Tanh Khong Tong Hop Tam Thua Phat Giao - Khong Quan

8/3/2019 Tanh Khong Tong Hop Tam Thua Phat Giao - Khong Quan

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TNH KHNG TNG HP TAM THA PHT GIOTRONG TINH THN BT B PHI THEO PHT GIO TY

TNG

Khng Qun---o0o---Ngun

http://thuvienhoasen.orgChuyn sang ebook 28-7-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcLi Tc Gi1. Nhp 2. Lch S Pht Gio Th Gii qua ba k Chuyn Php Lun3. Lch S Pht Gio ca Ty Tng4. Mc ch ti hu ca Pht Php

5. Tnh Khng l g?6. Tinh Thn Bt B Phi7. Tng KtPHN PH LC

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Li Tc Gi

Trong hai thng by v thng tm nm 2008 va qua, tc gi c duyn

may c mi lm thng dch vin Vit ng trong hai php hi ln doc t Lai Lt Ma thuyt ging: mt php hi t chc ti i hc Lehigh University trong thng by vi ti "B o Th Lun[1]" tiu bang Pensylvania v mt php hi t chc ti tnhNantes, Php quc vi bn ti chnh[2] ni v "Tnh Khng" trongPht gio. Sau hai php hi , tc gi tr v i sng ca mnh thngngy vi mt tm t xc ng v bit n su xa.
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Bac%20Tong/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Bac%20Tong/


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Thc th, nhn loi thc r rng s tt p ca lng nhn i, ca s btphn chng tc, v ca v p a vn ha, tuy khc nhau m chng ngnngi, "mi bn mi v mi phn vn mi". Do chnh s m rng tm nhnny m nhn loi bt lng phn bit v chp nhn nhau, thng yu nhauhn. l iu lnh chung cho nhn loi.

i vi cc Pht t ni ring th nh chnh sch ton cu ho, m rng ny,lm cho chng ta cng c m rng tm nhn qua Pht gio ton th gii.u tin l ln sng ca Thin tng Nht bn tr thnh trng im vn haca ton th gii qua cc phong tro hnh tr thin nh ca cc Trung TmThin Nht Bn[6] m ra khp ni, khi xng t cc thp nin 60-70 vcho n hin ti. Trong cc v tn s c cng hong ha Thin tng NhtBn, chng ta phi k n Thin s Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki (C. ,Linh Mc i Chuyt, 18701966) qua i tc phm Thin Lun[7].

Song song vi ln sng Thin tng Nht Bn th ti Vit Nam cng phttrin Thin tng, lm sng li nn Pht gio ca cc thi L, Trn m chtn ch xng chnh yu l Thin s Thch Nht Hnh v Thin s ThchThanh T.

Nhng cng lc th c bit hn na, th gii m rng vng tay ra nnhn ln sng Pht gio Ty Tng, qua cc cng trnh hong php ca chtn s Ty Tng vi bn i mn phi Mt tng: phi C Truyn(Nyingma), phi Khu Truyn (Kagyu), phi Tt Gi (Sakya) v phi Gii

c (Gelug).

Ni chung nh th nhn bit s mu nhim ca s tin ha ca nhn loi,chng ta i v mt s ton cu ha, s bt phn bit, mt tinh thn ci mha ng, thng yu chung vi nhau, l con ngi th cng c mt tritim, mt dng mu , v u l chng sinh hu tnh.

Th nhng khi i vo ni b, chng ta cng nhn xt thy c mt s phnha trong h tng ca nhn loi. S phn ha ny c th quy nguyn chnht li gio dc phn tch, t tm chia ch phn bit. Bi v nng cao dntr, tt c cc quc gia trn ton th gii u i v nn gio dc cng bch,trong t nng trn s hc hi v khoa hc v k thut, v bt dn s hchi v vn ha cng nh o c. Nhng mn ton hc v lun l hc trongnn gio dc ca chng ta cng ngy cng tng h s v quan trng hn,trong khi cc mn hc v o c nh l "Cng dn gio dc" Vit Namni ring, hay l mn "Gio l cng gio" ca cc nc u M ni chung


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u t t b xa b. D nhin l hc hi v khoa hc rt cn thit v l cnbn thit lp s hiu bit v lun l ca con ngi, nng cao nn dn tr.Nhng i vo hc hi khoa hc th phi hc v lun l phn tch. Phn tchth cn phi chia ch, phn bit. Nu hc lm cn bn i tm hiu su vos vt th rt tt. Nhng nu ngng ti , m khng cn bng tm tr, hcv tng hp ton din tr li c ci nhn tng th, v nu c b mc kt trong ci nhn phn tch phin din th s to nguy c a n s phn ha,

bt u bng phn ha chnh bn thn mnh qua ci nhn phn tch chia chtrn mi s vic, tr thnh tim nhim trong thi quen v s hun tp catm phn tch chia ch, ri mc kt vo tm phn bit, kt hp cht chvi tm chp ng bm sinh, th s t m khi sinh tt c mi vn , k ccc vn ca th gii.

c t Lai Lt Ma tng nhn mnh trong nhng ln thuyt php: "...Tt

c mi tranh chp trn th gii u khi ra t ci tm chp ng, phn bit..."v Ngi ni rng tuy Ngi l v lnh o tng phi Gii c, nhng Ngicng l mt thnh vin tranh u cho tinh thn Bt B Phi[8] (xem thm

phn 6, Tinh Thn Bt B Phi).

S phn ha trong Pht gio c thy qua cc tranh ci bt tn v TiuTha[9], i Tha, v Tnh Tng, Thin Tng, v Mt Tng v.v....Tt ccc tranh ci u khi ra t nhng s hc hi t nng trn lun l phn tch,v b qun s chng ng tng hp[10] ca ton Pht php. Nht l v schng ng ny vn cc k vi t, bt kh thuyt. Khi hc hi, ci hc c d

dng l tm phn tch, nhng khi lt vo mng li ngot ngoo ca tmphn tch thch th ny ri m khng thot ra c, khng chng ng ctm tng hp, vin dung bt kh t ngh th mi ri rm ca vn skhi ra t . Do , ta thng thy cc tranh ci lun lun c khi ra quacc cu i loi nh "Thy ti ging l.... hay l Php mn xyz tiging ny l cao nht, d nht v.v...", trong khi tht s ra, cc iu ch tns ging ch c mt v l Gii Thot Gic Ng V Phn Bit, v tt c nhngg ch v dy cng ch thu tm li thnh mt iu: on dc, chng TnhKhng ph chp ng v hnh B tt o.

S nguy hi ca li hc hi v tm phn tch chia ch khng ch nm trongTam Tha Pht Gio, trong cc Tng phi m cng phi thai trong chnhnn Pht Gio Ty Tng.

Chnh v thy r nguy c phn ha ny m ch tn trong cc dng truyntha Ty Tng xng tinh thn Bt B Phi. Theo , chng ta dit tr


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tn gc tm phn bit chia ch ny, i vo mt con mt nhn tng hp, vindung 84 000 php mn, ch cng mt v duy nht : dt tr tham i, chngng Tnh Khng v hnh tr B tt o. l im ti hu: gom tt c vmt c xe duy nht ca Pht tha. Bi v c Pht ch phng tin m gilp ra cc c xe gip chng ta vt qua cc giai on tu hnh ty theo cn cca mi chng sinh (trch Kinh Diu Php Lin Hoa, phm Th Hai PhngTin):

X-Li-Pht! Nay ta cng li nh th, r bit cc chng sanh c nhng iua mun, thn tm m chp, ta ty theo bn tnh kia dng cc mn nhnduyn, li l th d cng sc phng tin m v ni php.

X-Li-Pht! Nh th u v chng c mt Pht tha "Nht thitchng tr".

Nht Thit Chng Tr chng th no t c qua tm phn tch chia ch.Nht thit chng tr ch c th t c qua tm tng hp, vin dung btkh thuyt, bt kh t ngh, v do s chng ng Nht Thit Php Khng, t m khi tm i Bi, i vo con ng B tt o. Trch kinh Lng GiTm n:

Th gian la sanh ditNh hoa m h khng,

Tr chng thy c, khngM khi tm i bi.Tt c php nh huynXa la ni tm thc,Tr chng thy c, khngM khi tm i bi.Xa la chp on thng

Th gian hng nh mng,Tr chng thy c, khng

M khi tm i bi.

c kinh n y th khi r trong tm con ng chng ng Nht ThitPhp Khng, khi tm i Bi. Con ng m T Long Th xngTnh Khng ca Trung Qun Tng trong Trung Qun Cn Bn LunTng[11].


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Nh th th c th hiu r l trn con ng t n Gic Ng, chng takhng th no khng kinh qua giai on tu tp v chng ng Tnh Khng,

bi v c chng ng Tnh Khng th ng chp mi c tiu tr, v ch khino ng c tiu tr th con ng B tt o mi thc hnh c n vinmn. B tt o dn n chng ng Pht qu cao tt nht, Tam Miu TamB , trong l tm v lng t v v lng bi. Nu chng ta cn chtgc gc no ca s chp ng th t nhiu g, chng ta cng vn cn b sai s

bi tm chp ng ny, do m B tt o cha c thnh tu vin mn.

Trong ln thuyt php ti php hi i hc Lehigh, Pensylvania, Hoa K,c t Lai Lt Ma sau khi ging cn k v Tnh Khng cho mt th din hnh rt ng nghnh. Ngi ni: "...khi u hc Tnh Khng cng gingnh mt ngi gi c, rng mm ht c, m li phi n mn b bt-tt,cho nn chng th no nhai cho ni, ch c th nut chng m thi...". Ni

xong th d d dm , Ngi ci tht thoi mi. l v, mun i trnng o t n Gic Ng, khng th no khng c gng t t nut trimn hc kh thc hnh l Tnh Khng ny.

Nh a ra trn, thc chng Tnh Khng l phi vt ln trn tm phntch chia ch, t n tm tng hp, vin dung bt kh thuyt, trong chmdt mi tm khi nim lun l phn bit ta v ngi, mi chp ng v ngs[12], khng cn hin hnh, t trnh dung nhip, hp nht bt phngia ch th v i tng, ngha l khng cn khi tm y ra na. Tm tnghp vin dung y trong Pht gio cn c gi bng nhiu t ng khc nh

l tm bt nh, tm v phn bit...T Long Th trong Cn Bn Trung QunLun Tng vit:

Ch php thc tng giTm hnh ngn ng onV sinh dic v ditTch dit nh Nit Bn.

C th din gii l:

Chng ng tht tng ca cc php l khi c kh nng chm dt c hai iu:1. tm hnh (tm suy t vng tng) v 2. ngn ng, cng nh chng ngmi php u khng sanh cng khng dit, v sau cng l tr trong nim vuitch dit (ngha chm dt, tt ngm mi tm tham dc) nh Nit Bn.

Ni theo cch khc th tm bao trm ln tt c, cho nn Duy Thc tng cni: "Tam gii duy tm, vn php duy thc". Chng c mt php no ngoi


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tm ra. Mun vo c thc tng ca vn php, ch c thin nh, lm theoli dy ca Ngi Tu Trung Thng S : "Phn quan t k bn phn s, bttng tha c."

Thin nh phn quan t k cho n khi no "Tm hnh ngn ng on" thvo c thc tnh ch php, chng th no t c iu qua ngikhc

Mi php mn u phi kinh qua cc hnh tr on dc, chng TnhKhng v hnh B tt o trong tinh thn tng hp, vin dung v phn bit,

bt kh thuyt . Cc tng phi ca chng ta u n t cng mt giophp, cng mt gc r l gio l ca c Bn S Thch ca, v php mn nori cng phi i n vin mn B tt o. Nh th th chng c g khc nhau,cho nn t bn tnh l Bt B Phi.

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2. Lch S Pht Gio Th Gii qua ba k Chuyn PhpLun

c th hiu c Tnh Khng v vai tr ca n trong qu trnh tu tp tGic Ng, chng ta hy tm hiu, xem li ngun gc v lch s Pht Gio n.

Trc ht, chng ta u bit l c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni n sanh trongth gii ca nhn loi vi hnh nguyn cao c gip chng sinh gii quytvn ca sinh t. Thi by gi nc n nm trong ch qun ch, vi sng vt cht th ngi dn sng kh s trong mt x hi t nn tngtrn s phn chia giai cp, bt cng v p bc, bao gm nhng giai cpchnh sau y:

1. B-la-mn (Brahman) l nhng Gio-s, ph-trch v l-nghi, cng bi.H t c quyn u-tin, c tn-knh, v an-hng cuc i sung-sngnht.

2. St--li (Kastrya) l hng vua cha qu-phi, nm gi quyn-hnhthng-tr dn-chng.

3. V-x (Vaishya) l nhng hng thng-gia in ch.


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4. Th--la ( Shudra) l hng dn n l bn tin, nn an phn lm ti isut i cho cc giai-cp trn.

Ngoi ra cn c mt hng tin dn gi l Chin La (S. Candala), khngthuc v giai cp no c, b coi nh sng ngoi l x-hi loi ngi, t hnc sc vt, ai cng kinh tm khng dm ng n ngi, sng mt kip thtl kh nhc.

Cn v phng-din tm linh, x-hi n lc by gi cng sng trongmt tnh cnh hn lon. Cc tro lu tn-gio, cc h thng trit-hc, t-tng cng trong mt hon cnh v cng hn n. loi tn ngng, loi trit thuyt ra i. T th phng cc v thn th gian cho n cc v trinh Phm Thin, th thn la, thn sng, thn ni, cho n tu la th, hoctn th nhng loi vt. Cc trit-hc loi, t c-th n tru tng, lp

thuyt trn thi gian, trn khng gian, ch-trng nht nguyn, nh nguyn,a nguyn...Hng trm h phi khc nhau, lun lun tranh lun, h lunkhng ngng, kch chng bng nhau. Cc v lun s thi ai ai cngcho mnh l gii nht, bin ti nht, trong khi thc t th cc tng lp dnchng kh s di ch thng tr ca giai cp, bt cng v p bc, cn hlun ca h chng h cu g c nhng ngi dn ngho kh.

Tt c x hi lc by gi ang in o trong kh au vt cht ln tinh thn,qua nhng t thuyt ri lon. Trong tnh trng , c Pht Thch Ca Mu

Ni n sanh v khai th cho con ngi theo v chnh o.

gio ho, dn dt chng sinh tu o thnh cng, Ngi thc hnh ngs v li hnh qua hnh trnh t mnh i tm v thc nghim ra con ngchnh o. Bt u t a v tn qu ca mt v hong t, Ngi t b gianh, "ct i t s thn", xut gia theo con ng Phm hnh v chuyntu kh hnh cho n khi nhn chn ra l khng th no i theo con ng m t ton gic[13]. T , Ngi chuyn tm thin nh dc gc cy B, pht trin tr tu Bt Nh trong 7 tun l. Vo ngy th 49, trc khi trisng, Ngi chng ng ton gic vin mn.

Sau khi chng ng tr Bt Nh ti thng v s ton gic vin mn y, Ngitip tc thin nh bn b sng Ni Lin Thin v v tri Phm thinSahampati xut hin tn thn Ngi c qu ng Cng, Chnh BinTri, Chnh ng Chnh Gic Tam Miu Tam B .

Ngi thin nh v qun tng n cc chng sinh cn ang trm lun trongi dc ng trn, v pht sinh t tng, thy rng s chng ng ti thng


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vin mn ny qu tht thm su huyn diu, kh nhn thc, kh lnh hi,vng lng, cao siu, khng nm trong phm vi lun l, t nh, ch c cc bcthin tr mi thu hiu. Nht Thit Chng Tr bt kh thuyt, bt kh t nghy kh c th ging, o l cao siu mu nhim y kh c th dy cho ccchng sinh hu tnh ang m chm trong i dc v trong nhng t thuyt hlun. L Nhn Qu v Duyn Khi, Tnh Khng l nhng iu rt kh lnhhi, cng nh Nit Bn chm dt mi nhn duyn qu bo, tt ngm mi idc, tch tnh an vui cng l nhng iu rt kh lnh hi. Nu Nh Laitruyn dy Gio Php y, ngi i t khng th hiu c. Ch ph cng vch.

Ri c Pht li suy t tip:

"Phi kh khn lm Nh Lai mi chng ng c Php B ti thng

ny. Nhng lng ngi cn ang chm m trong tham i v sn hn, khngd g hiu c. K tham i m m nh i trong m ti, nh trong mmy en bao ph, chng th thy c Php ny, thm su, kh nhn bit vton trit."

Lc y v tri Phm Thin Sahampati lo s Ngi khng truyn b Gio Phpv th gian s khng c nghe Php t phi lc vo no tn cng, nn cungthnh c Pht ba ln xin Ngi chuyn Php Lun. Nh vy m c ThTn chp nhn dng phng tin gio ha chng sinh: "...Hy chonhng k no mun nghe Gio Php ti thng ny c c hi..."

Ngay lc y, ch thin vui mng tn thn Ngi t bi tr th, chuyn phplun v dng phng tin thin xo gio ha chng sinh ang trm luntrong b kh lun hi.

Ri y nh li, Ngi tr th trong sut 49 nm, th hin trong khp ba cihong ha Gio Php ti thng. Do m c Th Tn chuyn php lun

ba ln trong ci ta b ca chng ta. Ngi bit l cn c ca chng sinh vnkhc nhau, k sng ngi ti khng ng u. Cho nn ch c cch gio haqua cc phng tin thin xo, i tng trnh khc nhau, t bc mt, dcho n kh ch khng th i thng vo chnh .

Nh th, c Th Tn v chng sinh hong php trong 49 (theo TiuTha l 45) nm tr th, khi th Ngi thuyt v Hu Ng, khi th Ngithuyt V Ng, tu chung cng ch l phng tin ty bnh cho thuc mgio ha theo cn c v giai on ca chng sinh. Theo Hin gio (cn theoquan im ca Mt gio th hi khc, s cp n trong cc phn sau),


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Ngi c ba ln chuyn php lun, t t dn dt chng sinh. Hai lnchuyn php lun u, c Th Tn thuyt v phng tin php v bt liungha php ( kh l, kh c vi tm ca chng sinh). Ln chuyn phplun th ba, c Th Tn thuyt v liu ngha php (thng ngha gio), ccgio l c bn l Bt Nh Tr, Tnh Khng, Trung o, Tam T Tnh vTam V Tnh.

1. Ln chuyn php lun th nht: c Th Tn thuyt v Hu gio quacc gio l c bn l T Diu v Thp Nh Nhn Duyn. Thi k ny lnn tng to thnh cc tng phi Nguyn Thy (cng cn gi l Tiu Tha)v Hu B. Cc b kinh in chnh ghi li trong thi k ny bao gm bn bA Hm v Trng B Kinh [14].

2. Ln chuyn php lun th hai: c Th Tn thuyt v V (Bt Nh,

Tnh Khng, Nh V Ng). l nhng gio l sa son m ng voi tha, v chnh nhng gio l i tha, qua cc ln thuyt ging c bnv "Nht thit php khng" (Khng Tng). Cc b kinh in ghi li trongthi k ny bao gm cc b kinh nh Bt-nh-ba-la-mt-a kinh, Bt-nh-

ba-la-mt-a tm kinh, Bt thin tng bt-nh kinh, i phm bt-nh kinh,Kim cng bt-nh-ba-la-mt-a kinh[15]

3. Ln chuyn php lun th ba: c Th Tn thuyt v Trung o. Thik ny thuc v i tha v hu i tha. Cc b kinh in ghi li bao gmcc kinh Gii Thm Mt, cc b i Phng Qung nh Hoa Nghim Kinh,

b Nh Lai Tng Kinh, v i Bt Nit Bn Kinh[16], v.v

Phi ni r rng trong thi k c Pht Thch Ca cn ti th th khng c sphn bit v t tn gi l Tiu Tha hay i Tha. Tt c lc y ch lnhng li ging dy ca Ngi dn dt hnh tr i t bi php u tin chon bi php cui trc khi Ngi Bt Nit Bn.

V nh vy, ta c th xem li ton th gio l ca c Th Tn li chochng ta, kt hp v tng hp nhng php mn m Ngi ging dy theomt trnh t hp l, bao gm trong hai loi quyn gio v tht gio[17], bnmn v tch mn[18] thy r nhng trnh t m c Bn S Thch CaMu Ni phi ra cng dn dt v khuyn gio chng ta, nm tay chng tadn dt i tng bc trn o l, t d n kh hn, cho n khi c th tchn vo con ng ti thng ca Pht Tha m tu chung l chng ta, ttc t ca Ngi, phi n lc hng n. Nh c Th Tn hun d s


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tu tp qua hnh nh ca ngi ngh s s dng n, nu ln dy n cngqu th s t, m dy chng qu th khng ra ting n.

Do , hnh gi phi bit ty theo trnh m chn php mn hnh tr. Khiu Ngi ging v T Diu , V Thng, Nhn Qu, Thp Nh NhnDuyn, Duyn Khi, sau qua cc php tu hnh tr thin nh phn tchtm thc tiu tr mi t kin si m, ph chp ng, ri sau dung hp trongtinh thn bt nh a vo thin nh chng ng Tnh Khng v t qu ALa Hn, tt ngm mi tham dc v t an nhin tch tnh, nhng khng chptrc, tr trong Nit Bn tch tnh ny m nhp th cu mi chng sinhhu tnh. l tinh thn t gic, gic tha, gic hnh vin mn ca B tto.

Mi giai on tu tp l mt chng ng lin h n mc v hnh tr thin

qun trn mc , tun t vt ln trn, do m phng tin gi lp ramc ch tm thi v cc qu v tm thi ca T Hng v T Thnh Qu,i t giai on thin qun T Nim X tiu tr bn tm in o, nhunnhuyn T Diu , gi lp con ng ca Thanh Vn, Duyn Gic cho nB-Tt, gip cho chng sinh d dng i trn o l trng k m khngnn ch tm o. Mi mi chng ng ca mt mc chng phi lm chochng ta t mn, thy l , m li gip chng ta to dng nn tng v tmhoan h pht lng tu thm cc php mn sau cho n php mn ti thngv t n Pht Qu Ti Thng, nh chnh Ngi tng tu tp qua cc giaion v t n Qu ng Cng, Chnh Bin Tri, Chnh ng Chnh Gic,

Tam Miu Tam B .

Xem xt qu trnh lch s nh th hiu ra c l nu mc kt vo tmphn tch chia ch cc b th thy o l c phn ra giai on, phn ra phpmn v dnh mc tranh ci v cc php mn Nhng nu nhn thu sut ctin trnh c Th Tn hong o trong sut 49 nm th s pht khi trtu tng hp, vin dung v nhn ra rng tt c chng qua ch ty giai onm hnh tr, ty trnh ca tm m tu tp, ri rt cc cng s hi t, i vmt im chung v duy nht trnh by tm gn trc l "on dc,

chng Tnh Khng ph chp ng v hnh B-Tt o". l xt trn phng din tng hp ca Hin Gio. T s khi ra tmnhn tng hp ca Tnh Khng, l hp nht trong Tam Tha Pht Gio, vcng t tr li cu hi: Nh vy Tnh Khng trn quan im tnghp, vin dung l g ?. Cu ny s c cp n trong phn 5.


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3. Lch S Pht Gio ca Ty Tng

Nc Ty Tng vn l do Trung Quc t tn sau ny, khi sp nhp n tr

thnh mt trong nhng vng ca mnh. Khi t tn , Trung Quc mun nmang ngha l ging dn Tsang hay l kho tng pha ty ca TrungQuc. Nhng ngy xa, nc ny vn l mt quc gia ring bit mang tnl Th Phn Quc[19]. T ng Th bao gm hai m, mt m l khu, cnm kia l b th ngha l vng t, vy ngha l ting ni ca vng t.Cn m Phn (ng m vi t ng "phin" ngha l mt loi c) th c l ldo Trung Hoa phin m ca ch P (c hai chm trn u). V ngi dnTy Tng t gi mnh l ging dn P (nguyn t Ty Tng gi l P Pe,ch P c theo m Vit l Ph, dch m ra n n nh m Phn, cn t ng

Pe trong ting Ty Tng ngha l dn tc). Nh vy, Th Phn c l cngha l vng t ni ting ca dn tc P.

Trong lch s c ni n a th c bit v cng him tr ca quc gia ny,nm trn mt vng cao nguyn rng ln v rt kh i n, to cho nthnh mt th ng ring bit v c lp, bi v khi s giao thng cn rtl th s. Mun i n Th Phn, t n hay t Trung Quc, phi dngnga v i b, tro ngang qua ni Hy M Lp Sn. Hnh trnh nh vy rtcheo leo v nguy him, c th mt mng d dng, li cn cha k n thyth kh hu khc nghit v rt khc bit gia hai vng cao (rt lnh, long

dng kh) v thp (nng) khc nhau, c th lm cho k du hnh mc ccchng bnh thi kh nguy him nu khng c sc khe hn ngi.

Chnh v do thy th v ng i kh khn cho nn Th Phn quc givng a v ca mnh, khng b xm chim v khng b th gii bn ngoinh hng nhiu. V th m o Pht phi mi n sau ny, sang th k thtm mi thc s truyn vo c Th Phn. Nhng cng chnh v vy mTh Phn gi li c tinh ty v cc kinh sch ca Pht Php rt lu,khng b mt mt.

Phi ni rng im quan trng ca lch s Pht Gio Ty Tng nm trongim, ngoi a th him tr gip gn gi bo tn Pht Php, cn phi k nlng tinh thnh cu o ca cc v minh qun ca Th Phn quc thi xay. Do chnh lng tinh thnh hy sinh tnh mng cu o ca cc v vua nym mt tng phi kh c th ca Pht Gio c ch t n mang vtruyn sang bn , c gn gi cho n ngy nay. l Mt tng, hay ni


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r hn l Tng Mt, ch v qun tng du gi bn s. Tng phi ny hikhc so vi ng Mt[20], l tng phi Mt tha c ban truyn thngt n sang cc vng ng Nam , bao gm Trung Hoa, Vit Nam v

Nht Bn. Tiu biu l cc cu chuyn truyn li v T o Hnh trong ccthi L Trn.

Lch s Ty Tng c ghi chp li r rt nhng tm lng m o tinh thnhca cc v vua m tiu biu nht l cu chuyn ca vua Lhalama Oe chuhy sinh tnh mng mnh trong tay k th l b tc trng Garlog Khan, v

bo chu rut l vua Jangchup Oe, thay v dng vng chuc mng mnhra, th hy gom gp tt c vng trong nc i thnh i s Atisha (982-1054), t n sang Ty Tng hong ha Pht Php[21]. Do lng tinhthnh m cm ng c n T Atisha, v ri T Atisha m thm btrn sang Ty Tng gip nh vua thip lp li chnh php Mt Tng, gi l

dng truyn tha Kadam. Hin gi tng phi Gii c (T. Gelug, HongMo tc l m vng) ca c t Lai Lt Ma chnh l dng truyn tha catng phi Kadam, v k t i ca T Tng Khch Ba (1357-1419), gi lTn Kadam[22] (E. New Kadam)

Lch s Pht Gio Ty Tng c phn lm hai thi k chnh. Thi k utin bt y khong th k th tm do T Lin Hoa Sanh (C. , S.Padmasambhava 732 - ?) sang Ty Tng khai sng ra dng truyn tha CMt (T. Nyingma). Trong thi k ny khi ln phong tro dch kinh schsang Tng ng ln th nht. Sau thi ny, Pht Gio b mai mt i v ti

khai sinh tr li trong ln th hai gi l Tn Mt vo khong cui th k th11 t Marpa (1012-1097), v i dch gi ca thi Tn Mt v cng l Thyca v i thnh tu gi (S. MahaSiddha) Milarepa (1040-1123).


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Bn tn s Lin Hoa Sanh v hng quang thn[23].

Hnh 3: Chng t Ty Tng "AH", biu tng ca s qun tng tu tpHng Quang Thn.

S lc v lch s Pht Gio Ty Tng cho thy rng k t th k th tm,

Mt Tng ca Pht Gio c truyn qua Ty Tng vi tt c cc tinh tyca tng phi ny, v nh a th him tr ca Ty Tng m dng truyntha Mt Tng c gn gi n ngy nay.

Theo Mt Tng, c Pht Thch Ca Mu Ni, ngoi ba ln chuyn php lunchnh thc truyn b Hin Gio, phn thn i nhng ni khc thuyt php. Th d nh l c Thch Ca thng nhp thin nh vo ma


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ma vo thi an c kit ha. Ch t ch thy Ngi ngi thin nh, nhngthc ra trong lc c khi Ngi phn thn i ni khc hong o. Trong cckinh in c ghi li l Ngi thi trin thn thng i ln trn cung tri uSut Thin v ti 3 thng thuyt php cho Hong Hu Ma Gia (Phnng l Mayadevi, tc l m sinh ra Ngi v b t th by ngy sau khi

Ngi h sinh, v ti sinh vo thn ca mt v Thin Nam trn cung tri uSut).

Cng theo Mt Tng th c Th Tn thng phn thn v vng Nam n truyn b Mt Tng, v v l php mn b mt nn thng khng cghi chp chnh thc li, v cc php mn ca Mt Tng c lu truyn quaTy Tng n ngy nay.

Tm li, k t th k th tm, dng truyn tha ca Mt Tng c T

S Lin Hoa Sanh v ch tn a v Ty Tng, nh a th him tr v lngtinh thnh cu o ca cc v minh qun thi y m c pht trin hong btr thnh quc gio ca Ty Tng. dng truyn tha ny c lu truyn,

bo tn khng t on cho n ngy nay qua bn i tng phi: C Mt(Nyingma), Khu Truyn (Kagyu), Tt Gi (Sakya) v Gii c (Gelug).

Nhng cho d l Mt Tng chuyn tu v php mn chnh yu l "Du GiBn S" (Guru Yoga), mt php mn tng i mi l vi cc truyn thngtu tp chnh ca vng ng Nam , th tu chung li, cng khng quanhng li dy ca c Bn S Thch Ca Mu Ni: Kh, V Thng, Khng,

V Ng, v t trn cn bn ca chnh php. Mt Tng dy hnh tr ngaytrong giy pht hin ti "T khi mnh thnh v H Pht" (E. SelfGeneration into the Deity), qun Thn Khu ca v H Pht ha nhp bt

phn ly vi Thn Khu ca chnh mnh ngay trong hin ti ha thnhTam Thn Gic Ng ca ch Pht. Nh vy, ngay ti y, chm dt chytheo tam c, tham sn si, ha nhp vo thn ca v H Pht. Ngay c thnPht ny cng phi qun l Khng, thin nh th nhp vo Tnh Khngv Tm i Bi.

iu ny chng ta c th nhn ra trong ton th cc chng trnh gio l mc t Lai Lt Ma thit lp trong truyn thng tu hc ti cc Tu Vini Hc ca tng phi Gii c. Chng trnh o to cp bc Geshe cach tng Gii c bao gm nm lun chnh gi l Ng i Lun nhsau:


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4. Lng hc (T. wylie: tshad-ma, S. Pramana, E. Valid Cognition, theBuddhist logic and epistemology), bao gm cc b lun:

4.1 Lng Thch Lun (S. Pramanavarttika, E. Treatise on Valid Cognition)vit bi T Php Xng (S. Dharmakirti).

4.2 Lng Tp Lun (S. Pramanasamuccaya, E. Compendium on ValidCognition) vit bi T Trn Na (S.Dignaga).

5. Lut (T. wylie 'dul-ba, S. Vinaya, E. Vowed Morality) vi b lun:

Cn Bn Gii Lut Tng (Dlwa Do Tsawa, T. wylie 'dul-ba mdo rtsa-ba, S.Vinayamula, E. The Root of the Vinaya ) vit bi T c Quang (T. Ynten, T. wylie yon tan 'od, S. Pandita Gunaprabha), l mt v i t ca TTh Thn.

Ch tng tu hc c th tham d cc k thi ly cc cp bc Geshe t thpn cao nh sau:

1. Bc Tiu Hc S (Geshe Do-ram, T. wylie rdo rams).2. Bc Trung Hc S (Geshe Ling-se, T. wylie Gling bsre).3. Bc i Hc S (Geshe Tsok-ram, T. wylie Tshogs ram).

4. Bc Thnh Gi (Geshe Lha-ram, T. wylie Lha rams ). y l cp bc cao

nht v kh nht ca chng trnh tu hc, tng ng vi cp bc Tin Sca cc i hc Ty phng, trung bnh i hi khong 25 nm tu hc vphi tri qua nhiu k thi, trong c k thi do c t Lai Lt Ma lmchnh ch kho).

Mt ln na, d l Mt gio hay Hin gio, iu cn bn vn l dt tham i,chng Tnh Khng, v pht B , Tm i Bi, t vo c xe duy nhtl Pht Tha, t n Chnh ng Chnh Gic Tam Miu Tam B . Ttc mi con ng cng ch nhm a n mc ch ti hu ny.

Nh vy, chng ta cn thu tm li, mc ch ti hu ca Pht Php l g?

---o0o---


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4. Mc ch ti hu ca Pht Php

Gio l Pht Gio thng phn lm hai loi: quyn gio v tht gio. Quyngio l nhng iu c Th Tn tm thi phng tin s dng dn dtchng sinh i ln n mt trnh cao hn v sn sng hn thu nhnnhng iu hc mi. Cn tht gio l nhng iu c Th Tn ging dylun lun ng cho bt c mi thi v mi trng hp. Ti sao li phi nhvy? l v cn c khc nhau ca chng sinh. Ch tn vn thng dngth d gii thch. Gi d nh l c mt ngi mc bnh lu i, sc kho

bc nhc, nay mun cha dt cho ht bnh th phi dng mt liu thuccc mnh, nhng vi thn th bc nhc qu th liu thuc cc mnh c thlm ngi bnh kit sc m cht. Do , thy thuc gii s tm thi chongi bnh ung thuc bi b sc khe v ng thi ngn chn khng cho

bnh tng trng. n khi bnh nhn tm ly li sc lc mi dm cho liu

thuc cc mnh dit tr cn bnh gc kia i.

Tng t nh th, quyn gio v tht gio chng qua ch cng i n mtmc ch l Gic Ng ti thng, nhng v tm chng sinh vn t v th lnln trong lun hi v tam c, cho nn bnh nng qu. Nu nht nhdng thng ngha gio m ging cho nghe th t c th lm cho chng sinh

phi s hi m b o. V th, c Th Tn t t dng cc phng tin dndt tng bc cho n khi sn sng nghe hc gio php ti thng.

Trong cun Pht Hc Tinh Hoa, c vit: Do , Kinh Vn Th chp li c

Pht (khng nh): Sut 49 nm Nh Lai cha tng ni mt li. Mt li, lphp chn thc thng nhin, khng th din ni c, v Nh Lai trongtrng thi v sinh, khng t u n v khng i v u

ng trn lp trng bn th xc nh: Nh Lai cha ni mt li.Nhng ng v hin tng gii, ta thy c Pht Thch Ca, bng thn hnhloi ngi, i tu, c o v ni php, gio ha chng sinh trong 49 nm(Kinh in Tiu Tha ni c Pht thuyt php 45 nm), tr th 80 nm, rinhp Nit Bn. Ni khc, l con ngi, h c sinh ra l c cht i. Th ng

thn Thch Ca bng thn hnh loi ngi cng cht, cch nay 2515 1971. Nhng Php thn Pht (Nh Lai) khng cht v, Nh Lai khng tu n v khng i v u ( v s tng lai, dic v s kh, c danh NhLai - c Pht, t bn th hin ra hin tng nhng vn khng ri bn th,siu xut c hai mt mi gi l Nh Lai.)[24]".


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Cng trn ngha ny, xin nhc li li c Th Tn thuyt ging trong kinhKim Cang: "Tu B ! ng ng cho l Nh Lai ngh nh vy: Ta CThuyt Php. Ti sao vy? Nu ngi ta ni: Nh Lai c thuyt php, tc l

ph bng Pht, v khng th hiu ni li ta ni. Tu B ! Thuyt php lkhng c php g thuyt. gi l thuyt php".

Cn trong Kinh Lng Gi Tm n, c Th Tn cng thuyt ging: "Ta tm c ti thng chnh gic, cho n m vo Nit bn, trong khonggia khng ni mt ch, cng chng ni, s ni".

Thng ngha ca gio l th bt kh thuyt. Tt c cn li th ch l, c ThTn s dng phng tin, ty bnh m cho thuc chng sinhV l ty

bnh cho thuc th mi php mn cng ch l mt php mn, mi tng phicng ch l mt tng phi, ly ci g m nm gi, m chp trc ?

Cho nn ch tn xng tinh thn Bt B Phi.

Nh th, khi nhn li v tng hp ton b lch s 49 nm hong php cac Th Tn th chng ta c th rt ra iu cn bn ca con ng o Gic

Ng l:

1. Nhn ra chn l l ba ci, su no lun hi nh nh la[25], khng utrong ba ci m khng c kh (kh trong T Diu ).

2. Nh vy iu cn bn l lm th no dit kh.3. Mun dit kh th phi on dc (v i dc cng ung cng kht, cngkh)

4. Mun on dc th phi pht tr tu hiu r gc r ca kh (Tp ), gicng l V Thng, cht t V Minh, chng ng Lut Nhn Qu, Thp Nh

Nhn Duyn v l Duyn Khi.

5. T i vo o l thin nh chng ng Tnh Khng, tn dit chp ng

ng V Ng, V Sinh, tt ngm mi i dc, chng Nit Bn tch tnh vhnh B Tt o cu v lng v s chng sinh hu tnh. Tm li,y l mc ch ti hu ca Pht Php.

V nh th, chng ta thy r l i trn o l Gic Ng, chng ta khng thno khng i vo cnh ca Khng Mn.


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mi. Trng Lo bn tha vi c Pht, xin Ngi ch dy. c Th Tnbn nhp thin nh qun v cc i trc ca v tng s mi . Qun xong,Ngi bo vi v Trng Lo tr v dy tng s thin nh trong t thnm. Sau mt thi gian th qu l v tng s c tinh tn thy r. Trng Loly lm l, n tha thnh c Pht v iu v Ngi tr li l v v tng s c nhiu kip ha thn lm b cho nn ta thin khng c kt qu m

phi thin trong t th nm mi tinh tn c.

Vy, Tnh Khng l g ? Cu hi ny thc s khng th tr li c. Bi vTnh Khng vn bt kh thuyt v ch c th chng ng qua thin nh.

Nhng cn c mt khi nim v Tnh Khng v t s hiu bit trn khinim m ta c th vo thin nh chng ng Tnh Khng ny. c tLai Lt Ma thuyt ging tin trnh hnh tr v Tnh Khng ti i hcLehigh, tiu bang Pensylvania Hoa K nh sau. Mun hnh tr thin nh

trc ng vo Tnh Khng, chng ta phi tu tp cc giai on nh sau:

1. Trc ht phi tm hc thuc v gio l v Tnh Khng (Vn).

2. Sau th phi dng thin qun, phn tch su xa vo trong Tnh Khng(T).

3. n khi qun nhun nhuyn th chuyn qua hnh thin ch, thin nh nhtim[26], v gi tm yn lng, trong sut, vo trong Tnh Khng v nhthin ch m s trc ng vo trong Tnh Khng (Tu). y l giai on tng

hp v vin dung[27], t an vui tch tnh.

D nhin lc u th hnh gi phi hnh tr cn bng gia ch v qun, nghal khi no tm qun tro c nhiu qu th phi chuyn sang thin ch, v khino tm ch tr nn hn trm, bun ng, lm lu m i tng ca quntng (l Tnh Khng) th quay tr li thin qun, phn tch. Hnh tr nhvy mt thi gian th tm ch cng ngy cng gia tng cho n khi t trcng vo Tnh Khng.

Th th ch c giai on u tin, l giai on tm hc v gio l ca Tnh

Khng, m chng ta c din gii c. V do m chng ta ch c th trli cu hi Tnh Khng l g trn ng cnh ca giai on ny, bi v cc giaion sau l s hnh tr khng th din gii, m l cc giai on ca s t tu,t chng.

Trc khi thuyt ging v Tnh Khng, c t Lai Lt Ma bao gi cngkhi u bng thuyt ging v T Diu , ri chuyn qua Thp Nh Nhn


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Duyn, Nhn Qu v l Duyn Khi. Ti sao li nh th ? Cng nh cPht Thch Ca ngy xa khi u bng bui thuyt php u tin cho nmanh em Kiu Trn Nh ti vn Lc-uyn vi bi php T Diu , ri theomt th t i qua cc bi php sau. Tng t nh th d ln chui phi i tht, chng ta thy rng khng th no hiu v Tnh Khng (ch mi ni lhiu, ch cha ni v chng ng) m khng hiu cn bn ca kip ti sinh lg. V nh vy Kh dy cho chng ta ci nn tng ca su ci l kh,nhng khng phi v vy m khng thot kh c. Ngc li, Ngi ging v Tp , vch r cho chng ta bit nguyn nhn ca kh, khi hiur ngun gc ca kh ri th Dit l chm dt kh v o l conng thot kh.

T Diu nh th mi ch l ci dn bi, v c Th Tn t t i su vohn khi thuyt ging Tp , Ngi ch r ngun gc ca kh cho chng ta

qua Thp Nh Nhn Duyn v hng hn xc nhn: khi V Minh dit thHnh dit, khi Hnh dit th Thc dit cho n Lo T dit v ph vvng lun hi, thot kh Ngun gc ca kh chnh l V Minh, V Minhngha l m m si m khng hiu r. Nhng V Minh khng hiu r ci g ?c t Lai Lt Ma nhn mnh: c nhiu loi v ngha ca V Minh,nhng trong bi cnh ni v Thp Nh Nhn Duyn th gio l ni rt rrng: V Minh v chp ng, cho rng thn ny, ci ng ca ta c thc, c ttnh v trng tn c lp, t m mi kh au pht khi, bi v b thcy do lng ch k chp ng v ta hnh ng to tc nghip di s kimch ca bn ng, ca tam c tham sn si v cng v th m phi i lun hikip kip v chu kh. Ging v s to tc nghip cng l ging v NhnQu, gieo nhn no th th qu .

Th nhng lm th no dit V Minh. V im ny, c Th Tn cngvch rt r, V Minh ch c th b dit tr qua hnh tr pht tr tu, v khng

phi l pht bt k tr tu no. Ch c tr tu chng ng Tnh Khng mi dittr c V Minh m thi. V c t Lai Lt Ma nhn mnh, ngay c tmt bi cng khng khng th dit tr V Minh, phi pht tr tu chng ngTnh Khng th V Minh mi b tiu tr tn gc r.

V o chnh l con ng hnh tr chng ng Tnh Khng, dit trchp ng. Ng dit th cng on dit tham i, tiu tr mi i dc v nhpvo trng thi tt ngm (mi i dc) t Nit Bn tch tnh, khng cn b sais bi ng v lng dc tc l tch tnh an nhin t ti. T Long Th[28] vittrong Cn Bn Trung Qun Lun Tng, phm 18, Qun Ng v Cc Php, ks 4:


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4. Khi qun xt trong, ngoi,Nim ng, ng s ngng,Chp th cng dit,Chp dit, chng ti sinh[29].

Cu hi cn li l lm th no hiu c Tnh Khng ? Chnh tr li cuhi ny m c Th Tn v c t Lai Lt Ma thuyt ging v l DuynKhi. Ch c th hiu Tnh Khng ng n khi hiu v Duyn Khi. Bi vkhi xa, thi T Long Th, cc ngoi o v nhng k chng bng TnhKhng l lun rng, nu thc s l khng, th khng c ci ta, v do m cng khng c ngi tu tp, khng c c con ng tu tp, ch nkhng c c Tam Bo. Do m ging v Tnh Khng l hy bng PhtPhp. (Ti liu dn, Phm 24, Qun T Thnh , k 1 n k 6):

1. [B phi khc tranh ci]Nu tt c u khng,Khng sanh cng khng dit.Vy, theo [Trung Qun Tng]T khng hin hu.

2. V T khng tht,Tr tu cng on tp,Thin nh v chng ng*:

Tt c u khng c.

3. Nu tt c khng c,T thnh qu cng khng.V khng c bn qu,c, Hng cng u khng[30].

4. Nu Tm Bc Hin ThnhThy u ni khng c,Th chng c Tng Bo.V khng c T ,

Nn Php Bo cng khng.

5. Php, Tng Bo u khng,Lm sao c Pht Bo ?Ging tnh khng nh vy,L hy bng Tam Bo --


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6. V nh th hy bngChng ng [ca o] qu,Cng chi b thin, c.

Nht thit th gian php --u b hy bng c.

T Long Th tr li hng hn, chnh cc v mi l k hy bng Pht Phpv cc v khng hiu Tnh Khng v chng hiu Duyn Khi. T Long Th hng hn ni: Duyn Khi chnh l Tnh Khng, bi v Tnh Khngchng phi l ni s vt (ch php) khng c hin hu, m ni rng chnh vs vt hin hu ty thuc vo nhng nhn duyn iu kin, ngha l tythuc vo cc th ngoi n m sinh ra, cho nn khng th hin hu c lp,khng tn ti thc s v khng c t tnh. Hiu Tnh Khng tc l hiuDuyn Khi, l ty duyn m sinh ra, v hiu Duyn Khi tc l hiu Nhn

Qu. (Ti liu dn, Phm 24, Qun T Thnh , k 7 n k 40):

7. Tr li k vn nn:ng khng hiu c,Bn tnh ca tnh khng,Chng hiu ngha l khng,

Nn hy bng php y.

8. Gio php ch Pht thuyt,Ton t trn nh :

Tc ca th gian.Nht thit tng th V sau l chn [31].

9. Ngi no cha chng ng,Phn t hai ny,Khng th t chn nhCh Th Tn thuyt.

10.Nu khng nng tc ,Chng th hiu chn .Chng chng nht ngha,

Nn chng c Nit-bn.

1. Do t kin tnh khng,K n cn t hi.


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Nh k ngu bt rn,Ngi ngc lm ch thut.

12.V bit r kh khnNgi km kh nhp vo,Php thm thm vi diu,

Nn tm Th Tn ngi,Chng mun thuyt php ny

13.Kt lun v tnh khngCa ng sai, v l.Lun c bc tnh khng,Theo ti, chng hu l.

14. Nn hiu khng l nhnTo thnh nht thit php[32].Cn ph nhn tnh khng,L ph nhn cc php.

15. ng quy li cho ti,Tht ra, t ng li.

Nh k nhn ci nga,M qun nga ang ci.

16. Nu ng thy ch php,Hin hu bi t tnh,Tc l thy cc php,Chng c nhn v duyn.

17. Ch v thy nh th,ng bc b tt c,

Nhn, qu, cng tc gi,Hnh ng v mc tiu.Sinh, dit ca vn vt.

18. Cc php do duyn sinh[33],Ti ni chnh l khng[34],Cng gi l gi danh[35],Cng l Trung o ngha[36].


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19. Cha h c php no,Chng do nhn duyn sinh.

Nn chng c php no,M chng phi l Khng.

(v.v... cho n ht k s 40).

Hai cu k ni ting ca T Long Th s 18 v 19, c Ngi Cu MaLa Thp[37] dch sang Hn vn rt l gn v hay:

18. Chng nhn duyn sinh phpNg thuyt tc th khngTh danh vi gi danhDic danh Trung o ngha

19. V tng hu nht phpBt tng nhn duyn sinhTh c nht thit phpV bt th khng gi.

Khi hiu c Duyn Khi th hiu c Tnh Khng v hiu c TnhKhng th cng tun th theo lut Nhn Qu. K hiu sai Tnh Khng thcho l khng c ta th khng c nghip, v thy l khng c nhn v khngc qu, v do m hnh ng phng tng, to nghip ba bi ri a

xung cc no c do si m t kin, hiu sai Tnh Khng v Nhn Qu.

Do m trong kinh L Cng Dng c Bn S[38] ca Mt Tng TiThng, chng ta cu xin c ban cho tr tu thu hiu Trung Qun Lunca T Long Th, qua cu k s 108 nh sau:

Lun hi v Nit Bn cng cn thiu mt vi trn ca t tnh

Khi m thuyt Nhn Qu v Tng Tc Duyn Khi khng bao gi sai

Chng con xin c s h tr ca c Bn S nhn thc r rng nghatrong t tng Trung Qun Lun ca B Tt Long Th

l hai thuyt trn b sung, kh hp nhau m khng h i nghch.

Mt Tng Ty Tng thng thin qun Cng c in (ngha l rung cngc, i khi cn c dch l T S Th[39],) tc l hnh v ca tng chi


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ca ch T S (xem hnh 3). Trong cun Gii Thot Trong Lng Tay[40](bn Anh ng, trang 300), c gii thch cn k v cch qun tng Cngc in. Nh trong hnh v, c Bn S (c th qun l c Th TnThch Ca Mu Ni) ngi chnh gia, bn tay phi ca Ngi l c Di Lc v

bn tay tri ca Ngi l c Vn Th S Li bao quanh bi ton ch Pht,B Tt v ch T. Hai v B Tt Vn Th S Li v Di Lc tng trngcho hai dng truyn tha chnh l Tri Kin Thm Diu v Hnh Tr Qungi[41], ngha l hai cnh chim Tr v Bi, gip ta c th bay bng trn vmtri ca Gii Thot Gic Ng. Tt c mi tng phi mang chnh php caTng Mt u phi i xung t hai dng truyn tha ny mi c gi tr.

Cng c in trong truyn thng Tng Mt.

B Tt Vn Th S Li truyn xung cho T Long Th (S. Ngrjuna), vB Tt Di Lc truyn xung cho T V Trc (S. Asaga). Nh vy TLong Th l v T trong dng truyn tha Tri Kin Thm Diu ban chochng ta tr tu v T V Trc l v T trong dng truyn tha Hnh TrQung i ban cho chng ta t bi.


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Tm li, Trung qun tng (C. , hay Trung lun tng, C. , S.Mdhyamika, T. Dbu ma pa), c sng lp ra bi T Long Th (C. ,S. Ngrjuna) v Thnh Thin (C. , S. ryadeva), truyn tha lin tcti n qua Lc i Php Vng[42]. Ch t i din xut sc ca tng

phi ny l Pht H (S. Buddhapalita, th k th 5), Thanh Bin (S.Bhvaviveka, th k th 6), Nguyt Xng (S. Candrakrti, th k th 8), TchThin Santideva (th k 7-8), Tch H (C., S. ntarakita, 750-802, thk th 8) v Lin Hoa Gii (S. Kamalala, th k th 8).

T Long Th sng lp tng Trung Qun qua cc bi i lun trn cc h kinhin Bt Nh. Ngi khng a ra l lun g m ch dng bin chng php

ph nh[43], cn gi l Quy Mu Lun Chng (L. Reductio adabsurdum) ph t hin chnh, ngha l da trn chnh l lun ca nhngk vn nn m dn dt, a h t i n nghch l. Phng php ph nh

Phn ng gi l Prasaga ngha l h qu (E. Consequence, dn l lun cak vn nn i n nghch l). T Pht H da trn cc bi lun m vitcun Pht H Cn Bn Trung Qun Lun Thch (S. Buddhaplita-mlamadhyamaka-vtti). Phng php ph nh Prasaga ch dng s phnh khng bao hm xc nh[44], ngha l ph nh m khng a nmt hm xc nh no, th d nh cu tam on lun[45] sau, T suyra rng tt c mi php u bt sinh, bi v cc php u do duyn khi mc. S ph nh ny ch thun cht ph nh, cc php u bt sinh, chmht, khng c thm mt hm xc nh no bn trong.

Th k th 6 sau , T Thanh Bin vit bi lun da trn cun Pht HCn Bn Trung Qun Lun Thch a ra nhng lun c xng phnh bao hm xc nh[46], th d nh cu T suy ra rng tt c mi

php u t bn tnh bt sinh, bi v cc php u do duyn khi m c,cu ny tuy ph nh t tnh sinh khi, nhng ng thi cng m ch ltrn phng din tc ca th gian quy c, cc php c sinh dit (bi vni rng bt sinh trn phng din chn , l thng ngha ). l li llun dng phng php suy lun bin chng da trn c s Nhn minh hc(S. Hetuvidy) v Lng hc (S. Pramavda). S khc bit vi phng

php ph nh Prasaga bn trn l ch, c thm cc ch t bn tnhvo trong cu, nh vy bao hm thm s xc nh bn trong s ph nh.

Th k th 8, T Nguyt Xng li bc b cc lun c ca T Thanh Binbin h i tr v Phng php ph nh khng xc nh Prasaga, vt truyn thng Gii c (Gelug) do T Tng Khch Ba i theo stn ngy nay.


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Nh vy, sau T Nguyt Xng v th k th 8 th Trung Qun Tng phnlm hai chi l Trung Qun C Duyn Tng ( , S. Prasagika, cnggi l Trung Qun ng Thnh Tng, C. , E. The ConsequenceSchool) v chi kia l Trung Qun T Lp Tng (C. , hay

Trung qun-Y t khi tng, C.

, S. Svtantrika, E. The Self-Established School, cng dch l The Autonomy School).

Trong khi , cng vo th k th 8, T Tch H (C. , S. ntarakita)th li kt hp Du Gi Hnh Tng (S. Yogcra, ca T V Trc, cn gi lDuy Thc Tng) v tng phi ca T Thanh Bin thnh lp tng phiTrung Qun Du Gi Hnh Tng (mdhyamika-yogcra, hay cn gi lTrung Qun Duy Thc Tng).

Trung Qun C Duyn Tng (hay Trung Qun ng Thnh Tng) mang tn

l do phn ng prasaga (v ngi theo Prasaga gi l Prasagika)c ngha H Qu, bi v chuyn dng chnh l lun ca i phng ah n mt h qu (prasaga) nghch l sau . Tng phi ny l truyntha thng xung t T Nguyt Xng, v xng Tnh Khng, v t tnhca tt c mi php, khng a thm lun c no v Chn tnh (hay Phttnh, E. Ultimate nature) ca Thng ngha (hay Chn , E. Ultimatetruth).

Trung Qun T Lp Tng (hay Trung qun-Y t Khi tng) th kt hp llun ca Duy thc tng v Nhn minh hc ca Trn-na (C. , S.

Dignga) t lp (self-established), to thnh mt tam on lun c oca chnh mnh m trong , c ba mnh (Tin , Trung v Kt lun)a ra mt lun im t lp, t khi, v sau i n bc b lp lun i

phng. T hai tng phi ny m sau chuyn thnh hai trng phi T TnhKhng (T. Rang-tong) v Tha Tnh Khng (Shen-tong), s bn qua phnsau.

Mt Tng c a sang Ty Tng vi ton b gio l Tnh Khng qua TLin Hoa Sanh (Padmasambhava 732 - ?) v i xung qua cc i php

vng Marpa (thy ca T Milarepa), Sakya Pandita, Dolpopa, Longchenpa,Tsongkhapa, Tangtong Gyalpo, Taranatha, Jigme Lingpa, v cc ch vkhc, ri chuyn thnh bn i tng phi hin gi l C Mt (Nyingma),Khu Truyn (Kagyu), Tt Gi (Sakya) v Gii c (Gelug). n y thTnh Khng tc l Trung Qun Tng li phn ra lm hai trng phi caTy Tng l T Tnh Khng (T. Rang-tong, E. Self-empty) v Tha TnhKhng (Shen-tong, E. Other-empty).


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T Tnh Khng n t cc gio thuyt ca T Long Th v Nguyt Xng,cng chnh l truyn tha t Trung Qun C Duyn Tng (Prasagika).

Tha Tnh Khng thot thai t Trung Qun Du Gi Hnh Tng (S. YogacaraMadhyamaka) ca T V Trc v T Tch H. Sau ny, do chnh v T SDolpopa Sherab Gyeltsen (1292-1361) sng lp ra tng phi Gic Nang (C. , T. Jonang) xng. Gn y hn na vo th k th 16, Tha TnhKhng do i s Taranatha (tn ny mang ngha l v chuyn tu hnh tr

php mn Pht Ph Mu, S. Tara), c sy.

S lc th T Tnh Khng xng l nht thit ch php u hon tontrng rng, khng c t tnh v ngoi ra khng tha nhn iu g khc[47].Bi v Chn Tnh hay Pht tnh l iu khng th dng khi nim m dint, v trng thi ca Chn Tnh vn bt kh thuyt, bt kh t ngh. Cho nn

T Tnh Khng xng "Nht Thit Php Khng", tt c mi s vt utrng rng, khng c t tnh. Cn Chn Tnh th v ngn. V im ny, ciu tng ng vi Thin Tng, v ta cn nh li nhng giai thoi trongThin mn, vi cc th d ni ting nht l "Vn Mn cn th quyt", hay l"Triu Chu nh tin bch th t"[48].

Cn Tha Tnh Khng xng: bn tnh ca tm trng rng cc th khc(ngha l trng rng tt c mi tnh cht ngoi ci t tnh bt khthuyt[49]). Theo Tha Tnh Khng th Chn Tnh Ti Hu cng c cim ca Tnh Khng, nhng Tnh Khng ca Chn Tnh Ti Hu khng

th no c cng c tnh vi Tnh Khng ca cc php hu tng, hu vi.Chng ta hy c nhng iu c t lai Lt Ma ging v Tha Tnh Khngv T Tnh Khng nh sau (trch t bi ging Duyn Khi[50]):

Bi v c mt s nhn mnh ln trong h gio l i Vin Mn trn tu tpv bn tm Tnh Quang bm sinh, nn c s trnh by khc thng v nh. V th nn gi l nh c bit. iu ny c th gii thch s lc nhsau, ci gi l tnh cn bn v bm sinh chnh l chn , v bt c ci glin h n nhng th ngoi lai, u l tc . Trn quan im ny, bn tm

Tnh Quang bm sinh trng rng khng c tt c nhng g ca tc , khngc nhng php ngoi lai, nh th c ngha l Tha-Tnh-Khng[51], l TnhKhng ca nhng th khc (ngoi n). Tuy vy cn ni thm l ci bn tmTnh Quang bm sinh ny c mt bn tnh thun thanh tnh, nh th, tm ykhng vt khi bn cht ca Tnh Khng, khng c hin hu t tnh, c ra trong k chuyn php lun th hai[52] ca Pht gio.


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tng t ca cc tng phi . Ngc li, Bt B Phi ngha l nhn bit ccs khc bit ca tng truyn thng, gn gi v bo tn tinh ty ca tngtruyn thng ca cc tng phi khc nhau .

Bt B Phi khng c ngha l khng gn gi truyn thng tu tp camnh, im quan trng nht l khng c trn ln cc tu tp ca truynthng ny sang truyn thng khc. iu ny c t Lai Lt Ma nhiuln dn d ch tng, l c th tu theo cc php mn ca cc truyn thngkhc nhau, nhng tuyt i khng ly ru ng n m cm cm b kia, nghal phi gi gn tng cc php mn y nguyn cht v nguyn thy. Cc phnhnh tr v cc giai on hnh tr ca Php mn ca tng phi khi hc thno th phi gi y nguyn tinh cht nh th.

Vy Bt B Phi l g ? Ni mt cch n gin th l khng c si m

m qung ch trch cc truyn thng khc l sai lm v nu c s hiu lmdo v minh no th phi gii ta nh nhng s hiu lm ngay lp tc.

V tn s Jamgon Kongtrul c tm tt quan im ca Ngi v Bt B Phinh sau:

"Ch tn s v ch v i thnh tu gi ca cc tng phi khc nhau trnhby Pht Php theo tng quan im ca ch v. Mi tng phi u c ynhng im c th tinh ty ring v c h tr bi cc lun c vng chc.

Nu ta hc k cng truyn thng ca mnh v nm vng h gio l truyn

tha ca mnh cng nh c nn tng vng chc trn cc gio php ca dngtruyn tha th khng c g m phi tr thnh b phi si m m qung.

Ngc li, nu ta ln ln gia cc h tng phi khc nhau v kt trong tng th c ngha l chnh ta cha nm vng c truyn thng ca dngtruyn tha ca chnh mnh. Nh th, ta s c s dng ln ln cc truynthng khc nhau minh nh cho s hiu bit ca mnh, v nh th cngngy cng ri rm trm trng trong cc gio l, trong cc hnh tr thin nh,trong cc gii hnh v kt qu tu tp, y nh mt ngi th dt vi vng v.Tr phi c mt s hiu bit chc chn trong truyn thng mnh tu tp, nukhng ta s khng th dng l lun h tr cho kinh in, v s khng th

bn lun v iu m nhng ngi khc khng nh. L lun ca chng ta str thnh h lun di mt nhn ca cc ch tn. V th, tt hn l phi hchi k cng truyn thng gio l ca chnh dng truyn tha ca mnh trc.


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Sau cng im tm li l ta phi thy r tt c mi gio php u khng cg i nghch nhau, v phi xem tt c kinh in l nhng gio php hnh tr.Lm c nh th th gc r ca u c b phi v cc nh kin s b nh

bt ra khi tm thc v gip cho ta ng vng chc trong nn tng ca giol o Pht. t n ch ny th hng trm ca ng dn vo 84 000 phpmn s m rng cng mt lt cho chng ta.

---o0o---

7. Tng Kt

Khi nhn li ton b gio php di quan im Tng Hp v theo tinh thnBt B Phi th chng thy c phn bit trn cc gio php, tt c gio phpcng u a n cnh ca Khng Mn. Pht tnh ch c mt, cho d l

Thanh Vn, Duyn Gic hay B Tt, cho d l Tha Tnh Khng hay TTnh Khng, ngn t c khc bit trn v tr ng nhn v trn gio phpphng tin ca s hnh tr kh l v kh hp vi tng cn c ca michng sinh, nhng ngha ch l mt v duy nht: Duyn Khi v TnhKhng.

V l Duyn Khi v Tnh Khng l ct tr ca Pht Php, cho nn c tLai Lt Ma thuyt ging K Tn Thn Thuyt Duyn Khi[54] ca TTng Khch Ba, ti San Francisco vo thng 04, 2007. Xin trch cc k s 4v 5:

4. V v l nh th, i, tha c Sinh,Ai ngi c th tm, Cu tn thn diu kHn l [tn thn Ngi], dy rng sinh khiVn ty thuc nhn duyn.

5. Chng nhn duyn sinh php,Ng thuyt tc th khng.Cn c gio l no, V song v k diuHn c c hai cu, tuyn thuyt trn ?

V tm li, Tnh Khng khi nhn di con mt tng hp, ton din thchnh l T Diu , chnh l Thp Nh Nhn Duyn, chnh l Nhn Qu vnht l, chnh l Duyn Khi.

V Tnh Khng nh th cng chnh l tm i Bi, v t Tnh Khng mkhi tm i Bi.


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Khng QunPhp danh Sonam Nyima Chn Gic

Thng 12 nm 2008.

---o0o---

PHN PH LC

Tm lc cc trc tc chnh ca ch T trong Trung Qun.(trch t T in Pht Hc ca Chn Nguyn )

T Long Th (C. , S. Ngrjuna, 150-250 ):

1. Cn bn trung qun lun tng (S. [mla-] madhyamaka-krik), cngc gi l Trung qun lun tng, hoc Trung qun lun (S. madhyamaka-stra), Cu-ma-la-thp dch Hn vn. Cn Phn bn, E. The Root ofWisdom;

2. Cn bn trung qun lun thch v u ch (S. mlamdhyamikav tti-akutobhay), c gi tt l V u ch, ch cn bn Tng ng;

3. i tr lun (S. mahprajpramit-stra,

mahprajpramitopadea), 100 quyn, Cu-ma-la-thp dch;4. Thp nh mn lun (S. dvdaanikya-stra, dvdaadvra-stra),Cu-ma-la-thp dch;

5. Nhn duyn tm lun tng (S. prattyasamutpda-h daya-krik), khng bit ngi dch; cn Phn bn;

6. i tha nh thp tng (S. mahyna-vi ik), Th H dch;

7. Bo hnh vng chnh lun (S. rjaparikath-ratnval, cng c gil ratnval, hay Vng bo chu), 1 quyn, Chn (S. paramrtha) dch,cn Phn bn;

8. Tht thp khng tnh lun (S. nyat-saptati), bn Tng ng vn cn;cn Phn bn


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9. Tht thp khng tnh lun thch (S. nyat-saptativ tti), ch gii Tht thp khng tnh lun, Nguyt Xng (S. Candrakrti) v Parahita cng cson mt tc phm di tn ny;

10. Phng tin tm lun (S. upya-h daya), mt tc phm v Lun l hc (nhn minh) c xem l ca S, bn dch Hn vn cn do Ct-ca-d dch;

11. Tp kinh lun (S. strasamuccaya); c hai tp di tn ny: mt tcphm c l tht truyn ca Tch Thin (S. ntideva) v mt tc phmc xem l ca S;

12. Hi trnh lun (S. vigraha-vyvartan, vigrahavyvartankrik), T-mcTr Tin v C-m Lu-chi dch chung; cn Phn bn;

13. Hi trnh lun thch (S. vigraha-vyvartan-v tti);

14. Long Th B Tt khuyn gii vng tng (S. rya-ngrjunabodhisattva-suh llekha), Ngha Tnh dch, cn Phn bn;

15. Qung ph kinh (vaidalya-stra?), Qung ph lun(vaidalyaprakara a?), bn dch Hn v Tng ng vn cn;

16. Lc thp tng nh l lun (S. yukti- a hik), Th H dch, cng c bn Tng ng;

17. Thp tr t-b-sa lun (S. daabhmi-vibh -stra), 17 quyn, Cu-ma-la-thp dch;

18. B- tm ly tng lun (S. lak a avimukta-bodhih daya-stra), 1 quyn, Th H dch;

19. i tha ph hu lun (S. mahyna-bhavabheda-stra), 1 quyn, t-ma-cp-a (S. dharmagupta) dch;

20. Tn Php gii tng (S. dharmadhtu-stotra), 1 quyn, Th H dch;21. B- t lng lun (S. bodhisa bhraka), 6 quyn, t-ma-cp-a (S. dharmagupta) dch.

T Thnh Thin (C., S. ryadeva, khong th k th 3)

1. T bch lun (S. catu ataka);


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T Thanh Bin (C., S. Bhvaviveka, 500578)

1. i tha chng trn lun (S. mahynatlaratnastra), Huyn Trangdch;

2. Bt-nh ng lun thch (S. prajpradpa, cng c tn prajpradpa-mlamadhyamaka-v tti), Ba-la-ph Mt-a dch;

3. Trung qun tm lun tng (S. madhyamakah dayakrik), Tng ng;

4. Trung qun tm quang minh bin lun (S.madhyamakah dayav ttitarkajvl), ch gii Trung qun tm lun tng (S. madhyamakah dayakrik), Tng ng;

5. Trung qun nhn duyn lun (S. madhyamikaprattyasamutpda-stra),Tng ng;

6. Nhp trung qun ng lun (S. madhyamakvatrapradpa), Tng ng;

7. Nhip trung qun ngha lun (S. madhyamrtha-sa graha), bn Tng ng v Phn ng;

8. D b tng tinh thch (S. nikyabheda-vibha gavykhyna), ch cn lu li trong Tng ng, ni v cc tng phi Pht gio sau khi Pht dit nthi Thanh Bin, rt ging D b tng lun lun (S.samayabhedavyhacakrastra) ca Th Hu (S. Vasumitra).

T Tch H (C., S. ntarak ita, 750-802)

1. Trung qun trang nghim lun (C., S. madhyamakla kra)

2. Nhip chn tht lun (C., S. tattvasa graha)

3. Nh thp lut nghi ch (C., S. sa vara-vimaka-v tti)

4. Th Tn tn ct tng chp kim cng ca qung thch (C., S. r-vajradharasa gtibhagavatstotra- ik)

5. Bt Nh Lai tn (C., S. a atathgata-stotra)

6. Nh phn bit nan ng thch (C., S.satyadvayavibha ga-pajik)


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T Nguyt Xng (C., S. Candrakrti, th k th 8)

Minh c lun (S. prasannapad), gi l Trung qun minh c lun (S.madhyamakav tti-prasannapad), tc phm ch gii Trung qun lun (S. madhyamaka-stra) ca Long Th (S. Ngrjuna) duy nht bng nguynvn Phn ng, cn bn Tng ng;

Nhp trung qun lun (S. madhyamakvatra), ch cn bn Tng ng;

Nhp trung lun thch (S. madhyamakvatra-bh ya), ch cn bn Tng ng;

Nhn duyn tm lun thch (S. prattyasamutpda-h daya-v tti), mt tc phm ch gii Nhn duyn tm lun tng (S. prattyasamutpda-h daya-krik), c xem l ca Long Th, ch cn bn Tng ng;

Tht thp khng tnh lun thch (S. nyat-saptativ tti), ch gii Tht thp khng tnh lun (S. nyat-saptati) ca Long Th. Long Th (v Parahita)cng c son mt tc phm di tn ny. Ch cn bn Tng ng;

Lc thp tng nh l lun thch (S. yukti- a hik-v tti), lun gii Lc thp tng nh l lun (S. yukti- a hik), mt tc phm c xem l ca Long Th, ch cn bn Tng ng;

B Tt du-gi hnh t bch lun thch (S. bodhisattvayogcra-catu ataka-k), ch thch b T bch lun (S. catu ataka) ca Thnh Thin (S. ryadeva), ch cn bn Tng ng;

Trung qun lun tng (S. madhyamaka-stra-stuti).

T Tch Thin (C., S. ntideva, th k th 8)

1. (i tha) Tp B Tt hc lun (S. ik samuccaya) Nhp b- hnh lun (S. bodhicaryvatra);

2. Tp kinh lun (S. strasamuccaya) tht truyn (theo Thnh Nghim thc dch ra Hn ng di tn i tha tht yu ngha lun);

3. Phin dch danh ngha i tp (C., S. mahvyutpatti).


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[10] Xin gii thch thm, y, bi vit dng ch Tng Hp v l do: 1. Khimi tu th phi nghe hc , mi c th to hiu bit (qu trnh tu "vn"), 2. T mi thin nh phn tch thu hiu (qu trnh tu "t") 3. T mithin nh thm nhp vo (qu trnh tu "tu"), giai on tng hp v vindung, t an vui tch tnh.

Do m dng ch tng hp (l ni v giai on sau khi thin nh phntch), nng theo thin ch thm nhp vo, ni n s chuyn i ci nhnca giai on phn tch, t m t vo tm trng tng hp v "vin dung".

[11] S. Nagarjuna, Mula-Madhyamika-Karika.

[12] E. I and mine.

[13] Hy tham kho thm v ti: Mi Hai Cng Hnh ca c PhtThch Ca Mu Ni.

[14] A Hm (S. Agama) dch l Php quy hay V t php, bao gm 4 b: 1.Trng A Hm (S. Dirghagama), 2. Trung A Hm (S. Madhyamagama), 3.Tp A Hm (S. Samyukta-agama) v 4. Tng Nht A Hm (S. Ekottara-agama).

Trng B Kinh (S. Nikya) gm 5 quyn: 1. Trng b kinh (S. Dgha-Nikya), 2. Trung b kinh (S. Majhima-Nikya), 3. Tng ng b kinh (S.

Samyutta-Nikya), 4. Tng chi b kinh (S. Angttara-Nikya), 5. Tiu bkinh (S. Khuddaka-Nikya).

[15] Bt-nh-ba-la-mt-a kinh (S. Prajpramit stra), Bt-nh-ba-la-mt-a tm kinh (S. Prajpramit-h daya-stra), Bt thin tng bt-nh (S. A ashasrik stra), cng c gi l Tiu phm bt-nh, i phm

bt-nh kinh (S. Pacavi atishasrik stra), Kim cng bt-nh-ba-la-mt-a kinh (S. Vajracchedikprajpramit stra).

[16] Gii Thm Mt Kinh (S. Samdhinirmocana sutra), Hoa Nghim Kinh

(S. Avatamsaka sutra) Nh Lai Tng Kinh (S. Tathagatagarbha sutra), iBt Nit Bn Kinh (S. Mahparinirv a Stra).

[17] Quyn gio l nhng gio php s dng phng tin, gi lp, tm dng,khng thc, dn dt chng sinh vo o, cha phi l thng ngha gio.Tht gio l nhng gio php ti hu, rt ro, bn chc, ng cho mi thi,mi lc, l thng ngha gio.


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chng phi sng; ri nay th nhp chn yn vui tch tnh, li thy ni l ni,thy sng l sng."

[28] Nagarjuna (150-250), t Long Th vi bin ti v ngi chuyn s dngQuy Mu Lun Chng, (L. Reductio ad absurdum) ph t hin chnh.

[29] Tham kho ti liu c t Lai Lt Ma ging ti Nantes, Php quc:Cn Bn Trung Qun Lun Tng (Mulamadhyamika-karika - Dbu ma rtsa

ba'i shes rab), bn dch Vit ng do Sonam Nyima Chn Gic v DiuHnh Giao Trinh, bn Anh ng ca dch gi Wulstan Fletcher. Xin xem trnmng: http://www.quangduc.com/mattong/305canbantrungluan.html

[30] c tc l t qu v hng tc l t hng, l tm bc Hin Thnhtrong Thanh vn.

T qu gm: qu Tu hon, qu Tu hm, qu A na hm, qu A la hn.

T hng gm: Tu hon hng, Tu hm hng, A na hm hng, A lahn hng.

[31] nht ngha .

[32] Ngha l tt c mi s vt. Nguyn cu Hn Vit l: D hu khngngha c, nht thit php c thnh.

[33] S. Prattya-samutpda.

[34] S. Snyat.

[35] S. Updya-prajnapti.

[36] S. Madhyam-pratipat

[37] C.; S. Kumrajva; dch ngha l ng Th (344-413), l mtdch gi Pht hc ni ting, chuyn dch kinh sch t ting Phn sang tingHn.

[38] Tham kho: L Cng Dng c Bn S The Guru Puja SonamNyima Chn Gic v Diu Hnh dch. Bm vo mng sau y thnh:

http://www.vietnalanda.org/Flyers/Le_Cung_Duong_Duc_Bon_Su_Flyer_LBui_Book%20order_2008.pdf.


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[39] T S Th, E. Guru Tree, t ng ny dch khng c chun cho lm,nhng c dng theo thi quen. Ch nguyn gc Ty Tng l TsogShing, tsog ngha l cng c, cn ch shing ngha in a. Nh vyCng c in l t ng dch chnh xc ca hnh v cy tng chi ca chT S trong truyn tha Tng Mt.

[40] Sd Liberation in the Palm of Your Hand, Pabongka Rinpoche, GiiThot Trong Lng Tay, trang 300, ni s Thch N Tr Hi dch.

[41] Tri Kin Thm Diu (E. Profound View) l truyn tha ca dng iTr Vn Th S Li, truyn xung qua T Long Th (S. Nagajuna). CnHnh Tr Qung i (E. Vast and Extensive Deeds) l l truyn tha cadng i Bi t B Tt Di Lc, truyn xung qua T V Trc (S. Asanga).

[42] Lc Bo Trang ca n , cng gi l Lc i Php Vng bao gm:Long Th (S. Ngrjuna), Thnh Thin (S. ryadeva), V Trc (S.Asanga), Th Thn (S. Vasubandhu), Trn Na (S. Dignaga), v Php Xng(S. Dharmakirti). Truyn tha ny i xung sau na n T Nguyt Xng ,S.Candrakrti (600-650).

[43] Ph nh, E. Negations, nh l bt bt trong Trung Qun Lun.

[44] The Prasa gika approach limits oneself to the use of non-affirming negations.

[45] Tam on lun, E. syllogism, gm ba phn Tin , Trung v Ktlun, th d nh: 1. Tin : mi ngi u phi cht, 2. Trung : anh A lngi, 3. Kt lun: anh A phi cht.

[46] The Svatantrika, however, may use affirming negations whendiscussing the ultimate, e.g. "It follows that the subject, all things, are notultimately produced because they are dependently arisen" which negatesultimate production but also implies that they may be produced in aconventional sense or view.

[47] The "Rangtong" view of Prasangika Madhyamaka holds that allphenomena are unequivocally empty of self-nature, without positinganything beyond that. Tham kho: http://www.yogacara.net/Shentong.

[48] "Que ct kh" (Cn th quyt, C., l mt cng n Thin). Mttng s hi t Vn Mn: "Pht l g?" T p: "Que ct kh".


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"Cy bch trc sn" (nh tin bch th t, C. l mt cng nThin khc). Khi c ngi hi Nh h th T S ty lai ? ( ngha tiyu ca vic T S qua Trung Hoa l g ?), S Triu Chu tr li: "Cy bch trc sn".

[49] Shentong (Empty of What is Other) view, also sometimes called"Yogacara Madhyamaka," is a philosophical sub-school found in TibetanBuddhism, holding that the nature of mind is "empty of other" (i.e., empty ofall qualities other than an inherent, ineffable nature). According to Shentong,the emptiness of ultimate reality should not be characterized in the same wayas the emptiness of apparent phenomenon.

Tham kho: http://www.yogacara.net/rangtong.

[50] Tham kho bi Duyn Khi do Sonam Nyima Chn Gic dch tnguyn bn Anh ng, Dependant Arising Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness theDalai Lama, London, 1984, dch bi Jeffrey Hopkins.

[51] Tha-Tnh-Khng, t. Shen-Tong, e. other-emptinness, i vi li TTnh Khng, t. Rang-Tong, e. Self-emptiness.

[52] Cng cn gi l ln chuyn php lun gia v c Pht c ba kchuyn php lun.

[53] Trch t "Nhp Trung Qun Lun" (S. Madhyamika-avatara) ca TNguyt Xng.

[54] T. Tendrel Todpa Zhug So, E. Tsongkhapa's Praise on DependentOrigination. Bn dch Anh ng ca Geshe Thupten Jinpa, bn dch Vit ngca Sonam Nyima Chn Gic v Diu Hnh Giao Trinh. Tham kho ti liuti: http://www.quangduc.com/mattong/44ketanduyenkhoi.html

(http://www.phusa.info/)

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Tanh Khong Tong Hop Tam Thua Phat Giao - Khong Quan

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