough the playing surface by creating anuneven surface.

Use and application of compacted earthbases should be dependent on the fullinvestigation of ground, soil and drainageconditions.

Compacted bases are not suitable foracrylic surface application.

Base construction considerationsSome important considerations in all formsof base construction include the following:

• The investigation of soil, ground anddrainage conditions within and aroundthe site area should be conducted toinform the preferred base constructionmethod.

• Base construction design should bedeveloped and guided by court surfacechoice (refer Table 2 on page 23).

• Install a moisture barrier orwaterproofing membrane underneathconcrete pavements.

• Ensure court fall ratios follow pavementspecifications and are appropriate forthe court surface and site drainagerequirements.

• Ensure sub-surface and/or perimeterdrainage is included in any baseconstruction design.

• All bases will require ongoingmaintenance dependent upon sitespecific conditions and expecteddesign life. For examples visitwww.tennis.com.au for the lifecycleand cost guide.

Technical TipIt is preferable that acrylic surfacesare not applied to porous asphaltsurfaces, primarily due to theincompatibility of acrylic surfaceapplication techniques and porousasphalt materials.

Table 2: Court surface and base construction matrix

Court surface Base Construction Method

Asphalt Porous Concrete Compactedasphalt earth

Asphalt ✔ ✔ ✔ ●

Cushioned acrylic ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘

Non-cushioned acrylic ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘

Sand filled artificial grass ✔ ✔ ✔ ●

Synthetic clay ✔ ✔ ✔ ●

✔ refers to generally appropriate base construction method

✘ refers to inappropriate base construction method

● refers to an acceptable method if site, ground and drainage conditions support this type of base construction

23


The following table provides a comparisonof the suitability of base constructionmethods with the range of suitable courtsurfaces.

Figure 5: Generic tennis court cross section

The following diagram provides a genericcross-section of the typical constructionlayers of a tennis court including sub-grade, base construction/pavementand court surface layers.

Layers will differ depending onconstruction method, drainagerequirements and surface selection.

Not to scale

Note:Recommended court slope –Minimum 0.83%Maximum 1.00%

Liquid appliedacrylic surfacesystem(cushioned ornon-cushioned)

Compactedasphalt surfacecourse

➤

➤

Compactedbase course

➤

Compactedsubgrade

➤

0.025mMIN

0.1mMIN

➤

➤


Court surface typesTennis Australia classifies court surfacesaccording to type rather than brand. Thereare four surface type categories:

1. Clay/red porous.

2. Natural grass.

3. Acrylic hard court.

4. Other variations; including Sand FilledArtificial Grass (SFAG), carpet andsynthetic clay.

For each surface type category there aremultiple brands within the tennis andleisure industry.

Surface and playingcharacteristicsIt is difficult to generalise about the playingcharacteristics of surfaces, due to thenumber of variations available in themarket place. Playing characteristics varyaccording to type of product, age,condition, original construction methodetc.

Table 3 on page 28, provides a summaryof typical surface characteristics for arange of surface types available inAustralia.

The ITF also classifies specific surfacesinto various pace categories. The ITFwebsite – www.itftennis.com provides up-to-date information on individualsurface products and their pace rating.

The lifespan of all surfaces referred to inthis Guide are influenced by levels ofusage, maintenance regimes and weatherconditions. Budgeting for their ongoingmaintenance and eventual rejuvenationand/or replacement will be essential for all surface related projects.

24

Clay/red porousAcross Australia clay courts are known bydiffering names. In Victoria clay courts arecommonly referred to as red porous oren-tout-cas courts.

For many years they have been thetraditional court surface for the majority ofclubs in metropolitan Melbourne. It alsoremains a preferred player developmentsurface of Tennis Australia.

Clay is a generic term used to describe aplaying surface that has a clay-like naturalmaterial look and feel about it. The playingsurface is made from a layer of materialwith cohesive properties, not unlike slightlymoist natural clay; it can be a combinationof natural and/or synthetic materials.

Clay surfaces are always permeable,allowing surface water to drain verticallydown through the court, facilitating playsoon after rain.

Prolonged drought conditions and theavailability of sustainable water resourceshave impacted the retention andmaintenance of red porous courts inVictoria. To ensure the longevity of redporous courts, it is essential that anongoing maintenance regime (includingregular watering) is adhered to.

Several recent examples in red porouscourt rebuilding have highlighted a varietyof new, more environmentally sustainabletechniques that will assist clubs to retainand/or rebuild their red porous courts.Refer to Tennis Victoria’s EnvironmentallyFriendly Tennis Clubs Guidelines for recentcase study examples.


In addition, water treatment programs areavailable to assist in retaining moisturewithin red porous courts, allowing theircontinued use through drought and stagedwater restrictions.

For more information on available researchand water sensitive red porous courtconstruction and maintenance, contactTennis Victoria for up-to-date advice.

Natural grassNatural grass courts remain prominentacross regional Victoria and are popular onthe local and regional tournament calendar.They also remain a preferred playerdevelopment surface of Tennis Australia.

Grass courts, when constructed properly,provide the fastest court surface available.The surface promotes a serve and volleygame, generally due to low, fast andvariable ball bounce.

A variety of grass species are available andsuitable for tennis court surfaces, althoughthe success of certain species will bedependent on weather conditions.

The quality and retention of natural grasscourts is heavily dependent on climatic andenvironmental conditions, in particular,access to a sustainable water source. Theuse of grass courts is generally limited tosummer season play due to climaticconditions affecting grass growth andusage must be managed to protect theintegrity of the surface.

Much like red porous courts, many naturalgrass courts are slowly being converted toless water and maintenance intensivesurfaces that can also provide for year-round and floodlit use.

Acrylic hard courts Generally in Australia there are three typesof acrylic surfacing systems:

• non-cushioned

• liquid applied cushion

• mat laid cushion.

Acrylic coated tennis court surfaces arepopular in Australia and can be either non-cushioned or cushioned. Acrylic courts aresuited to all levels of coaching, training andcompetition play.

An acrylic surfaced tennis court is basicallyan application of multiple layers of acrylicmaterial (eg. resin, paint, etc) on a basesurface, commonly concrete or asphalt.

There is a wide selection of proprietaryacrylic surface systems available inAustralia. In very basic terms an acrylicsurface comprises of applying an initial(filler) coat(s) to the base surface thenapplying the final coloured coats. Thecomposition and application method of the acrylic material has a direct influenceon the playing characteristics of the court.

The exact performance of acrylic surfacediffers from product to product and fromits usage, but they can generally bedescribed as being medium-paced with an extremely true ball bounce ofmedium-high height.

The performance, aesthetics and longevityof acrylic surfaces are dependent onconducting an appropriate maintenanceregime. The single most important factor in prolonging the useful life of an acrylictennis court surface is keeping them clean.

25


The lifespan of an acrylic surface is notforever. Budget provision should be madefor recoating every seven to ten years(depending on use, maintenance andsurface quality) at a cost of approximately80% of the original acrylic surface cost(just the surface, not the whole of courtcosts).

Both liquid applied and mat laidcushioned acrylic surfaces require the same acrylic surface layers as non-cushioned surfaces. The keydifferences in cushioned courts are thelayers of cushioned properties built into theconstruction process. Cushioned courtsare more likely to spin and also provide a level of comfort for players underfoot.

Liquid applied cushioning is provided inlayers spread across the court area untilthe desired thickness is achieved. Thismethod has the advantage of being ableto adjust cushioning thickness based onpreference and budget constraints.

Mat laid cushioning systems differ in thatthe cushion layer is delivered in premanufactured rolls of a predeterminedthickness. Rolls are laid out, placed inposition and then adhered to the base.

Generally acrylic surfaces, particularlycushioned surfaces, are more expensive toconstruct than other surfaces,predominately due to more intensive baseconstruction and drainage requirements,and the cost of cushioning materials.

Acrylic surfaces should only be applied to concrete or asphalt bases (that haveundergone appropriate curing time andcleaning) and only be applied byexperienced professionals approved by the product manufacturer.

Sand Filled Artificial Grass (SFAG)Over recent years there has been anincreasing trend of installing artificial grasscourt surfaces, more correctly referred toas sand filled artificial grass.

A SFAG surface is basically a tuftedsynthetic carpet laid on a base usuallyconstructed of concrete, asphalt orcrushed rock. The carpet is then filled withsand to occupy the space between thecarpet fibres to within about 2mm of thetop of the pile. The purpose of the sand isto hold the carpet in place, to provide afirm playing surface and to facilitate thedrainage of surface water.

SFAG courts are a cost effective courtsurface that provide soft underfootproperties desired by many players. If laidcorrectly, their efficient drainage and abilityto be played on when damp make thempopular with commercial centres andcoaches.

Their playing characteristics varysignificantly between products, butgenerally provide medium-to-very fast ballspeed and medium-to-low ball bounce.Their playability is dependent onmaintenance regimes, in particular theregular grooming of the surface and therejuvenation of sand particles.

Budget provision should be made forresurfacing SFAG surfaces every 10 to 12years (depending on use, maintenanceand manufacturer warranties).

26


Synthetic claySynthetic clay is the collective term givento a range of products available in themarket place.

Synthetic clay surfaces are SFAG carpetsthat are overfilled (by 1mm to 2mm) with ared coloured sand product to simulate theappearance and playing characteristics ofa clay or red porous tennis court. Theoverfilling of the carpet requires sand to bebrushed from lines on a regular basis,much like red porous courts.

The surface does not require watering andprovides similar cushioning and drainageproperties as SFAG courts.

Synthetic clay courts are generally a moreexpensive product than SFAG surfaces,placing them in the middle range ofsurface development costs.

Their playing characteristics varysignificantly between products as well ason wet or dry conditions. Their playabilityis dependent on maintenance regimes, in particular the regular maintenance and management of sand particles.

Budget provision should be made forresurfacing synthetic clay surfaces every 10 to 12 years (depending on use, maintenance and manufacturerwarranties).

Contractors and suppliersThere are many different court surfaceproducts manufactured in, and suppliedto, the Australian market. Contact TennisVictoria for a list of suppliers, manufacturersand contractors known to operate withinVictoria. Additionally, the SportsContractors Association can provide alisting of members that service theVictorian tennis industry via their websiteat www.sportscontractors.com.au.

27


28

Tab

le 3

: Co

mp

aris

on

of

cour

t su

rfac

e ch

arac

teri

stic

s

The

follo

win

g ta

ble

prov

ides

a s

umm

ary

of c

hara

cter

istic

s of

var

ious

cou

rt s

urfa

ces.

The

per

form

ance

, aes

thet

ics

and

long

evity

of a

cryl

ic

surfa

ces

are

depe

nden

t on

con

duct

ing

an a

ppro

pria

te m

aint

enan

ce r

egim

e. In

dica

tive

cost

ings

for

vario

us c

ourt

sur

face

s ar

e av

aila

ble

via

ww

w.t

enni

s.co

m.a

u

Cou

rt s

urfa

ceS

pee

d o

f H

eigh

t of

Tr

uene

ss o

f To

psp

inS

lice

Foot

ing

Sho

ck

cour

tb

ounc

eb

ounc

e–

slid

ing/

firm

abso

rptio

n

Red

por

ous

Slo

wM

ediu

mA

lmos

t Ye

sYe

sS

lidin

gM

ediu

m-s

oft

cons

iste

nt

Nat

ural

gra

ssFa

stLo

wVa

riabl

eLi

ttle

Yes

Par

tial s

lide

Sof

t(s

urfa

ce m

ay

be s

lippe

rypa

rtic

ular

ly if

w

et)

Non

-cus

hion

ed a

cryl

icVa

riabl

eM

ediu

m–h

igh

C

onsi

sten

tYe

sYe

sFi

rmM

ediu

m-h

ard

Cus

hion

ed a

cryl

icVa

riabl

eM

ediu

m–h

igh

Con

sist

ent

Yes

Yes

Firm

Med

ium

-sof

t

San

d fil

led

artif

icia

l gra

ssM

ediu

m–f

ast

Med

ium

–low

Con

sist

ent

Litt

leYe

sFi

rmM

ediu

m-s

oft

Syn

thet

ic c

lay

Med

ium

–fas

tM

ediu

m–h

igh

Con

sist

ent

Litt

leYe

sP

artia

l slid

eM

ediu

m-s

oft

0 Sou

rce:

Ten

nis

Aus

tral

ia


Court surface selection

Selecting a surface or surfaces that meetall member, player and stakeholder needsand objectives is difficult. However,engaging them and other users in theselection and decision making process willhelp to make a well researched choice.

As it is difficult to generalise about theplaying characteristics of all court surfacesavailable, the best way to inform yourselfand your members of different surfaces isto play on them. Tennis Victoria has agrowing list of clubs and their specificsurfaces provided and encourage all clubsto try a range of surfaces as part of theirdecision making process.

Other considerations that should be takeninto account when selecting the mostappropriate surface for your club include:

• member and user preferences

• intended use and level of play

• future club directions and management

• coaching requirements

• tournament requirements

• any requirement for similar surfaces orreasons to provide a mix of differentsurfaces

• site conditions

• cost of installation and replacement

• surface lifespan and warranty

• maintenance obligations and cost

• access to funding opportunities

• affordability and value for money

• environmental impacts

• potential for vandalism.

Appendix 1 provides a sample courtsurface assessment tool for clubs to adaptand use in their surface selection process.

Multi-use courts

Multi-use courts are a practical solution tosupporting a range of sports, includingtennis, and are more commonly used inschool and recreation reserveenvironments.

In all multi-use environments, somecompromise will be required by all sportsin surface and infrastructure provision, as it is difficult for one single surface to meetthe range of needs of all sports to beplayed on it.

Multi-use applications that include tennis courts are commonly provided with netball (hard court acrylic surfaces),hockey (SFAG surfaces) or soccer (sandfilled/rubber crumbed surfaces). Variousproducts are available on the domesticmarket to suit multiple sports.

Some key considerations in providingmulti-use surfaces and facilities that caterfor tennis include:

• Use more dominant line markingcolours to suit the main intended use.For example, white lines for the mainuser sport, yellow lines for thesecondary user sport, etc.

• The appropriateness of sleeves andcaps for relevant goal and tennis netposts or the use of roll-away nets andgoals.

• Lighting requirements for tennis aredifferent to other sports. Floodlightingdesign should meet minimum AustralianStandards for all intended users. Ensureone lighting system serves the variety ofusers.

• Court dimensions and run-off areasvary between tennis and netball.

• Cushioned and non-cushioned acrylicsurfaces are suitable for netballcompetition.

• Drainage requirements of various users.

29

• Electricity suppliers regarding existingservice capabilities and potentialupgrades required.

• Qualified persons regarding lightingdesign, installation options and materialselection.

• Other tennis clubs by visiting them togain an appreciation of lightingdemands and lux levels.

• Tennis Victoria to seek specialist lightingdesign and installation advice.

• Other sports to determine their lightingrequirements if it’s a multi-use court.

Lighting configurationsTennis court lighting systems generallyconsist of two main types.

1. Corner lighting systems are typicallyused for double court configurations,with high-tower lighting masts locatedjust outside each corner of the courtenclosure. Towers are generally nohigher than 15m in club environments.

Figure 6: Standard 2-court cornerlighting design provides a standard 2-court light pole configuration for high tower corner lighting.


• The use of shock pads underneathhockey playing surfaces is not ideal fortennis ball bounce, however there areexamples of this sharing in existence. A compromise position may be using a thinner shock pad than is ideal forhockey.

• Carpet pile length for SFAG surfacesshould be investigated to ensure theyprovide a playable length for tennis(generally not longer than 19mm).

• Third-generation surfaces commonlyused on soccer pitches are not suitablefor tennis due to their longer pileheights (eg. often greater than 60mm).

Netball Victoria, Hockey Victoria andFootball Federation Victoria all providesurface information and technicalrequirements for their sports. It is advisableto contact the relevant peak bodies ifimplementing a multi-use surface project.

Floodlighting

Floodlighting is a highly desirable elementto any club or tennis facility. Lighting hasthe ability to maximise court use, creatediversity in club activities and allow yourclub to keep pace with the latest tennisparticipation trends.

There are a number of considerations thatshould be addressed through planning andconsultation discussions with the followinggroups:

• Club members regarding potential uses,needs and costs.

• Your local council regarding planningrequirements, permission and impacton the local environment.

30


Recent lighting trends have seen anincrease in the number of side-lightingconfigurations. A vast range of poleconfigurations exist for side-lightingsystems, but they typically include four tosix lights and poles per court, ranging from8m to 12m in height.

Figure 7: 4 and 6 pole side lightingdesign options.

The following diagram provides typical fourand six pole floodlighting configurations.

Both corner and side-lighting systemsshould be designed and installed to meetAustralian Standards AS2560 Guide toSports Lighting and AS2560.1 - Part 1General Principles and AS2560.2.1 – Part2.1 Lighting for Outdoor Tennis for design,luminaries, lux levels, uniformity and poleheights.

31

Option B4-Pole scheme

Option A6-Pole scheme

Technical TipGenerally, planning permission isrequired for the installation of newfloodlights. Early in your planning,seek advice from your local councilregarding your obligations,restrictions and the information thecouncil requires for a relevantplanning application. This mayinclude the provision of proposedlighting designs, engineereddrawings, lighting spill diagrams oran environmental impact study.

Light pole installations (over 8m inheight) may also require a buildingpermit, irrespective of whetherplanning permission is also required.

•

•

•

•

•

➤

➤

➤

➤

12m 10m

LEGEND:= Pole and luminaire•

➤

➤

➤

➤

7m 9m


Court lighting levelsWhile meeting the lux level standard isimportant, the consistency of light is criticaland is measured by uniformity. Whereuniformity is poor, the eye struggles tofollow the flight of the ball and predict itsspeed.

Tennis court lighting levels should bedeveloped based on the intendedstandard of play. The following tablerecommends lighting levels suitable forvarious levels of play.

Table 4: Recommended maintained horizontal illuminance values (from AS2560.2.1)

Level of Minimum Horizontal play Illuminance

PPA (Lux) TPA (Lux)

Recreational 250 150

Club competition 350 250

International 1000 800& National

PPA – refers to the Principle Playing Area

TPA – refers to the Total Playing Area

Considerations of lightingprovisionA range of design, material selection andinstallation options and alternatives shouldbe considered in your floodlighting project.

• Assess the adequacy of your existingpower supply to accommodate new ormore court lighting. Budgeting forpower upgrades can significantly add toyour project costs.

• Future expansion. If you are notinstalling lights on all courts, considermaking an allowance for the wiring andpower supply for other courts if youwish to add more lights at a later date.

• Geotechnical assessment of groundconditions for pole installations andfootings is essential, and certification oflighting poles by a structural engineerwill be required for second hand poles.

• Risk management issues may result iflighting poles are placed within courtenclosures and this should bediscouraged whenever possible.

• Providing access to a secure lightcontrol system external to clubroomsmay help to maximise use and minimisefacility management requirements.

• Various coin and key operatedmechanisms are available to ensure auser pays system is available.

• Provide adequate safety lighting to exitcourts when lights are switched off.

• Consider how the power cost andreplacement of globes will be paid forand undertaken.

32


Fencing

Fencing performs a number of functions,all of which should be considered in yourfacility design. Key functions include:

• the retaining of balls on court

• dividing courts

• providing access to courts

• safety and security

• windbreak support

• signage display.

Whilst fencing provides basic functionalityto the tennis court, it is important toconsider budget, environment and siterestrictions. Other considerations include:

• Top and bottom rails to providelongevity, stability, safety and visualenhancement.

• Visual amenity can also be improved byusing black poles and mesh (ratherthan galvanized finishing) and alsoprovides good background contrast toball colour.

• Reduced side fencing heights toenhance spectator viewing.

• Ensuring gates are wide enough foraccessible entry and for maintenanceequipment.

• Proximity of trees and overhangingbranches.

• Windbreak planting in adjacent areas.

• Wind and sight screening and signageloads are incorporated into structuraldesign.

• Future court expansion.

Australian Standard AS1725.2Australian Standard AS1725.2 TennisCourt Fencing – Commercial recommendsstandard tennis court enclosure fenceheights of 3.0m or 3.6m for club andpublic court environments. Tennis Victoriarecommends a height of 3.6m whereverpossible.

33

Technical TipReduced side fencing heights are fast becoming a trend in newfacility design and development,particularly where club and courtsecurity is provided by existingboundary fencing.

The following diagram provides atypical alternative side fencing profilethat enhances spectator viewingand promotes visual appeal.

Tennis court fencing should bedesigned and built considering localconditions. Fencing should bedesigned to support additionalweight loads that wind screeningand signage may require. This should be a particularconsideration in windy areas.

Chainmesh wire

➤

Light poletypically8 to 12mhigh

➤

Gate1.2mwide

➤

0.9m➤

➤

3.6m

➤

➤

Figure 8: Alternative side fencing profile


Grounds and surrounds

The management of grounds andsurrounds, as well as court maintenance,should be considered in your project. Donot underestimate the power of visualappeal and atmosphere on current andprospective members.

Consider the following key items in yourplanning:

• Create a strong entry to your club andassociated clubhouse and accessiblethoroughfares between courtenclosures (including application ofstandards for accessibility).

• Cater for spectators and court viewing,through the provision of covered areas,seats, accessible toilets and access tofood and beverages.

• Landscape areas for visual appeal withmanageable and easy to maintainvegetation or other materials andproducts.

• Environmental benefits and potential forinclusion of water reuse and recyclinginitiatives.

• Ensure car parking is adequate to meetyour local council’s planning schemeguidelines, as well as cater for expectedvolumes. Parking within close proximityto courts and clubhouse isrecommended.

• Provide an outdoor area for socialgathering and functions and/or an areafor children to play safely.

• Venue security and potential forvandalism and graffiti.

34

Court equipment andaccessories

The type and use of court equipment andaccessories will be dependent on the typeof facility you operate, the way in which itis managed and your choice of courtsurface.

The most common need for courtequipment is for net posts, nets andcentre straps. These can make asignificant difference to the visual appeal of your courts, functionality of play and useand safety to players.

The ITF’s Rules of Tennis 2009 specifiesthe requirements for net posts. In the clubenvironment, two important net postconsiderations include:

1. The selection of internal or non-obtrusive winding mechanisms.Winders that protrude present a safetyhazard for players rounding the netpost, particularly where they are athead height for children.

2. The use of sleeves in net postinstallation will allow for postreplacement without having to dig postsout of footings. This will prove helpfuland more cost effective where concreteor asphalt base constructions are usedand in multi-use applications.


Clubhouses

A clubhouse plays a vital role within thetennis club environment. The clubhouse isoften the visible face of the club and hasthe ability to create a lasting impression. Itis a factor in attracting and retainingmembers.

Player, participant and communityexpectations are continually increasing, asare building regulations and requirements.Keeping pace with expectations andchange can be challenging for clubs inproviding quality and welcoming facilities.

The size, location and layout of yourclubhouse should be commensurate withthe number of members, the intended useof the facility and the preferred managementmodel of your club. Clubhouses that donot meet member and usage needs mayrestrict the viability of your facility, andthose that are too large becomecumbersome to manage and maintain.

Club members, your local council andlocal community groups and stakeholdersshould all be consulted to help determinethe most appropriate clubhouse facility.

If contemplating clubhouse refurbishment,improvement or replacement, theprinciples and processes highlighted in thisGuide will assist you to achieve your goals.

Clubhouse design considerationsProfessional building and architecturalexpertise should be engaged if you areconsidering a clubhouse improvement ordevelopment project. The following shouldbe given specific consideration through thedesign phase of your project.

• Conduct a building condition audit tounderstand what areas of your existingclubhouse may be retained and whatareas must be changed.

• Any change to an existing buildingstructure must accommodate andpromote the Disability Standards forAccess to Premises and includeuniversal design principles.

• Consider future court, facility andclubhouse expansion plans in yourdesign.

• Incorporation of ESD practicesincluding water recycling and reuse,energy efficient materials and products,use of natural light and insulation,building orientation etc.

• A central location close to courts andcar parking is preferable, maximisingviews across as many courts aspossible.

• Adequate storage areas for court,coaching and maintenance equipment.Storage areas away from the clubhousemay be required where fuel operatedequipment or chemicals are to bestored.

• Provision of an office if you intend toprovide on-site management,tournaments and events.

• Kiosk, canteen or café that providesboth an internal and external serveryalong with plenty of storage space.

• Open area large enough to cater forintended number of players andmembers. Providing this area as flexiblespace may increase your ability to use itfor a range of other tennis and non-tennis related activities.

• Opportunities for shared and/orcommunity use.

• Toilets, showers and change rooms that meet Building Code requirements.

• Adequate heating and cooling tomaintain comfort levels.

• Shade and outdoor spaces to cater for family friendly activity.

The following concepts define the ideal layout configurations however it is acknowledged that these configurationsmay not be possible in all circumstances.Please contact Tennis Victoria on (03) 8420 8420 for further detail on design guidelines.

35


Figure 10: Medium community club

36

Figure 9: Small community club

Figure 11: Regional community centre

Facility layout Facility layout

Facility layout


The environment

Tennis Victoria has produced guidelines toassist tennis clubs to be more aware ofenvironmental impacts in the planning andmanagement of their facilities. In particular,the guidelines are designed to assist clubsto work towards being moreenvironmentally sustainable in relation towater and energy use and wastemanagement.

Sport and Recreation Victoria encouragethe inclusion of ESD elements in Sport andRecreation Victoria funded projects.Environmental sustainability should beconsidered throughout all phases of facilitydevelopment. Alternative environmentallyfriendly options are often available in manyareas of design, operation andmanagement of your facility.

We all play a role in environmentalmanagement and in achievingenvironmental sustainability and efficiency.Court surface choice, maintenancepractices, water reuse, plumbing fittingsand fixtures, floodlight use and design,waste recycling, building materials,mulching gardens etc all have an impacton the environment.

Please refer to Tennis Victoria’sEnvironmentally Friendly Tennis ClubsGuidelines throughout the development of your project – available atwww.tennis.com.au/vic.

37

Project funding

Funding for your facility project may comefrom a number of different sources,including the tennis community,government and/or private sector.

Funding programs, guidelines and levelschange regularly, so research your optionsand opportunities for each project youundertake.

National Court RebateScheme

Tennis Australia’s National Court RebateScheme is a national funding programaimed at stimulating court growth andimproving facilities around the country.

Affiliated clubs are eligible to submitapplications via Tennis Victoria for fundingto develop or upgrade court surfaces(please confirm with Tennis Victoria whatsurfaces will be funded under this scheme)and associated infrastructure, includingbase preparation and development,lighting, fencing, water saving initiativesand ancillary items.

Guidelines and application forms areavailable via www.tennis.com.au.

Facility Loan Scheme

The Tennis Australia Facility Loan Schemeis available to financially assist affiliatedclubs, centres and associations toupgrade, replace or improve their tennisfacilities, by providing low interest loans.

A club, centre or association will oftenembark on a project utilising grant moniesfrom local and/or state government, aswell as their own funds. The TennisAustralia Facility Loan Scheme is designedto assist with shortfalls that applicants mayhave in project funding after other fundingavenues have been determined. Loans ofup to $80,000 are available.

Guidelines and application forms areavailable via www.tennis.com.au.

Neale Fraser Foundation

The Neale Fraser Foundation is aregistered project with the AustralianSports Foundation Ltd (ASF). TheFoundation provides affiliated tennis clubs the opportunity to offer taxdeductible donations for potential donors towards facility developmentprojects. More information is available via www.tennis.com.au/vic.

Victorian government

The Victorian Government providesfunding assistance to support localcommunity clubs and organisationsthrough a range of grant programs.

Sport and Recreation Victoria’s CommunityFacility Funding Program contributes to theprovision of high quality and accessiblecommunity sport and recreation facilitiesacross Victoria.

Guidelines and application forms areavailable via www.grants.dpcd.vic.gov.au.

Local government

Availability of funding varies between local councils and it often requires acontribution from the club, either afinancial commitment or contribution in-kind.

Local government commitment can berequired to attain Tennis Australia fundingand project support.

38

Project funding

Local community

Community funding can be sourcedthrough a range of different avenues,including fundraising activities, throughvolunteer labour (supervised by qualifiedcontractors) and by donations and projectsponsorship activities.

Don’t underestimate the power of yourlocal community to support your project. It is likely that they may want to see itsucceed just as much as you do.

Education sector

If your facility is located with, on or near a school facility, opportunities for jointfunding through the school and educationdepartment may be available. Fundingopportunities are likely to be treated on acase-by-case basis and consultation withschool personnel would be essential.

Private sector

Private interests such as local businesses,developers, key users or major localemployers operating within your localcommunity may contribute financially or byproviding in-kind services and materialstowards your project. All levels of supportwill count towards getting your project upand running.

Other agencies and fundingprograms

Grants may also be available from time-to-time through other government agenciesand funding bodies. Organisations mayinclude state and federal governmentdepartments, regional agencies, serviceproviders (eg. water and power) and ad-hoc community development programs.

Stay in touch with Tennis Victoria, yourlocal council and/or regional sportsassembly for up to date information onavailable grant and funding programs.

39

Further resources and information

40

Tennis Australia has a range of factsheets and technical information thatshould be sourced throughout the variousphases of your project. Information can beprovided on the following topics and isavailable via www.tennis.com.au:

• court and enclosure dimensions

• court surfaces

• clubhouses

• floodlighting

• fencing

• foundations and bases

• funding

• maintenance and equipment

• management

• nets

• outside amenities.

Tennis Victoria can provide furtherinformation on the following topics:

• best practice guidelines for clubs

• business plan and club developmenttemplate

• environmentally friendly tennis clubsguidelines

• local contract and supplier listings

• red porous court construction casestudies

• risk management guide for clubs.

The above information can be accessed via www.tennis.com.au/vicor by contacting Tennis Victoria on (03) 8420 8420.

American Tennis CourtConstruction and MaintenanceManual (Fourth Edition 2006)The United States Tennis Association andAmerican Sports Builders Associationhave collaborated to prepare acomprehensive guide and constructionprinciples used by contractors operating inthe Australian market. The publication isavailable – www.sportsbuilders.org.

The Sports Contractors Association isan industry body that can offer advice on design specifications and providemember and associate contacts –www.sportscontractors.com.au.

The Victorian Government through Sportand Recreation Victoria and its regionaloffices can provide advice regarding facilitydevelopment and funding opportunities –www.sport.vic.gov.au.

The Municipal Association of Victoria(MAV) provides contact details for local government areas in Victoria –www.mav.asn.gov.au. It is recommendedthat all clubs discuss their project withtheir local council to ensure future plansmeet council objectives and communityexpectations. It is important to have these discussions prior to seeking funding or resource support.

Glossary and definitions

The following definitions are provided forgeneric terms referred to throughout theGuide.

AcrylicMaterial used for surfacing courts thatprovides colour and texture in the courtsurface.

BaseThe part of a court structure on which theplaying surface is applied.

Business Plan (Club)A formal statement of a set of club goalsand the plan for reaching those goals.

Capital replacement programA statement of all the required tasks,responsibilities and costs that should betaken into consideration for the futurereplacement of infrastructure.

Cushioned acrylicAcrylic surface that includes cushionproperties.

Geotechnical report/engineerA ground condition report prepared by anappropriately qualified engineer for aspecific site. It reports such factors as soiltype, compaction, moisture levels, andpotential for ground movement andmoisture level change. A GeotechnicalEngineer is a specialist qualified to preparea geotechnical report.

Greenfield siteAn undeveloped site earmarked andsuitable for future facility development.

IlluminanceThe total amount of visible light illuminatinga point on a surface from all directionsabove the surface. The standard unit forilluminance is Lux.

Lifecycle costA comparison of not only the initial capitalcost for specific facility elements, but ananalysis of ongoing usage, maintenanceand replacement costs.

LuminaireThe housing that contains a floodlightlamp. The term includes the lamp, reflectorand the lens.

Principle Playing Area (PPA)The area of the court bounded by thebaselines and the doubles side lines.

Project managerA suitably qualified expert who is engagedby a client to oversee the design andconstruction phases of a project.

PavementA term used to describe an asphalt orconcrete court base.

Pile/pile heightThe tufts or loops of yarn that form theplaying surface in synthetic grass andsynthetic clay courts. Fibres are availablein a range of colours. Pile height refers tothe length of the pile (standard pile heightis 19mm).

41

Glossary and definitions

Red porousCommonly referred to as en-tout-cas, redporous is the term given to clay courts thatare generally found across metropolitanMelbourne.

Schedule of UseA document that details the intended useof a facility and is sometimes compared tothe existing use of a facility.

SFAGSand filled artificial grass.

Standards Australia The nation’s peak non-governmentstandards organisation. It is charged bythe Commonwealth Government to meetAustralia’s need for contemporary,internationally aligned standards andrelated services.

Synthetic clayCollective term applied to outdoor carpetproducts that provide similar playingproperties of red porous or clay courts.

Synthetic grassCollective term applied to outdoor carpetproducts used in tennis court and othersports facility surfacing.

Top and bottom railsHorizontal rail supporting the chain meshat the top and bottom of court enclosurefencing.

Total Playing Area (TPA)The total court area including the principleplaying area and the court surrounds tothe edge of the court surfaces (usually allthat is enclosed within the court enclosurefencing).

UniformityThis is a measure of the uniformity of lighton a tennis court. It is important as itmeasures the difference (and consistency)between the bright and dark areas.

42

Appendix 1 – Club assessment tool – court surface selection

43

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e

Appendix 2 – Case studies

Bundoora Tennis Club

“Hard work, but very rewarding” is howBundoora Tennis Club’s President, JamesCopes, described their facility developmentproject. With a total project cost in excessof $240,000, 18 months of research,meetings, budgeting and tenderevaluations has resulted in the BundooraTennis Club having two new Plexicushioncourts, new baselines on four red porouscourts, upgraded fencing and newfloodlighting across four courts (providingthe club with eight lit courts).

“We saw our courts and infrastructureslowly deteriorating and for years weweren’t quite sure what we needed to doand how to do it,” said Copes.

“It was evident from talking to our localcouncil (Banyule City Council) and TennisVictoria that without a plan or cleardirections and objectives, we weren’tgoing to develop into the future.”

The first step for the club was to prepare astrategic plan that engaged with membersto identify the key issues and shortfallswith the club’s existing facilities. It alsohighlighted the areas where the club hadnot been successful previously in attractingfunds and support to develop theirfacilities.

“Through the development of a strategicplan we identified that memberpreferences were different, but this alsopresented some different opportunities,”said Copes.

“We believe the Plexicushion surface willhelp attract a good body of coachingpupils and provide a surface to assist with their future development.”

“We were also aware of the need to satisfyour older member preferences and toexpand the number and quality of ourVictorian Pennant teams. By retaining ourred porous courts and improving them, wecould accommodate all the preferences.”

The strategic plan became the catalyst forall future planning, and was the backboneto the development of successfulpartnerships with the Banyule City Counciland other funding bodies. The Councilcontributed $60,000, Sport andRecreation Victoria $60,000 and TennisAustralia (via its court rebate scheme)$30,000 towards the project. Theremainder of project funding wascontributed by the club.

It was vital for the club to have earlycommunication with its local council at theplanning stage, prior to submitting fundingproposals. It was also important to makesure that any planned works aligned withthe Council’s strategic plan and projectpriorities. This was successfully achievedwith this project, as the Bundoora TennisClub had clearly communicated to theCouncil what they were aiming for early onand together, grant submissions werewritten to obtain additional funding andsupport.

The club had a number of hurdles toovercome along the way, including treeroot invasion and a lack of power supplyfor additional floodlighting. Having adedicated and independent projectmanager helped the club through theseissues with little impact on overall projectbudgets and timing.

44


Mr Copes believes that a project managershould be considered by every clubundertaking a sizeable facility project.

“It helped us greatly in liaising withcontractors and with the assessment ofthe various project tenders that werepresented,” said Copes.

Some further words of advice from theclub looking back on their project planninginclude:

1. Do your own research and homework –it is amazing what you can learn.

2. Use your available resources andpartners and work with them.

3. Get an independent project manager(Tennis Victoria can assist you in thisarea).

4. Communicate what you are doing toyour members through all projectphases.

One final thought from Bundoora TennisClub’s Vice-President, Matt Testolin, is tounderstand the timeline for constructionand the impact it may have on yourexisting operations.

“Our courts were out of action forapproximately 15 weeks during which timewe hired courts from surrounding clubsand centres,” said Testolin.

This may have an impact on your overallproject budget and needs to be wellcommunicated to your members.”

45


Sale Tennis Club

The Sale Tennis Club was established in1951 and moved to its current site in1971. By 2004 the 30 year old facility wasstarting to age badly. There was much tobe done, but limited club funds to do itwith.

With a motivated committee, the SaleTennis Club set about rebuilding the facility.

“Our objective was to create a facility thatcatered to the needs of cominggenerations, a facility that would make ourmembers proud and to bring family andfriends together to enjoy tennis and socialinteraction in a quality clubhouse andsurrounds,” said Robin Lowe, Sale TennisClub’s President.

The Sale facility originally consisted of 14en-tout-cas courts, four hard courts andsix grass courts. The committee wasaware of a number of issues, such as thecost of maintaining three different types ofsurfaces and the importance of differentsurfaces when developing well roundedjunior players.

The club’s first step in the facilitydevelopment process was to brainstorm awish list and order the list in terms ofviability, importance, urgency and potentialcost. The outcome of this process was thedevelopment of a Facilities Upgrade Planfor the period 2004 - 2012. The planfocused on achievable goals under theheadings of ‘Project, Objective/Outcome,Timing and Budgeted Cost’.

“There were a total of 24 projects ofvarying size and cost,” said Lowe.

“Our first project under the plan wascompleted in February 2005 and was amajor shade structure.”

The club decided to upgrade the en-tout-cas and hard courts and to forgo thegrass courts. The cost saving on the highmaintenance grass courts was used topartially fund the upgrades on the othercourts.

“Another added incentive was that wewere able to implement very significantwater savings on the grass courts while atthe same time working with GippslandWater to use recycled water on our en-tout-cas courts,” said Lowe.

“Sale Tennis Club has since completed 22of the 24 projects at a cost of just over$500,000.”

The partnership formed with GippslandWater is an example of a club gainingaccess to expertise and funding in areasvital to the upgrading of courts, lightingand club house.

“We recognised that our upgradeambitions would need to be funded andthat our internal resources would not besufficient,” said Lowe.

“Our starting point was to educateourselves as to what support was availableand nominate one of our committeemembers to champion the funding optionsand explore all the available possibilities.”

46


The club has now submitted over 50 grantapplications.

In addition to applying for grants,important funding partnerships wereformed with Tennis Victoria, TennisAustralia, Wellington Shire Council,Victorian State Government and localbusinesses. The club made presentationsas often as possible and were not tooconcerned when grants were rejected asthey knew persistence would eventuallyreward the club.

“In some instances we applied for thesame grant three years in a row, improvingit each time until we were successful. Inshort, we were relentless in our pursuit offunding to progress our developmentplans,” said Lowe.

“We also registered our projects with theAustralian Sports Foundation so that anydonations would be tax deductible.”

The club’s objective was to build qualityfacilities that would last more than onegeneration.

Capital facilities are expensive but doublyso if they have to be upgraded soon afterif they aren’t constructed correctly to beginwith. All of the club’s upgrades were doneby quality contractors with quality materialsand no shortcuts.

An added bonus for the club is that theongoing maintenance costs have alsoreduced. The new facilities have aided indeveloping community and juniorprograms to help develop and support thesport of tennis throughout the region.

“We are now an active, vibrant club whoparticipates fully in our local community,”said Lowe.

“With quality facilities we can cater for alltypes and levels of participation and wenow provide an exciting hub for ourcommunity.”

47

Checklist

When undertaking your next tennis facilitydevelopment project, please ensure thatyou have:

Conducted a needs assessmentand/or business plan for your projectin conjunction with club members.

Consulted with your local council,Tennis Victoria and other keystakeholders.

Conducted an assessment of yoursite, soil and/or associated buildingconditions (depending on the type ofproject).

Fully budgeted for your project,including securing of grant moniesand provision for cost escalation andcontingencies.

Involved professional designers,technical experts and a projectmanager (where applicable).

Evaluated your project to ensure you have achieved your originalobjectives.

48

Acknowledgements

49

The Tennis Facility Planning Guide hasbeen developed in partnership betweenSport and Recreation Victoria and TennisVictoria.

Special thanks is extended to Inside EdgeSport and Leisure Planning for providingproject research, expert advice and guidepreparation, and to 2MH Consulting andWM Loud for contributions made to thetechnical content.

Thanks to Andrew Gyopar of MouseMediafor supplying photos on the followingpages of this guide: front cover, page 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 27, 34 and 42.

The contributions from the followingorganisations are gratefully acknowledged:

• Tennis Australia

• Tennis Queensland

• Ballarat City Council

• Banyule City Council

• Bundoora Tennis Club

• Sale Tennis Club

• Mitchell Shire Council

For further information regarding tennis facility development planning,please see Tennis Victoria’s websitewww.tennis.com.au/vic or contact Tennis Victoria on (03) 8420 8420.

51

This resource contains comments of a general nature only and isnot intended to be relied upon as a substitute for professionaladvice. No responsibility will be accepted by the Department ofPlanning and Community Development for loss occasioned to anyperson doing anything as a result of any material in this resource.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressedherein are guidelines only and should not be expressly relied on byproject proponents.

Published by Sport and Recreation VictoriaDepartment of Planning and Community Development1 Spring StreetMelbourne Victoria 3000

Telephone (03) 9208 3333

December 2010

© Copyright State Government of Victoria 2010This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.

Authorised by Hugh Delahunty MPMinister for Sport and RecreationMinister for Veterans’ AffairsLonsdale Street, Melbourne.

Accessibility

If you would like to receive this publication in an accessible format, such as large print or audio, please telephone (03) 9208 3333, or email [email protected]

This publication is also published in PDF and Word formats on www.dpcd.vic.gov.au andwww.tennis.com.au/vic

Tennis Facility Planning Guide

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