Teacher student interaction ta approach new
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Teacher Student Interaction-TA ApproachTeacher Student Interaction-TA Approach
Eric Berne
By Bhaskar j naidu Lecturer in Mining
Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy
for personal growth and personal change.
Among psychological approaches,it is outstanding in the depth of its theory and the
wide variety of its applications.
Key Ideas in Transactional Analysis1. Ego State Model (PAC Model): An ego state is a set of related behaviors, thoughts, and feelings, a way in which we manifest a part of our personality at a given time. Transactional analysis portrays three ego states: Adult (behaving, thinking, feeling in response to what is
going on around me in the here and now), Parent (behaving, thinking, feeling in ways that are a copy of one of my parents or other parent figures), and Child (behaving, thinking, feeling that I used when I was a
child). When we use the ego-state model to understand personality, we are employing structural analysis.
2. Transactions, Strokes, Time Structuring: One can address you from any of ego states, and you can reply in turn. This exchange is a transaction. The use of the ego-state model to analyze sequences of transactions is transactional analysis proper. When you and I transact, I signal recognition of you and you return that recognition; any act of recognition is a stroke. People need strokes to maintain their psychical and psychological well-being. When people transact in groups or pairs, they use time in various specific ways which can be listed and analyzed; this is the analysis of time structuring
Communication-What Communication-What constitutes it?constitutes it?
Spoken wordsGestures PosturesAttitudesPerceptionsInterpretations
From Attitudes to TransactionFrom Attitudes to Transaction
“Can you have a look at this document?”
Can you guess whether this person has a positive
or negative feeling towards the one with whom he is
conversing?
Guess what’s happening hereGuess what’s happening here
‘‘What’ Depends on ‘How’What’ Depends on ‘How’…. & ‘How’ goes beyond the spoken words…. & ‘How’ goes beyond the spoken words
Transaction
Interaction
Reaction
Perception
Communication
Attitudes
Attitudes are communicatedAttitudes are communicated
TA- The Basic ConceptsTA- The Basic Concepts
Parent
Adult
Child
WE ALL HAVE 3 EGO STATES INSIDE OF US WHETHER WE ARE BIG OR SMALL
PEOPLE HAVE CHARACTERISTIC WAYS OF TALKING AND LISTENING, OR NOT !
WHAT WE SEE ON THE OUTSIDE MAY BE DIFFERENT THAN THE INSIDE
Parent ("exteropsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel, and think in
response to an unconscious mimicking of how their parents (or other parental figures) acted, or how they interpreted their parent's actions. For example, a person may shout at someone out of frustration because they learned from an influential figure in childhood the lesson that this seemed to be a way of relating that worked.
Adult ("neopsyche"): a state of the ego which is most like a computer processing information and making predictions absent of major emotions that cloud its operation. Learning to strengthen the Adult is a goal of TA. While a person is in the Adult ego state, he/she is directed towards an objective appraisal of reality.
Child ("archaeopsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel and think similarly to how they did in childhood. For example, a person who receives a poor evaluation at work may respond by looking at the floor, and crying or pouting, as they used to when scolded as a child. Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may respond with a broad smile and a joyful gesture of thanks. The Child is the source of emotions, creation, recreation, spontaneity and intimcacy.
Two Phases of ‘Parent’Two Phases of ‘Parent’
Affection Love Care Concern Protection
Nurturant Parent
Critical Authoritative Moralizing Advising Judgmental Disciplinarian
Critical Parent
NP CP
Two Phases of ‘Child’Two Phases of ‘Child’
Spontaneous Fun-loving Curious Explorative Mischievous Playful
Natural/Free Child
Polite Obedient Conforming Complying
Adapted Child
NC AC
AdultAdult
RationalObjectiveLogicalFactual
Reality-OrientedUnbiased
EGO STSAES
TYPICAL WORDS/
PHRASES
TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR
TYPICAL ATTITUDES
Critical Parent
DisgracefulOughtAlways
Furrowed
brow Pointed finger
CondescendingJudgmental
Nurturing Parent
‘Well done Young man’
Benevolent
smile Pat on the
back
CaringPermissive
Windows to Ego StatesWindows to Ego States
Windows to Ego Windows to Ego States(cont…)States(cont…)
EGO STSAES TYPICAL WORDS/
PHRASES
TYPICAL BEHAVIOUR
TYPICAL ATTITUDES
Adult How? When? Where? What?
RelaxedAttentive
Open mindedInterested
Adapted Child Please can I?I’ll try hard
Vigorous head noddingDowncast eyes
CompliantDefiantComplaining
Free Child I wantI feel greatI need
Laughing UninhibitedNoisy cry
CuriousFun lovingSpontaneous
Internal DialogueInternal Dialogue
I Shouldn’t have……..What I did was bad!
P
…hereafter I shall be careful
C
TransactionsTransactions
ComplementaryComplementary
Sir, when do I submit the project proposal? On 28th September
P
A
C
P
A
C
ComplementaryComplementary
How was my presentation , sir? I think it was good
P
A
C
P
A
C
Cross TransactionCross TransactionCross Transaction
Sir, when do I submit the project proposal? Why don’t you refer to the
letter?
P
A
C
P
A
C
Cross TransactionCross Transaction
Sir, I am unable to solve the problem That is your regular dialogue
P
A
C
P
A
C
Duplex TransactionWhy don’t you see Shyam’s project I discussed with the Dean …..
Before preparing yours?
Any way you are not I have higher contacts.Be ware!
capable of writing.
P
A
C
P
A
C
Are we passive & Doomed?Are we passive & Doomed?
Attitudes get transmittedPerceptions are detectedCommunications are interpretedTransactions happenRelationships are establishedRelationships decide further
communications
How to Better the transactions How to Better the transactions through communication?through communication?
Use STROKES
Positive Negative
Verbal Non-verbal Verbal Non-verbal
Transactions and Strokes•Transactions are the flow of communication, and more specifically the unspoken psychological flow of communication that runs in parallel. •Transactions occur simultaneously at both explicit and psychological levels. Example: sweet caring voice with sarcastic intent. To read the real communication requires both surface and non-verbal reading. •Strokes are the recognition, attention or responsiveness that one person gives another. Strokes can be positive or negative A key idea is that people hunger for recognition, and that lacking positive strokes, will seek whatever kind they can, even if it is recognition of a negative kind. We test out as children what strategies and behaviors seem to get us strokes, of whatever kind we can get
Life PositionLife Position
I am not OK
You are OK
(Get Away from)
I am OK
You are OK
(Get on with)
I am not OK
You are not OK
(Get nowhere)
I am Ok
You are not OK
(Get rid of)
The Golden RulesThe Golden Rules
Analyse the units of transactionsUse positive strokesBe crisp in negative strokesDesign Communication to have
complementary transactionOperate from I am ok You are Ok position
To have a good day….
Exchange more Golden stamps
Thank you