Tajweed lessons-points ofarticulation-english

TAJWEED

Al-Mahdi Islamic Center London - Ontario Saffar 1433

January 2012

Definition of Tajweed

By linguistic definition: Betterment

Applied definition: Articulating every letter from its articulation point and giving the letter its rights and dues of characteristics.

The Goal of Learning Tajweed

It is preserving the tongue from mistakes in pronunciation of the Glorious Qur'an during reading.

Learning Tajweed

Mistakes Done while reading holy Quran are of two kinds:

Obvious mistakes: those are done while pronouncing the letters or the signs on the letters. Almost, anyone should be able to recognize these mistakes.

Unobvious: are the ones that are done with the tajweed rules. Only those who studied tajwed are able to distinquish them.

Learning Tajweed is WAJEB on every muslim.

Teaching Tajweed is only wajeb when there is no one else doing so.

How to learn Tajweed

Its principles

The knowledge of tajweed is contingent on four matters: 1. Knowledge of the articulation points of the letters 2. Knowledge of the characteristics of the letters 3. Knowledge of the rules of tajweed (what change in the letters due to the order of letters) 4. Exercising the tongue and a lot of repetition.

The articulation point of the arabic

letters

The articulation point of a letter is the place the

letter is emitted. Using the correct articulation point

of a letter is necessary to utter the letter correctly.

The no. of articulation points in Arabic are 17

To learn the articulation point of a letter

Pronounce the letter with a Sukoon and put a hamzah

before the letter

Places of Articulation

There are five articulation areas for the Arabic letters:

1- The empty space in the mouth and throat (Al-Jowf)

2- The Throat

3- The Tongue

4- The Two Lips

5- The nasal passage

Places of Articulation

Places of Articulation and the Arabic

letters

Articulation point areas ( AL-Jawf and letter ا)

1- The empty space in the mouth and throat (AL-Jawf)

has in it one articulation point for the three lengthened (meed) letters, which are wow و, ya’ ي and an alif ا.

1.The alif preceded by a letter with a fat-hah. Note that the Arabic alif never takes a vowel (means with sukoon) and is always preceded by a fathah)

Like in: قال، مال، مالك

But not in: أقرأ. Here the first and last letters are ء not alif

Articulation point areas ( AL-Jawf and

letter و)

2. The wow with a sukoon

preceded by a letter with a

dhammah

Like in: حيهاون

Articulation point areas ( AL-Jawf and

letter ي)

3. The ya’ with a sukoon

preceded by a letter with a

kasrah

Like in: هاين وح

The articulation points of the throat (the

hamzah (ء) and the ha’ (هاء))

2- The Throat: there are three places of articulation in the throat, each place has two letters emitted from therein.

1. The deepest part of the throat

The deepest part of the throat is the furthest away from the mouth and the closest to the chest. Two letters are articulated from here. They are the hamzah (ء) and the ha’ (هاء)

The articulation points of the throat ( ع

and ح)

2. The middle part of the throat

The middle part of the throat

lies half way in between the

beginning and the end of the

throat. The two letters that

are emitted from here are: ع

and ح.

The articulation points of the throat

(خ andغ)

3. The closest part of the

throat

The closest part of the

throat is the beginning of

the throat, or the closest to

the mouth. Two letters are

articulated from this area,

they are: غand خ.

The articulation points of the tongue (ق)

3- The tongue : It has ten articulation points for eighteen letters

1. There are two letters that use the deepest part of the tongue in articulation. They are ق and .ك

ق is articulated from the deepest part of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth in the area of the soft palate.

The articulation points of the tongue

( ك)

ك is articulated from the

deepest part of the tongue

and what lies opposite to it

from the roof of the mouth

in the area of the hard

palate.

This letter is closer to the

mouth than the ق .

Areas of the tongue

Areas of the tongue used for articulation There are

four areas of the tongue used for articulation. The

deepest part, the middle, the sides, and the tip. The

following picture helps pinpoint these areas.


( ج , ش ( ي ,

2. Middle of the Tongue

Three letters use the middle of the tongue for their articulation. They are ج, ش .(without a medd) ي ,

These three letters are articulated from the middle of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth.

The ya’ here is not the medd letter ya’, which is articulated from Al-Jwaf. The medd letter ya’ is a ya’ saakinah preceded by a kasrah, NOT a fath.

The ya’ saakinah is preceded by a fath is discussed here.

Like in : علَيهم and الَريب

Middle of the Tongue

-ي - -ش - - ج -

The Teeth


(ض)

The letter ض

This letter is articulated from the one or both sides of the tongue and from the molars and the gum area next to the molars.

This letter can be articulated from one side (right or left) of the tongue alone, or from both sides of the tongue simultaneously which is more difficult.

,has the characteristic of compression of the sound ض as well as tafkheem (heaviness), so the deep part of the tongue raises up when pronouncing it and compresses the sound at the same time.

The letter ض


(ل)

The letter ل

It is articulated from front sides and the tip of the tongue, and what lies opposite to them of the gums of upper front incisors.

The articulation of this letter is then in the shape of an arc, with both sides until the tongue ends at the tip meeting up with gums of the mentioned teeth.

The articulation of the ل is an upward movement, not a forward movement like “L” is in English.

The articulation points of the tongue (ن)

Articulation points of the Tip of the Tongue and the

The letter ن

This letter is articulated from the tip of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the gum of the two front top incisors, a bit forward from the place of the letter ل on the gum.

It’s pronounced from this point only if it has a sukoon on it and is followed by one of the following six letters: ء ’This rule will be explained later, insha .،هاء، ع، ح، غ، خAllah.

The articulation points of the tongue (ن)

The articulation points of the tongue (ر)

The letter ر

This letter is emitted from the tip of the tongue with

the top of the tip and what lies opposite to it of the

gums of the two front top incisors (the palate).

The tip with the top of the tip need to strike the

gums to produce this sound correctly.

The articulation points of the tongue (ر)


(ت، دط، )

The articulation point of the ،ت، دط

These letters are pronounced from the top side of

the tip of the tongue and the gum line of the two

front upper incisors.


(ت، دط، )

-ت -د - -ط-


(س، زص، )

Articulation points of the ،سزص ،

These three letters are emitted from the tip of the tongue and the top edge of the two front lower incisors.

There is a little space left in between the tip of the tongue and the plates of the teeth when pronouncing these letters.

When these letters are emitted properly, a whistle type sound should be heard accompanying their sound.


(س، زص، )

-ز -س - -ص-


(ث، ذظ، )

Articulation point of the ،ث، ذظ

These letters are emitted from the tip of the tongue

(from the top side of the tip) and the bottom edges

of the two top front incisors.

Care should be taken to make sure the top of the

tip is really colliding or separating with the edges

of the teeth and not the plates of the teeth.


(ث، ذظ، )

-ث -ذ - -ظ-

The articulation points of the Lips (the

letter ف)

2- The Lips

The lips have two articulation points for four letters.

Articulation point of the letter ف

The articulation point of the ف is between the inside of the lower lip and the tips (or edges) of the two top front incisors.

There is a meeting of these two parts of articulation to make the correct sound of this letter.


letter ف)


letter ،و، بم )

Articulation point of the two lips ،و، بم

There are three letters that are articulated from the two lips, but they do not all three share the same mechanism in articulation.

The unlengthened و is articulated by forming a circle of the two lips without the two lips meeting completely.

The م is articulated by closing the two lips together

The letter ب is articulated by closing the two lips together, but a stronger closing than the meem.


letter ،و، بم )

ف

م

ب

و

The articulation points of the Nasal

Passage (the ghunnah ن and م)

5- The nasal passage

From the hole of nose towards the inside of the mouth, here there is one articulation point, that of the ghunnah.

The ghunnah is defined as: a nasal sound that is emitted from the nose. This is a required characteristic of the .م and ن

The ghunnah is not a letter but a characteristic of these two letters, but it has its own distinct place of articulation.

The articulation points of the Nasal

Passage (the ghunnah ن and م)

-م - -ن-

References

http://www.abouttajweed.com/

Useful videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FZRQEEdGuo&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbI6_neGiX0&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjXHMxaR-sM&feature=related



















Tajweed lessons-points ofarticulation-english

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