TajweedLiteral Meaning (لغوی معنی)

تحسین

To beautify.

Arabic Term ( معنیاصطالحي )

.ہر حرف کو اسکے مخرج سے ادا کرنا

.اسکی صفات کا حق ادا کرنا

To say every word from it’s specific Makhraj.

To give every letter it’s right In its Characteristics

too.

Ruling on Tajweed - شرعی حکم

فرض کفایہ

Obligatory on some

عینفرض

Obligatory on all.

It’s Principles:

1-Knowledge of Articulation Points.

2-Knowledge of its Characteristics.

3-Knowledge of what rules change in

the letters due to the order of the

letters.

4-Exercising the tongue and a lot of

repetition.

Manners when reading

Quran.Manners of the heart

1.Understanding the origin of the words.

2.Understanding the greatness of these

words.

3.Presence of the heart while reading.

4.Pondering the meaning.

5.Understanding the meaning.

6.Individualization.

External Manners

1.Purity.

2.Istia’zah and Basmallah.

3.Avoiding Cutting off reading.

4.Stopping and seeking refuge or Mercy

on appropriate Ayahs.

5.Humbleness and crying while reading.

Tilawat, Qira’at or Itla’

تالوة ، قرأت، اطالع

Reading Silently while looking at the Quran;

Without using the parts responsible for Speech.

without engaging Articulation points.

Is not قرأت nor تالوة

It’s اطالع

Rewards?

The reward only for tilawa and reading

(u should at least move the parts

responsible for speech like the tongue

even if u want to read silently)

Levels of Qira’t - 3Levels

التحقيق

Slowest

Best

Levels of Qira’t

التدوير

In betwee

n.

Preserving Rules of Tajweed.

Levels of Qira’t

لحدرا

Fastest

Be Careful

Istia’azah --اإلستعاذة

Saying silently:

1- When Reciting silently

2- When reciting alone, (loud or silently)

3-When about to Pray.

4- When reciting in a group and you are not the first one.

Saying out loud:

1-Reciting for others to hear.

2-Reciting in a group and you are the first one.

Frorms of Istia’za:

١ • اعوذباهللا من الشيطان الرجيم

2• اعوذباهللا السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم

3 • اعوذباهللا من الشيطان

Basmallah بسملة

1-Is it a verse in Quran?

حیم إنه من سلیمان وإنه بسم الل حمن الر الر

An-Naml [27:30]

2-Is it a verse in Surah Al-Fatiha?

Rules for Basmallah.

1- Necessary to read in the beginning

of every Surah except Sura Al-

Tawbah.

2-In the middle of Surah you have

choice.

Ways to say االستعاذة and

بسملة

4

قطعالجميع

وصل البسملة با لسورة

وصلالجميع

وصل االستعاذة البسملة

Separate All الجمیع قطع

االستعاذة سورةبسملة

Join All وصل الجمیع

االستعاذة سورةبسملة

Join Basmallah with Surah.

وصل البسملة با لسورة

االستعاذة سورةبسملة

Join Istia’azah with Basmallah.

وصل االستعاذة البسملة

االستعاذة سورةبسملة

Basmallah between Surahs.

البسملة بین السورتین Imam Hafs bin Al- Asam. إمام حفص بن

Always reads Basmallahالعاصم

between 2 Surahs except between

and التوبة.

There are 4 ways of finishing one

Surah and and continuing on to the

next.

3 Valid ways and 1 Invalid.

3 Valid ways:

1

• Separate All.

• قطع كل

2

• Join All.

• وصل كل

3

• Join Basmallah with beginning of surah.

• وصل ألبسملة بأول سورة

Separate All قطع كل

سورة سورةبسملة

Join All وصل كل

سورة سورةبسملة

Join Basmallah with the

begening of Surah. وصل البسملة بأول سورة

سورة سورةبسملة

Not allowed.

Join Basmallah with the end of

Surah. وصل البسملة بآخر سورة

سورة سورةبسملة

اللحن Mistakes and Deviation from

correctness when reading Quran.

Two Kinds:

1

• لحن جلي ظاهر

• Obvious and Clear mistakes.

2

• لحن خفي مستتر

• Obscured and hidden mistakes.

لحن جلي ظاهر

Easy to point out.

Mistakes in the pronounciation even if it changes the meaning or not.

Occurs in the makeup of words, letters or in vowels.

Ex:

Reading ق as ك

Reading Kasra as Fatha.

Dropping حروف المد (قل–قال )

لحن خفي مستتر

Mistake in pronunciation.

Pierces the reading.

Not a mistake in meaning, Arabic language or Grammar.

Two kinds:

1-recognised by those knowledgeable in reading Quran.

eg: Leaving out Idgham.

2-Only known by very skilled readers of Quran.

eg: Unwanted repetition تكرار of را

Letters

• Harkaat

حركات

• Makharij

مخارج• Sifaat

صفات

SHORT VOWELS (1 count)

• Fatha

• ـ فتح

• Damma

• ضمـة

• Kasra

• ـ

كسرة

LONG VOWELS (2 counts)

Symbol Example Sound

ا - ملك الن ا

aa

ي - ي الذ ee

و _لد و ولم ی

oo

Other Symbols

Symbol Name Example

- Sukoonولم

-Shudda

شر ومن

ر + شر

The Definite Article أل

Sun Letters

حروف شمسیة

Moon Letters

حروف قمریة

The Sun Letters

حروف شمسیة

ت ث د ذ ر ز

س ش ص ض

ظ ل ن ط

14

Tip:

They carry

Shadda

Moon Letters

حروف قمریة

14أ ب ج

ح خ ع

غ ف ق

ك م وه

ي

حروف شمسیة + أل

the letter laam of the is ignoredال

the sun letter carries a shaddah

Example

لشمسا = شمس +أل

If you want to join the preceding word onto the word, then you ignoreالthe completelyال

Example:

والتین = التین+ و

حروف قمریة + أل

the is pronouncedال

Example:

لقمر ا= قمر + ال If you want to join the preceding word

onto the word, you only ignore theال

letter alif of the ال

Example:

غيرالمغضوب

The articulation Point. مخرج

مخرج المحقق

Specific

Throat, tongue, two lips

مخرج المقدر

Approximate

*No specific place

*Empty space in the mouth and

throat.

Articulation Points of letters.

5 Major Areas--- 17 Articulation points.

الجوف -1 :Empty space in the mouth and

throat.

2- الحلق : The Throat.

3- .The Tongue :اللسان

.the two Lips :الشفتان-4

.The Nasal passage :الخيشوم-5

Areas of Articulation.

الجوف

One Articulation Point (مخرج)-- Non

specific.

Three Lengthened Letters.

الجوف

ا

يو

حروف المد (Lengthened

letters)1-األلف المديه

The أ with sukoon preceded by a

letter with a fatha.

ا األلف المديه

حروف المد (Lengthened

letters)2-الواوالمديه

The و with sukoon preceded by a letter

with a Dammah.

و الواو المديه

حروف المد (Lengthened

letters)-الياء المديه 3

The ي with sukoon preceded by a

letter with a Kasra.

ي الياء المديه

Points to remember:

These letters finish with the stopping

of sound ---No specific space.

The sound will stop when you cut off

the air.

Nothing should come from Nose

(Nasal sound) or throat ( ha or hamza)

at the end.

Huroof al Maad are gathered together

in the word:

نوحيها

Mistakes

Should not put a Hamza ه orء at the

end.

Should not be recited with nose ie

there should not be a nasal sound with

them.

The Throat الحلق

3 Articulation point 6 letters.

1. أقصي الحلق Deepest part of the Throat.(Farthest from the mouth, closest from the chest.)

2. .Middle of the throatوسط الحلق

3. .Closest part of the Throatأدني الحلق(Closest to the mouth)

The Throat Letters ألحروف

الحلقیه

أقصي الحلق

• ء

• ه

وسط الحلق

• ع

• ح

أدني حلق

• غ

• خ

The Throat Letters ألحروف

الحلقیه

Anatomy

خ –غ

the back portion of tongue touches the

roof of mouth (soft palate).

Tip: it is the same part like if

something itchy in your throat you try

to remove it or do gargling, it is the

correct place to pronounce it.

Mistakes خ-غ

When pronouncing خ the most

common mistake we do is that we

read it softly or pronounce as (ك).

When pronouncing غ many people

simulate it with the letter (گ) which is

wrong غ is pronounced from the top

part of throat it is the same part like if

something itchy you try to remove it or

do gargling it is the correct place to

pronounce it.

ح -ع

Move the back of the tongue towards the throat wall to constrict the wind pipe.

ح: wind pipe partially closed in order to let the air rush through it.

Tip: Think you are cleaning a pair of glasses with the moist (air) of your throat try to squeeze your throat from the middle that is the part where you have to pronounce this letter.

ع : The wind pipe is almost closed completely. it has more of rolling sound.

It’s like when you go to a doctor and he says open your mouth to say AA that is the starting part and we add (yen) to it like AAYEN,

Mistakes

Reading ح like هyou are not

constricting your throat while

pronouncing ح

Reading عlike ء or ا Rolling or twist

is missing.

ه-ء

They are pronounced from the area of the throat where the Vocal cords are located.

Hamza has more constricted sound and haaflows freely from the chest.

Closing the wind pipe and opening it produces Hamza.

Opening the wind pipe and releasing air produces Haa.

The tongue remains stable for both letters.

Mistakes:

we pronounce the (ه) either from the middle or from the upper part of throat which is wrong it is more towards the chest.

practice pronouncing letters by

placing a sukoon in front of the

letter.

أقصي الحلق

• إء

• إه

وسط الحلق

• إع

• إح

أدني حلق

• إغ

• إخ

The Tongue الل سان

Many letters come from the mouth:

that is the tongue and its connection

with the different areas of the teeth

and mouth.

10 Articulation Points distributed over

4 Areas for 18 Letters.

The Tongue الل سان

الل سان

أقصي اللسانDeepest

part

وسط اللسانMiddle

Part

حافة اللسانEdge or

Side

طرف اللسان Tip

The Tongue الل سان

The Tongue الل سان

الل سان

طرف اللسان

ط د ت ظ ذ ث ص ز ر

حافة اللسان

ض ل

وسط اللسان

ج ش ي

أقصي اللسان

ق ك

ن

Deepest Part of the Tongue.

أقصي اللسانق ق is pronounced by the deepest

part of the tongue touching (what lies opposite to it) the upper soft palate to create a thick sound in the tonsils vicinity, with a round sound.

The tongue is elevated towards the roof of the mouth.

ق is produced with heaviness.

Mistakes.

There are two mistakes in articulating

this when reciting the Qur’an. Usually

it is a problem in the articulation point.

1. ق is articulated on the hard palate or

close to it, so it ends up sounding

like an English “k”

2. ق is pronounced not from the tongue,

but from the throat, and the resultant

incorrect sound is a cross between ق

and ع

ك

The innermost part of the tongue,

towards the mouth, with what

corresponds to it from the upper

palate producesnKaaf ك

This area is slightly closer to the

mouth than throat.

Kaaf is produced with lightness or

lowering of the tongue towards the

‘floor’ of the the mouth after the sound

is produced.

Mistakes.

ك is often mispronounced at an

articulation point further back in the

mouth than the correct articulation

point resulting in a ق Sound.

Middle of Tongue وسط اللسان

The middle of the tongue - this single makhraj covers 3 letters: ي –ش -ج

( غیرالمدیة)

These are all pronounced when the middle part of the tongue comes in contact with what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth.

These Letters are Called الحروف الشجریة, because they are articulated from the center of the mouth or the middle of the mouth.

Middle of Tongue

وسط اللسان

ي

ش

ج

Teeth and their Names

Before discussing rest of the articulation points of the tongue, it is important to know the order of the teeth and their names to understand where each letter is being articulated.

Normally we have 32 teeth divided as follows:

1. Incisors نایا الث

2. Lateral Incisors رباعیة

3. Canine ناب

4. First Premolars ضاحك

5. Second Premolars طواحین

6. Wisdom Tooth ناجذ

Teeth and their Names

ج

ج has a hard sound as if it has د mixed

into it.

Raising the tongue against the hard

pallet produces ج.

Mistake

Saying ج soft as if a ي is mixed into it.

To correct that mistake:

Raise your tongue to the top of your

mouth.

Let the middle of the tongue go to the

middle of the roof of the mouth.

The tongue should not go low.

ش

Raising the tongue towards the hard

pallet produces the ش

Its Sound spreads through out the

mouth after you bring it through the

middle of the tongue.

Air keeps running, until you stop it.

ي

It is important to note that the ي being referred to is not the ;ي المدیة which means it is the ي with a:

fat-ha یفقهون Dammah یوقنون Kasra یدى للا Sukoon علیه Raising the tongue to the roof of the

mouth produces ي

Mistakes of ي

Common mistake is putting a ج in it, or

mixing it with a ش

The side of the Tongue حافة

اللسان2 Articulation Points for 2 Letters ض

and ل.

حافة اللسان

ل ض

ض

ض Comes purely from the sides of the tongue and what lies opposite to it from the Upper Molars.

The rear side of the tongue touches the upper back teeth (upper molars) in either one of 3 ways :

1. from the right side

2. from the left side Easiest

3. from both sides Hardest.

While pronouncing this letter, the deep part of the tongue is raised. This is because it has heaviness and compression of sound.

Tips: ض

1. Keep the Tongue straight/ flat it

should not Curl up or down.

2. The back of the tongue should be

stuck to the roof of the mouth until it

compresses the sound and bring

heaviness to it.

3. Press the posterior two third of the

left side of the tongue against upper

left Molars and Gums.

ض

Mistakes

Sticking the tongue between the teeth

and bringing ر sound.

Making it sound like a heavy د.

Reading ض as ط. It might be a mixture

of ط

and د or a ط and ض.

ل

Widest Makhraj of all.

One third of the anterior two sides of the tongue .

Its articulation is an upward movement in the shape of an arc.

The tip of the tongue should end up meeting with the gums of the top pair of incisors, lateral incisors, canines and premolars. However, the top of the tongue should not touch this gum area.

ل

Mistakes

Using only the tip of the tongue and

not the sides and using the underside

along with the front teeth plates.

As a result, the sound produced is

more like a noon or close to the

English letter “L”, respectively.