Tehnology of Construction

8/9/2019 Tehnology of Construction

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The basement:

No. crt. Functional elementUseul area

[m2]

1. Thermal Poer !tation 7.172. !a"na 16.73

3. #$m 20.18

4. !tore %oom 12.6

5. Hall 10.64

Total area 67.32

The Second foor

No. crt. Functional elementUseul area

[m2]

1. Be&room 13.6

2. 'ain Be&room 16.73

3. Bathroom 7.17

4. Bathroom 7.25

5. Dre((ing 5.)5

6. Dre((ing 4.83

7. Halla$ 10.64

8. Balcon$ 1.)3

TOTA A!"A 68.1

The structure is consisted of mansory walls, reinforced concrete #illars, and girdles.

xterior walls are &" cm thick and the interior bearing walls are % cm thick having atimber roof structure.

• Mansonry walls


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xterior wall are &" cm thickness and the interior bearing walls are % cm thick. *all

thickness must meet the needs of strength, stability, sound insulation re+uirements and

conditions #rovided for #revention, fire or ex#losion effects.

The main ste#s for the mansonry walls

-irst we need to mi* the 'ortar ith ater "ntil $o" o+tain a (mooth, -la(ticli/econ(i(tenc$.

'a/e a &r$

r"n +$ la$ing a co"r(e o (tretcher +ric/( along the

chal/ line or the entire length o the all. Leave +eteen each +ric/ or the

hea& oint( an& mar/ the -o(ition o the +ric/( on the o"n&ation ith a -iece o

chal/. La$ thi( co"r(e itho"t c"tting an$ o the +ric/( i nece((ar$, a&"(t the

hea& oint i&th.

%emove the &r$ co"r(e rom the o"n&ation, then thro a mortar line on

the o"n&ation. To &o thi(, loa& the troel ith mortar an&, a( $o" +ring $o"r arm

+ac/ toar& $o"r +o&$, rotate the troel &e-o(it the mortar evenl$. 'ortar

(ho"l& +e a--lie& a--ro*imatel$ 1 thic/, 1 +ric/ i&e, an& 3 to 4 +ric/( long.o" might ant to -ractice throing line( on the mortar +oar& "ntil $o" +ecome

amiliar ith the techni"e.

9"rro the mortar ith the -oint o troel. Divi&e the mortar cleanl$ ith

the troel &o not (cra-e it. #oo& "rro( not onl$ en("re that the +ric/( not onl$

en("re that the +ric/( are lai& evenl$, +"t the$ al(o hel- to ("ee:e o"t e*ce((

mortar on the (i&e( a( the +ric/( are (et in -lace.

La$ing the +ric/

1. La$ the ;r(t co"r(e o (tretcher +ric/( in the mortar. Beginning ith the

(econ& +ric/, a--l$ mortar to the hea& oint en& o each +ric/, then (hove the

+ric/( into -lace ;rml$ (o that the mortar i( ("ee:e& o"t o all (i&e o the

oint(.


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2. 'a/e ("re that the hea& oint thic/ne((e( corre(-on& ith $o"r chal/ mar/(.

>hen $o" have to move a +ric/, ta- it gentl$ ith a troel han&le never -ool

on it +eca"(e thi( +rea/( the +on&. Be ("re to trim o? an$ e*ce(( mortar or

the (i&e( o the +ric/(.

3. Thro another mortar line along(i&e the ;r(t co"r(e, then +egin la$ing the(econ&, or +ac/"-, co"r(e. hen c"tting +ric/(,

-rotect $o"r e$e( +$ earing goggle(..


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hea&er, olloe& +$ (tretcher(. or/ along the vertical oint(

;r(t thi( ill hel- a( im-rove thea--earance o the all.

9illing in the Lea&(

1 !tretch a ma(onC( line +eteen the

com-lete& lea&(, then +egin la$ing the

o"ter co"r(e. The line (ho"l& +e a--ro*imatel$ 116 aa$ rom the +ric/(

an& E"(h ith their to- e&ge( a( (hon. >or/ rom +oth en&( o the all

toar& the mi&&le. >hen $o" reach the ;nal +ric/, mortar +oth (i&e( o it

an& -"(h it (traight &on to ("ee:e the mortar o"t rom the oint(.

2.'ove the ma(onC( line to the +ac/ o the all an& +egin la$ing the +ac/"-co"r(e. %emem+er to chec/ $o"r or/ ith level or acc"rac$ an& ;ni(h the

oint( ith the concave ointer hen the$ are almo(t &r$.

3. The ;th, or to-, co"r(e i( lai&

e*actl$ li/e the ;r(t. 'ove the

ma(onC( line "-, thro a mortar line,

an& +egin la$ing the +ric/(. --l$

a genero"( amo"nt o mortar on the

ace o each +ric/, then (hove the

+ric/ ;rml$ into -lace


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4. To +"il& a higher all, (im-l$ +"il& more ;veco"r(e lea&( at each en& o

the all. Kee- in min& that (ome t$-e o reinorcing (ho"l& +e "(e& or

higher all(5. !coo- mortar onto the troel an& "(e the concave ointer to ;ll in the

oint( on the to- co"r(e. Kee- a care"l chec/ on the oint thic/ne(( a( $o"

go. >hen $o" have lai& the la(t +ric/, chec/ the to- co"r(e ora((ignment.

• oof framing system

-or the roof system with % slo#s we used #oust /x/, #urlin /x/, rafters /x/. 0eck /%x/% clows

".%x".%.The volum of timber use in this roof was //.! m&.


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0rying #rocesses takes to & days de#ending on the s#ecies of wood, its thickness, initial and final

moisture, ultimately yielding a wood #rocessing and ready for the #ur#ose for which it is intended.

1f the wood material is de#o2itated on the site we need to store them stacked, law, laths, ventilation

s#aces between rows, dry it right without bending effects. 0o not leave it in direct sunlight because it

will forced dry and will bend. Let your wood to dry at least /$% months before to #ut in the work, and

before the climb u# the house and it is good to treated with flame retardant solutions and anti+ue

dealers.

3te# % $ 1nstallation #urlins.*e began construction of a truss roof with #urlins installation on masonry

side.*hen #ouring concrete belts we introduced threaded rods for fixing #urlins.0uring installation, 1

stumbled holes in wood #urlins right #lace wood rods then we have introduced over the threaded rods.

4ot a very hard and com#lex o#eration and you need a serious hammer on hand to beat the wood over

rods.

3te# & $ -ixing #urlins

5urlins are fixed with washer and nut threaded rods.5lace the washer on the stem then tightening the

nut with a wrench.1 had less work due to #oor +uality thread was made totally bogus, off$center.

Therefore the #ile threads few rods that were u# next cut, com#romise.


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3te# 6 $ 7oining #urlins.

8ow roof has great length, we had to order a secondside rafters to 6, m

7oining them 1 did it with a ty#e L housed somewhere in the middle belt thus midst roof.

3te# $ 0rawing beams

1mmediately u#on termination belt inclined at

the to#, we will install two su##ort beams

rafters in the median then another ridge beams to su##ort the structure.*e drill belt and introduced

concrete iron cou#ons that 1 tied strings to draw #erfectly straight beam #ositioning.


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. 9oists

The o#ening attic is big, it could mount very thick beams, one$#iece covering the entire o#ening

without the need of additional su##ort.But we decided to build a su##ortive framework attic

somewhere in the middle frame that we do and housed : high beam combining.This framework will

come in the future embedded in a #artition wall made of drywall, so we do not confuse a##roach to the

division of s#ace. 1 mounted the sole framework and 1 caught it then high #riest concrete side,

following the to# ro#e to strut. 'fter tem#orarily fixing frame we started to assemble u##er beams on

the attic length. 1 combined beams : ; $ 5?53 floor

Tal#a wood frame are fixed with dowels and screws slab

3te# ! $ Making ridge #urlin structure

*e su##orted heron #ro#s make an additional network of trusses.

the middle kinf #ost is #lace of the ridge beam combination, we additionally secured by doubling the

truss being mounted thus two trusses at the to# of the ridge direction of the bottom two trusses in the

direction from the middle frame wooden attic .


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idge structure iscom#leted. @ou can see the ridge beams and trusses network on kings #osts maked

3te# A $ begin assembling rafters

1nstalling after 1 started with mansard facades (front and rear).Montam first time the two rafters in

front of the loft then go to the % behind the attic rafters.Between these rafters we #ull a ro#e to align as

well the rest of the rafters.The distance between the rafters is !" cm

3te# /" $ -it all rafters

*e checked the distance between the rafters to be at !" cm then moved to the assembly of all rafters

for fixing after nails we used %"".


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3te# // $ 'ssembled clam#s to rafters

*hen the 9aws are not large o#ening, you can use normal #lank on both sides of the rafters.

*e have chosen, however, to make 9aws of thicker wood boards, #lanks buckling risk at large

a#erture.*e installed all the clam#s on both sides of the rafters and then we cut to com#ly locker roof

slo#e

3te# /% boarding on the left #art of the roof

The roof deck #lank roof is made of %. cm thick.1 started with water left and knocked the whole attic

deck.1 started sim#lifies assembly immediately from the rafters, ridge toward.1 9um#ed over the deck

in the eaves tem#orarily because we do not know the si2e of the tile, default layout eaves batten rafter

length res#ectively. *hen we know what assemble tiles, eaves and then we calculate the fight deck

and in the area, and after that we make the same on the right #art.

-inal ste# $ framing is com#leted

*e com#leted truss roof structure. -ollow fitting foil, stri#s and then the covering battens with related

accessories.

Tehnology of Construction

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