1. THE PAST, PRESENT, AND POTENTIALFUTURE OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRYPART 3ADVANCEMENTS IN SAFETY AND REGULATIONSGroup A:Robert Astudillo, Timothy Ott, Whitney WardNuclear Energy Engineering Technology Capstone NUC-495-OLProfessor Adam Geesey

2. OBJECTIVES Describe the basics of nuclear safety Describe Passive safety features Overview of the Westinghouse AP1000 Passive ContainmentCooling system Describe plant upgrades and retrofits Describe New Nuclear plant designs and ideas Identify proposed nuclear waste disposal methods 3. TECHNOLOGICAL SAFETYADVANCEMENTS the three basics of nuclear safety are; to control reactivity to cool the fuel contain radioactive substances 4. MINI MODULAR REACTORS 5. PASSIVE SAFETY FEATURES Reactor Safety still maintained with No operator action even if; Coolant leaks Loss of electrical power Operators evacuate the plant 6. WESTINGHOUSE AP1000For a more detailed description on how this works go tohttp://ap1000.westinghousenuclear.com/station_blackout_home/passivecontainmentcooling.html 7. VISUAL DEMONSTRATION OF THEPASSIVE CONTAINMENT COOLINGSYSTEM 8. OLDER PLANT UPGRADES Retrofitted with more reliable and cost effective digitalinstrumentation and control systems All plants have installed earthquake sensors to auto shutdown thereactor Retrofitted with better plant materials to minimize radioactivewastes. Upgraded shielding and containment structures 9. NEW NUCLEAR PLANT DESIGNS ANDIDEAS Thorium based fuel Can be dissolved into flouride mixture Lightbridge company has designed a thorium based fuel assembly Bill Gates funding traveling wave reactor project Uses waste Uranium and Thorium to convert into fissionable elements 10. NEW NUCLEAR PLANT DESIGNS ANDIDEAS(CONT) Modular Mini Reactors Self contained Can be put into underground bunkers Designed to be stacked together or can work separately Supports supply and demand fluctuations in power grid 11. NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL Currently no designated long term waste storage collection facilityin U.S. Nuclear plants forced to keep spent fuel in large suppression pools. All of U.S. current spent fuel waste could be stored in a building the size of aWal-Mart superstore Current nuclear fuel assembly designs only use about 2% of their potentialenergy. Some scientist propose a Strategic Uranium Reserve for future generationsuse. 12. NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL (CONT.) Reprocessing of spent fuel to generate much less waste (95%) Waste Disposal processes still being researched Geologic sites being researched Land based subductive waste disposal method being closelylooked at by U.S. 13. LAND BASED SUBDUCTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL 14. FUEL REPROCESSING EXAMPLE: Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Research Development Center 15. CONTINUOUS ORGANIZATIONALIMPROVEMENT Always improving processes and work practices Nuclear policy enforcement agencies help ensure reactor safetythrough auditing and surveillance programs Improved training programs 16. PLEASE CONTINUE ON TO PART 3 17. REFERENCES http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_14/b4222070137297.htm http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Safety-of-Nuclear-Power-Reactors/#.UXiBDbWG2So http://nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com/h1019v2/css/h1019v2_45.htm http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/nuclear/4-advanced-nuclear-fission-technologies#slide-3 http://www.pnra.org/NSAP%20Seminar/Presentations/Session5/Presentaion%20%20Tahir%20Khaleeq.pdf http://www.americanenergyindependence.com/nuclearwaste.aspx http://www.iaea.org/About/history.html http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/history.html http://www.jaea.go.jp/english/04/tokai-cycle/02.htm