TEMA 16
description
Transcript of TEMA 16
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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!" $%&'()*++$,%
-. /01232/4. 25506789.1 9:.605028.1 ; 1. 3 0805023?
5789:.:28 3> :7/17@0A8 32B:7 12 3250.1 78 123 .38 602 67 .38 5789:.D07892 78 1. 35. 73 71 739>602 30397DY9052 67 1.3
5286>59.3 59.3 .8903250.173?
2BL792 67 739>602 67 1.3 972:4.3 51Y305.3" Z7 78907867 59. 711. 5286>59. 3250.1 7 37 :7.10K. 039. M$8=1J3? [06.1=2? UJ867K V $867:B09K78? QRR\W
N.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1? !]]XW N28KY17KOT2:9.1? !]]QW $867:B09K78 V
^2397:? !]]QS"
%2 2B39.897? 739. 97DY905. G. 785289:.62 60C7:3.3 7@
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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789078678 . 1. 550A8 67 1. .6 =78J905.
7? 71 59.
8 D7602 0: 29:23 /0873? 119.: 1. .=:730C06.6 MN.:.0=2:62B01? QRRX.S"
)0/7:78973 08C7390=.502873 G.8 739.B175062 1. 0D602
; 59.3 7 328 87573.:0.3 :2 />85028.D07892 7@09232 78 325076.6 MN.:.0=2:62B01?
QRR!S? 71 B078739.: ; 1. 3.1>6 0860C06>.1 ; 3250.1? .34 52D2 71 .L>397 78 1.3
Y:7.3 73521.: ; 62? QRR_S" &.DB0J8 37 G. 52::2B2:.62 E>7 123 .F23 67
80F7K .C.8K.6. ; .6217357850. 97D.862 123 .5923 C02178923 2 .=:730C23 3>7178 52D78K.: 2
.5789>.:37" T2: 12 5>.1? 37 5283067:. E>7 73 82 67 1.3
D7L2:73 79.7 71 52897@92 73521.: 08/1>;7 78 71
673.::2112 3250.1 67 123 739>60.8973? .1 5:7.: >8. 5>19>:. 62867 5.6. >82
Q
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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90787 2806.673 0:0: 5286>59.3 D2671.6.3 60.8973 ; 1923 . 9:.CJ3 671 ..1
:7D.:5.:4. .I8 DY3 1. 0D
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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Q" ^*%)`UH%&`+$,% &H,'$+`
!"#" %&'()*+, -.&/&*0,1
!"#"#" 2340'0*05' (3 %&'()*+, -.&/&*0,1
` 9:.CJ3 67 1. :7C030A8 67 1. 1097:.9>:. 37 G. 7 71
0897892 67 12=:.: >8 .5>7:62 592 67
5286>59. 7 G. 3062 .30D01.62 .
29:23 52857.173 /:75>7897D7897 37 12 3>717 528/>860: 67B062
. 3> 739:75G. :71.50A8b .;>6. D>9>.? 5286>59. 67 52259.
.19:>039. MU2F0C.3? !]]_S"
H8 71 0897:02: 67 7397 67B.97 37 G. 785289:.62 52837832 78 67/080: 59. 67 .;>6. D>9>. . .E>711. 5286>59. 7 37 :7.10K. 7 1. 5286>59. 67 5227 25>::7 5>.862 623 2 DY3 3 .5502873 8 B787/0502 52DI8 MN.:.0=2:62B01O
-.86.K.B.1? QRRX.? !]]XS" [21D=:78? H0378B7:= ; ^.B73 M!]]cS 039. 52D2 .E>71123 .5923 3250.173 B787/0502323
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D.897807862 7/75923 8 .592 C21>89.:02? 089785028.1? 308
:752D.50A8 G. =787:.62 623
60/7:78973 59.3
0: 78 3> /2:D>1.50A8 . 123 .37 :0=78 71 52D7 67/0878 .
123 52D70L. 79 .1"? QRR_W H0378B7:= V ^.B73?
!]]cW [0867 V N:27B71? !]]!W P.9328? !]c\W a:7B3? !]cQW U>3378 V
H0378B7:=OP7:=? !]ggW T0110.C08? '2608 V T0110.C08? !]_]S"
H8 123 I190D23 .F23 ; 528 71 0897892 67 0897=:.: .DB23 8923 67 C039.
37 G. 59. 59. 3250.1
X
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039. M$8=1J3 79 .1"? QRR\W N.:.0=2:62B01O
-.86.K.B.1? !]]XW N28KY17KOT2:9.1? !]]QW $867:B09K78 V ^2397:? !]]QS" H39.
73 1. 67/08050A8 E>7 37:Y >9010K.6. 78 71 602? ;. E>7 0: 9.892 . 123 52D7 B787/050.8 . >8.
67 1.3 7 B787/050.8 . .DB.3
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5283>19.6.3W .1>607862 . .5502873 5285:79.3 E>7 7678 37:C0: 52D2
7L7D712 C7:B.1b 7@7 9078678 . :76>50: >8
739.62 .8=>390232 2 927390D."
O +28/0:D.50A8 ; C.12:0K.50A8 7:K23 C7:B.173
.>927390D."
O H35>5G. 86.b 5286>59.3 ; .5909>673 67 .97850A8 E>7 [email protected] /4305.3 ; C7:B.173 E>7 .3>D78 1.
:736.: . 29:23? 1.:D7897 . .E>71123 E>7 37785>789:.8 78 >8. 309>.50A8 67 C>187:.B0106.6"
O T:737850. 806.6b
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!"#"6" 7,*+&.3/ 23+3.80','+3/ (3 1, %&'()*+, -.&/&*0,1
`1 73/>7:K2 :7.10K.62 592? 37 17 67B78 3>D.: 926. >8. 37:07 67 08C7390=.502873 5>;2
2BL790C2 G. 3062 71123 /.592:73 ; C.:0.B173 E>7 08/1>;78 78 1.
:7.10K.50A8 ; 71 673.::2112 67 1. 5286>59. 8923 67 /.592:73 E>7
0850678 78 3> 673.::2112 ; ..173? 52897@9>.173 ; 5>19>:.173
MN.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1? QRRX.W N>0L2 P1.852? QRRQW H0378B7:= V ^.B73?
!]]cW U0117:? P7:8Ki70=? H0378B7:= V ^.B73? !]]!S"
-23 /.592:73 0860C06>.173 0851>;78 .E>71123 .3
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T2: I190D2? 123 /.592:73 5>19>:.173 328 7897860623 52D2 71 528L>892 67
82:D.3? C.12:73 ; 739Y86.:73 E>7 1.3 :.897 71
7850. ; 6797:D08.6. 5.106.6? 7397 907 08C21>5:. 1. 5.2
7 37 90787 2 67 1. 08/2:D.50A8 .55730B17 67367 1.
D7D2:0." `67DY3 0D7 767 50: 9:0397K.? 70L. 79 .1"? QRR_W H0378B7:=? QRRRW ).C03? !]cRS"
).C03 M!]cRS ;7862 /.592:73 52=8090C23? 52D2 1. 92D. 67
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0=>.1 E>7 /.592:73 7D25028.173? 52D2 1. 302873 .::0B.6.3 78 73923 9:.B.L23 6739.5.8 . 739.
G.B0106.6 52D2 71 D7L2: 59.3
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D7L2: 1. /:>39:.50A8? 8. :71.50A8 87=.90C. 789:7 7397 9059.3
; 1. 08739.B0106.6 7D25028.1? 307862 7397 I190D2? 71 D7L2: 59.3 .8903250.173 MN.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1? QRRX.W U739:7OH35:0CY?
^:4.3O%.C.::2 V Z.D
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D.87:. 60:759.? G28739.? .590C2 7 08.8. D.87:. DY3
737 1. .37:90C06.6 52D92O.37:90C06.6 M.592 67
7@
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!"#"6"?" @,711.3 5.9>.D7897
3.903/.592:0." H39.3 7E>0C.178 . 6739:7K.3 3250.173 737:06.3
9.: >8. 9.:7. 0897:7 67B7 7@0390: 59. 37. 5283067:.6. 52D2 52::759.? 71
37=>862 G.57 :7/7:7850. . 1. D7606. 78 E>7 73. 5286>59. 2B90787 123
:73>19.623 E>7 37 19060D783028.1 E>7 0851>;7 123 30=>078973 /.592:73b
5283067:.50A8 528 123 67DY3 M37830B0106.6 3250.1 2 7 /.50109.8 1. 528C0C7850. 78 71 D>9>2 :73
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Z7 G. 52D8. :71.50A8 59. 078973 /.592:73 67 1.3 G.B0106.673 3250.173b 5283067:.50A8 925289:21 78 1.3 :71.502873 3250.173 ; 1067:.K=2" T2: 29:. 8. :71.50A8 87=.90C. 789:7 1. 8K.? +.B.117:2 V U.:90878=G0? QR!!W +2:2871? -7C08 V U7L.01?
QR!!W -.5>8K.? QR!RW N.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1? QRRX.W U.:92:711?
N28KY17K? `12; V ^7::03? !]]XS"
!"#"?" %&'()*+, -.&/&*0,1 B %&'()*+, ='+0/&*0,1
` 12 1.:=2 67 1. G0392:0.? 12 E>7 DY3 G. 59. .8903250.1? 1. 29:.
5.:. 67 1. 5286>59. .3.1E>07: .592 E>7 :7/17L7 08/:08=0: :7=1.3 3250.173 2 37. >8. .550A8
5289:. 123 67DY3 M$8=1J3? P78.C0673? '762862? N.:54.O^7:8Y867K? '>0KO
H397B.8? H39JC7K V [>735.:? QRR]W N>0L2OP1.852? QRRQW U2F0C.3? !]]_S" T2:
7L7D.862 G.; E>7
738 9>:82? 795" MN.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1? QRRXBS"
$8C7390=.502873 G.8 739.B175062 E>7 1.3 7 9078678 .
52D
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5286>59.3 67 5283067:.50A8 925289:21
67 123 0D1323? 59.3 5G.3 5286>59.3 67 G2390=.D07892 G.50. 123 67DY3? B.L2 80C71 67
.6.5G.3 5286>59.3 67 :79:.0D07892O.031.D07892? 59.3 67 1067:.K=2? B.L2 .>925285719>:.173? B.L. 5.
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!"! -.&C.,8,/ (3 :.&8&*05'
!"!"#" D, =(&13/*3'*0, B 1, %&'()*+, -.&/&*0,1"
-. .6217357850. 73 >8. 79.7 37 5.:.597:0K. 7 78 1. .6217357850.
603D08>;7 1.908.D7897 1. 08/1>7850. 67 1. /.D010. ;? 30D>19Y87.D7897? 37
52839.9. >8. D.:5.6. 08/1>7850. 671 =:>.173" H8 7397
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52D2 71 73
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673.::2112 67 7@925285786. /.37 62867 37 .
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*8. 97:57:. /.37 67 :&/+3/+ 78 62867 37 C>71C78 . D760: 1.3
C.:0.B173 679010K.62
=:>3923? T7:0C.8505GO[2;>7123 ; N>7::.On02? QRR]W '>0KO(10C.:73? QRRXS"
-23 59.
.8903250.1" `67DY3? 5>789.8 528 2BL790C23 1.:73 52D2 123 67
673.::211.: ; /2:9.1757: 1. 7D
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D03D2 6789:2 67 123 2BL790C23 1.:73 37 59.3 603:>59.3 67 :073=2 ; 123 6J/05093 78 G.B0106.673 3250.173"
T.:. 71 12=:2 67 73923 2BL790C23? 1.3 0897:C78502873 37 673.::211.8 .
9:.CJ3 67 >8. 37:07 67/0806. 67 785>789:23 E>7 .627=23 522805.50A8? 6:.D.90K.502873? :21O789:. >8 .>D7892 67 1.
9.3. 67 5286>59.3 8. 603D08>50A8 67 1.3 5286>59.3
.8903250.173? 67D239:.862 1. 7/05.50. 67 1.3 0897:C78502873 ; 67 1.3
.590C06.673 717=06.3 78 5.6. >82 67 123 9.117:73"
QR
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\" $%nHZ&$N`+$,% HUTo'$+`
6"#" E&/
6"#"#" E& G3'3.,1
)037F.: ; 7C.1>.: 1. 7/05.50. 67 >8
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123 .502873 671 8 08/2:D7
60.=8A39052" H1 08/2:D7 52830394. 78 >8. 7C.1>.50A8 :7.10K.6. 71 .F2 .897:02:
78 >82 67 123 5>:323 0:.897 1. .6D08039:.50A8 671
927C.1>.50A8 671
.675>.50A8 ; 7/05.50."
QQ
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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6"!"!" I)3/+.,
-. 7:28 7 5285>::78 . >8 5217=02 6.6 67 U.: 671
T1.9. 528 2:0789.50A8 G>D.843905. ; .:943905." -. .7 71 29:2 5>:32
5>DD78923 >9010K.623 />7:28 371755028.623 528 71 /08 67 7C.1>.:
1. C.:0.B17 6759. 3 C.:0.B173
D78923 />7:28 .6.D7892 7C.1I. 1.
`37:90C06.6? 73 6750:? 673 ; 71 30397D. 67 C.12:73
Q\
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67 1. 7 >8. B735.1. 7C.1I. 1. .37:90C06.6 :733 =07:2 8>7C.3 067.3t" -.3 735.1.3 328b
"b +283067:.50A8 528 123 67DY3? E>7 .8.10K. 37830B0106.6 3250.1 2
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"b '79:.0D07892 Z250.1O`031.D07892? 067890/05. .17L.D07892 67 123 67DY3? 9.892
8 51.:2 .031.D07892? 739Y
52D739. .50A8 929.1 67 1. 735.1. 37 2B90787 3>D.862 92623 123 497D3 .
7@577 328 \? c? !!? !d ; !g"
Q'(0*3 (3 R3,*+0>0(,( K'+3.:3./&',1 MKRKN MU739:7OH35:0CY? ^:4.3O
%.C.::2 ; Z.D57607:.8 . D0t" -23 5>.9:2 /.592:73
QX
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328b "b &2D. 67 T7:3
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A&*0&C.,8, M%A-N M)4.KO`=>.62? QRRgS" H397 0839:>D7892
32502DJ9:052 .: 1. 608YD05. =:>.9:2 67 711.3 528303978 78 :7.10K.: 9:73 7175502873 M 51.37 528 123 E>7 DY3
97 =>39. 9:.B.L.:xtS ; :75G.K23 Mswe>0J873 328 123 9:73 5G0523 2 5G05.3 67 9>
51.37 528 123 E>7 D7823 97 =>39. 739.: 6>:.897 71 907D390/05.862 5.6. >8. 67 1.3 :73739.3"-. I190D. 89. 19.623 67 739Y 9J5805. 328 67
5.:Y597: 5>.109.90C2 ; 37 7@3 Z250.1 ;v2 67
'7673 '71.5028.173"
^08.1D7897 37 6037FA>8. 9'*)3/+, (3 L,1&.,*05' (3 1,/ =*+0>0(,(3/
M9L=N 528 1. /08.106.6 67 :752=7: 1. 282 67 123 739>60.8973
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6"6" -.&*3(0803'+&
6"6"#" 9>,1),*05' -.3+3/+
Z7 739.B1750A >8. 1487. 67 B.37 5>.890/05.862? 78 .DB23 =:>59. T:23250.1 ; 67 +286>59. `8903250.1? .34 52D2 3>3
C.:0.B173 19Y87.D7897 78
.DB23 =:>789:23 528 >8. /:75>7850. 37D.8.1" +.6.
785>789:2 9>C2 1>=.: 78 71 3.1A8 67 51.373 671 =:>:A
.8. G2:." )>:.897 1. .6D08039:.50A8 739>C07:28 892 . 123 7C.1>.62:73? 1. 6257897 9>92:. ; >8 D07DB:2 671 HE>08. 2.1"
Qc
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T2: 29:. C2 .52D92:. 67 123 =:>60.8973 ; 1.
2:0789.62:. 76>5.5028.1 67 1. 083909>50A8" &2623 71123 52D3 789. 3>3 529060.8.3 0897:.5502873"
&.DB0J8 37 0851>;A? 52D2 08/2:D.50A8 :717C.897? >8 08/2:D7 (0,C'5/+0*&
:7.10K.62 :32" H8 J1 37 2/:754.
>8. 6735:0:.90C.3?
08971759>.173? :71.5028.173 ; 608YD05. 671 =:> 528L>892"
Z7 2.8909.90C23 37 .8.10K.:28 528 71
C7:30A8 !X"RS" Z7 :7.10K.:28 .8Y10303 6735:0
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U0789:.3 E>7 123 6.923 5>.109.90C23 37 2B9>C07:28 671 .8Y10303 :7.10K.62 32B:7
71 Z9.9>3 Z250.1 ; 32B:7 1.3 '7673 '71.5028.173 =787:.6.3
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6"6"6" 9>,1),*05' -&/+3/+
H8 739. I190D. /.37 7C.1>.90C. 37 C21C07:28 . D760: 1. 5286>59.
59. .8903250.1 ; 1. 608YD05. =:>5502873 739. 67 n.12:.50A8
67 `590C06.673 MHn`S? 528 71 2BL790C2 67 528257:b 1. 29.62W 08/2:D.50A8 32B:7
8 9.117: . />9>:2W .590C06.673 E>7 607:.8
.50A8 9.DB0J8 37 .8909.90C2 52D2 5>.109.90C2" -23 6.923 5>.8909.90C23 37
\!
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.8.10K.:28 528 71 C7:30A8 !X"RS" Z7 117C.:28 . 5.B2 .8Y10303
6735:07B. & 739:.3
:71.5028.6.3" `1 D03D2 907D.50A8 37 679.11.8 5.6. >82 67 123 9.117:73 C0C7850.173" H8 1.
6735:082 37 0851>;7 1. 6782D08.50A8 671 D03D2? 123 2BL790C23
0623? 123 D.97:0.173 >9010K.623? 1.3 60/7:78973 .590C06.673 :7.10K.6.3
528 3> 52::73
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O T:2D2C7: 1. BI3E>76. 67 5.DB023 92:. ; >8 D07DB:2 671 HE>0923"
-. 52830=8. 2:.1 B:086.6. . 123 739>60.8973 />7b L,8&/ , 3/*)*V,.
,+3'+,83'+3 )', *,'*05'W +.,+3' (3 :3.8,'3*3. 3' /013'*0&" I03'+.,/
3/*)*V,8&/ 1, *,'*05' (3
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Z0 ;2 60737 =787:.: 5.DB023 78 71 =:>07897zz
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"z
-.3 :73739.3 . 1.3 /:.373 30:C07:28 67 7L7 078973 785>789:23"
-. 52830=8. 2:.1 9:.83D0906. . 123 739>60.8973 />7b D3/ >,8&/ ,
.3:,.+0. )', V&F, *&' +.3/ 4.,/3/ :,., Y)3 )/+3(3/ *&8:13+3'W )/3' 31 1Z:0P &
1,:0*3., Y)3 +.,F3.&'W '& 3/ '3*3/,.0& Y)3 :&'C,' /) '&88 97:57: D2D7892 37 :7.10KA 1. .590C06.6 67 *&'/+.)**05' (3
3/+,+),/ 78 7F23 =:>60.8973" -23 =:>7 739.B.8 6039:0B>0623 78 737 D2D7892"
&.892 1. 9>92:. 671 =:>8 82DB:7 .
E>7 :77b %,(, C.):& +03'3 :&. *&'/0C', M3/*.0+,N :3'/,.
*58& >3 3' 3/+3 8&83'+& ,1 *)./& B 313C0. )', 0(3, & )' /3'+0803'+& Y)3 1&
\d
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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(3/*.0397673 52D2 =:>8. 067. 2
>8 37890D07892 E>7 :77 739.9>. ; 735:4B.812 78 1. 5.:9>108."
%2DB:7 67 1. 739.9>.b
H1 507::7 671 789:2 52830390A 78 E>7 123 =:> 739.9>. 67 . >82 7b %,(, C.):& '&/
8&/+.,.Z 3' /) 1)C,. 1, 3/+,+), Y)3 V,' *&'/+.)0(&W 3' 31 &.(3' 3' 31 Y)3
V,' /0(& ')83.,(&/ 1&/ C.):&/" D)3C& (3/,.8,.Z' 1, 3/+,+), B /3 /3'+,.Z'
:,., :.3/+,. ,+3'*05' , 1&/ (38Z/ C.):&/" \', >3P Y)3 +&(&/ 1&/ C.):&/
V,B,' 8&/+.,(& /) 3/+,+),W +&(&/ >&1>3.Z' , ,.8,.1, ,1 80/8& +038:&"
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H1 507::7 52830390A 78 E>7 92623 123 =:>7C.D7897 3>3 739.9>.3" Z7 08C09A . E>7 5.6. =:>.3
67 123 67DY3 ; .34 C0737 1.3 5.:.597:43905.3 E>7 37 G.B4.8 .9:0B>062 .1 =:>:.897 71 789:2"
-. 608YD05. 67 9:.B.L2 08050A 528 >8 .1 123739>60.8973 37 :7>807:28 52D2 739.B.8 .=:>789:2 .897:02:" Z7 :7.10KA 1.
.590C06.6 11)>0, (3 0(3,/? =:>71123
717D78923 E>7 G.B4.8 3062 9780623 78 5>789. .1 D2D7892 67 52839:>0: 1.
739.9>." Z7 .829.:28 78 71 DJ:052
.30=8.62" H1 907D923"
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-. 52830=8. 2:.1 B:086.6. . 123 739>60.8973 />7b 23,B,' (0*03'(& Y)U :,1,03.&' 3'
*)3'+, ,1 8&83'+& (3 ,.8,. /) 3/+,+)," L,8&/ , 0. ,'&+,'(& 1& Y)3 /).F,
3' 31 :0P,..5'"
H8 >8 37=>862 D2D7892? 1. .590C06.6 7 123
739>60.8973 37 :7>807:.8 78 82 528 71 623? 71
9:73 528 71 5>.9:2 ; 71 50852 528 71 3703? 7 5286050A8 E>7 71 5.DB02 737
.50A8 E>7 1. 739.9>. :7/17L.B." H1 907D=7:062 7 67 \R D08>923"
-. 52830=8. 2:.1 7b %,(, C.):& (3,' , *,8 D2D7892 67
:7/17@0A8 78 62867 37 0897=:A ; 9:.B.LA 12 :7.10K.62 G.39. 71 D2D7892?
97807862 52D2 7L7 9.892 1. 7 71 =:>
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32B:7 34 D03D2? 52D2 1. 0D7 37 B:086A />7 1. E>7 30=>7b 233. )' >0(3&"
6"?"6" S3.*3. 9'*)3'+.&T S.,8 7C.D7897 123 3703 =:>D7:.:123 .1
.K.: 52::71.90C.D7897 671 >82 .1 3703" Z7 710=0A >8 :782 67 123 =:>7 3.10A 671 .>1. 5G.: 1. 52830=8. E>7 37 17
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-
7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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602 .1 :7392 MC7: 52830=8. 2:.1S" Z7 52125A >8. 3011. 78 71 5789:2 67 1. 3.1.? 78
62867 37 3789.:28 123 :7A 37=I8 12
528C78062" *8. C7K 97:D08.623 123 !R 1.8K.D078923 37 17 08605A 71 8ID7:2
67 .507:923 ; 37 17 08C09A . C21C7: . 3.10: 671 3.1A8? 308 9787: 5289.592 528 123
:77 .I8 82 G.B4.8 789:.62" ->7=2 :.50A8 67 1. .590C06.6 />7 67 \R D08>923"
-. 52830=8. 6.6. . 9262 71 5>:32 />7b =V&., >,8&/ , .3,10P,. )'
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0'(0*,*0&'3/ 3..5'3,/W ; . 123 =:>.9:2 ; 3703 37 173 6057 E>7 (3&1>3. ,
/,10." 9/:3.,.Z' ,4)3., V,/+, Y)3 +&(&/ +3.80'3'"
H8 >8 37=>862 D2D7892 37 :7.10KA >8. .590C06.6 67 :7/17@0A8 =:>923" Z7 92D.:28 52D2 89.3
603078973b
w+AD2 37 308907:28 ; 5>Y892 528/0.B.8 78 3>3 :32S
w+AD2 5:778 E>7 08/1>;7 78 1. 2B97850A8 67 :73>19.623 1.
528/0.8K. 78 >82 D03D2x M60:0=06. . 9262 71 5>:32S
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5>:32S
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-. 52830=8. 2:.1 E>7 37 17 .60.8973 73 1. E>7 30=>7b
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3' C.):& /&0(,( ,'+3.0&." -.083.& Y)0/0U.,8&/ /,0+,. (,. 0'(0*,*0&'3/b =V&., ,. ,
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-23 D.97:0.173 >9010K.623 528303907:28 78 G2L.3 528 52830=8. 735:09.
32B:7 309>.502873 528/10590C.3 ; 9.:L79.3 8>D7:.6.3 60.8973 37 60C0607:28 78 5>.9:2 =:>82 >8. G2L. 528 >8. 309>.50A8 528/10590C. 6797:D08.6. MC7:
`87@2 8r X"QS" +.6. =:>.502873 60.8973 37 785>789:.8 [email protected]
.1 /08.1 671 789:2" H1 907D7 67
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-. 52830=8. 2:.1 .60.8973 37 679.11. .
528908>.50A8b %&83'P,.38&/ ,V&., *&' 1&/ (0/+0'+&/ .&13 :1,B0'C" D3/
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.3/&1>3. 3/+3 :.&789:2 739>C2 . 5.:=2 671 =:>.623 789:7 123
D07DB:23 67 >8 =:>7:0623 7:28 >8
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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739>60.8973 5>D7 3>3 .5502873
907878 78 1. 608YD05. =:>7 123 5.DB023 3>:=78 . 673 ; 52D6.B173 ; 3250.1D7897 .675>.6.3" H1 907D923"
H8 71 37=>862 D2D7892 37 :7.10KA? 52D2 .590C06.6 =:>8 :2D;2 2BL790C2 805.50A8 67 >8 52D60.897 9784. 673908.6. >8. 7b -03'/3' 3' )' *&8:.&80/& Y)3
Y)03.,' 4&.8)1,. B Y)3 :)3(,' *)8:10." 91 *&8:.&80/& :3./&',1 +03'3 Y)3
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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67 1. C07:.8? 307862 60.8973 />7 1. E>7 30=>7b
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*&..3/:&'(03'+3"
H1 507::7 671 9.117: 739>C2 . 5.:=2 671 =:>7 /25.10KA 78 1.
0D7:623 ; 1. /2:D.50A8 67 52D7 37 71.B2:A >8. 52851>30A8 =787:.1 .57:5. 671 :752::062
:7.10K.62 789:23? 528 71 /08 67 6739.5.:12=:23? 673./423 ; :.50A8 .7 67 !R
D08>923"
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6"d" R3/)1+,(&/
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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[0>313/ *.;+0*&/ (3 /0C'040*,*05' 3' :.3+3/+ 3'+.3 C.):& 3`:3.083'+,1 B (3 *&'+.&1W /3CX'/3`&"
n.:0.B17 U>L7:73 n.:2873
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P`ZO\+283067:.50A8 528 123 )7DY3 "\R\ "Rd!{`>925289:21 78 1.3 '71.502873 Z250.173 "QRd "RRc{'79:.0D07892 3250.1 | 031.D07892 "!!R "]_X`83076.6 3250.1 | &0D067K "cR! "\Xd
-067:.K=2 "Rg! "]gR
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-
7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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5289:21" %2 2B39.897? 3212 1. 60/7:7850. 7@0397897 78 1. C.:0.B17 +286>59.
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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&.B1. \b9/+,(;/+0*&/ (3/*.0:+0>&/ (3 SKAA 3' :.3+3/+W :.083. :&/+3/+ B /3C)'(& :&/+3/+W /3CX' C.):& B /3`&
%29.b &2623 123 C.12:73 08605.8 D760..:09DJ905.? 7@57
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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{:p} "RX
XR
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
51/104
H8 123 C.:2873 671 =:>8
.>D7892 67 1. /:75>7850. 67 .5502873 3250.173 L7:73 671
=:>59.
.8903250.1 7 82 37 .
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^0=>:. !"L,.0,*0&'3/ (3 1, *&'()*+, :.&/&*0,1"
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+>.862 37 52D10523 528 :7359. 8 .892 . 1. C.:0.B17 5286>59. .8903250.1? 1.
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739. 9J5805. MC7: `87@2 X"XS? 37 2B37:C.? 78 1.3 7175502873 :7.10K.6.3
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
54/104
E>07873 123 528/2:D.8" H39. 5.:.597:43905. 37 D.89>C2 78 71 37=>862
.106.6 1052b .>37850. 67 52G730A8 =:>19.623 E>7 123
2B9780623 78 71 =:>
-
7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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6"_" 20/*)/05'
&7807862 78 5>789. 71 2BL790C2 =787:.1 67 1. 19.623 .897:02:D7897 6735:07 71 C2 52D2 7/7592 59.3 07:78 67 >8. C7K ; 07873 ./0:D.8 E>7 71 /2:9.1750D07892 67 5286>59.3
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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(9:2 67 123 .: 79 .1" MQRRXS? N.:.0=2:62B01O-.86.K.B.1 MQRRXB? QRR!S?
$8=1J3 79 .1" MQRR\S ; '25G7 M!]]g? !]cQS? E>07873 323907878 E>7 1.
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5286>59.3 739. 67 n.12:.50A8 67 1.3 `590C06.673t" ` 8. 1039. 67 Y:7.3 97DY905.3 .3250.6.3 . 1. 7 37 2:=.80K.:.8 .590C06.673 7 37:4.8
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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117C.6.3 . 5.B2 67367 123 603908923 603.: D7L2:.862 1.3 :71.502873 789:7 19. 67 3>D. 0D
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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08G0B050A8 67 5286>59.3 .8903250.173 78 123 60C7:323 52897@923 76>5.90C23?
/.D010.:73 ; 2:=.80K.5028.173"
d" 'H^H'H%+$`Z P$P-$(N'j^$+`Z
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P.9328? +" M!]c\S" Z2502B0212=; .86 9G7 :217 2/ :710=028 >867K? U"? `1C.:7K? $" V Z.85G7K? `" MQRR\S" `8Y10303 67 1. :71.50A8 789:7
089710=7850. 7D25028.1? 739.B0106.6 7D25028.1 ; B078739.: :? `" )"? U.G75G.? u" +"? '.D4:7K? `" V '>0K? Z" MQRRXS" H39:>59>:.
67 123
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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+.D.5G2ONAD7K? +" V +.D.5G2O+.1C2? U" MQRRXS" [.B0106.673 3250.173 78
.6217357850.b >8 0/+,
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+G.5A8? ^" M!]c_S" N787:.10K.50A8 67 >8. 51.30/05.50A8 52=8090C2 60D783028.1
67 76. . >8. D>739:. 738K.? `"? +.B.117:2? Z" V
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>8 739>602 528 .62173578973 . 9:.CJ3 671 P`Z" R3>0/+, K,1),*05' -/0*&15C0*,? !hM!S? !_gO!cX"
+2:2871? +"? -7C08? U" V U7L.01? Z" MQR!!S" -.3 G.B0106.673 3250.173 78
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67 1. 5286>59. 603:>D7892 67 1. 5286>59. 3'*05' B +.,+,803'+& (31 *&8:&.+,803'+&
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H0378B7:=? %" MQRRRS" HD29028? :7=>1.9028? .86 D2:.1 67C71231&:83'+" %7i h2:kb
+.DB:06=7 *80C7:309; T:733"
H9@7B.::0.? $"? `0/+, 9()H-/BkVU?
l M!S? \OQ!"
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(3>31&:83'+"$1108203b Z5299? ^2:73D.8 .86 +2D
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7/21/2019 TEMA 16
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Z75:79.:4. N787:.1 67 H6>5.50A8" +789:2 67 $8C7390=.50A8 ;
)25>D789.50A8 H6>5.90C. M+$)HS"
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.6217357850.b 52::71.923 32502O7D25028.173? & :,., :.3>3'0. 1,>0&13'*0, 3' 1&/ *3'+.&/ 3/*&1,.3/T 9>,1),*05' (3 :.&C.,8,/ (3
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+789:2 67 $8C7390=.50A8 ; )25>D789.50A8 H6>5.90C. M+$)HS"
N.:54.OTJ:7K? H" V U.=.KO-.=2? `" MQRRRS" =)+&0'4&.83/ (3 ,*+0+)(3/ B
>,1&.3/ 3' 1,/ 0'+3.,**0&'3/ /&*0,13/T =2%=/" '75>
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D.;2 67 QR!R 67 G99K? '"
MQRR]S" HC.1>.50A8 67 1. .37:90C06.6 78 739>60.8973 >80C7:309.:023? 528
B.L2 :7860D07892 .5.6JD052" R3>0/+, %03'+;40*, 913*+.5'0*, (3
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'0J&/ (3 *0'*& B /30/ ,J&/"P>:=23b *80C7:306.6 67 P>:=23"
[7:8Y867KOZ.D3/+0C,*05'" UJ@052b U5N:.i011"
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+"? H39JC7K? +" V [>735.:? H" MQRR]S" +286>59. 60.8973 735.50A8 Z75>86.:0.
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$8=1J3? +" u"? [06.1=2? U" )"? UJ867K? ^" q" V $867:B09K78? [" U" MQRR\S" &G7
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