Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th February 2008) of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the following books:1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil]2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English]3. ساعدلا ديبع تزع ديوجتلا نف , , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]

We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.

Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.comContact Address:M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,24-E, Mohideen Street,Kayalpatnam – 628 204.Tamil Nadu. INDIA.

TAJWEED RULES

PREFACE

1

ديوجتلا ماكحأRULES OF TAJWEED

فقولا ماكحأRULES OFSTOPPING

طبضلا تامالعPUNCTUATION

MARKS

ءادتبالاو فقولاSTOPPING AND

INITIATION

يفاحلا فورحلاMOLARTONGUE

ةيرجشلا فورحلاPALATAL

CONSONANTS

نايوهللا نافرحلاUVULAR

CONSONANTS

ةيقلحلا فورحلاPHARYNGEAL

(THROAT) CONSONANTS

موشيخلاNASAL CAVITY

(NASALIZATION)

ةيوفشلا فورحلاLABIAL (LIP)

CONSONANTS

ةيلسألا فورحلاINTER-DENTAL

ةيوثللا فورحلاALVEO-DENTAL

ةيعطنلا فورحلاDENTAL

CONSONANTS

ةيقلذلا فورحلاALVEOLAR

CONSONANTS

فورحلا جراخمPLACES OF ARTICULATION

دملا ماكحأRULES OF MADD

ماغدإلا ماكحأASSIMILATION

ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF RAA

ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES OF LAAM

ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES OF MEEM

SAKINAH

ماكحأ نونلا ةنكاسلا نيونتلاوNOON SAKINAH AND

TANWEEN

نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأMUSHADDAD NOON

AND MEEM

ةلقلقلاQALQALAH

فورحلا ماكحأRULES OFLETTERS

2

فورحلا ماكحأTHE RULES OF LETTERS

دملا ماكحأRULES OF

MADD

ماغدإلا ماكحأRULES OF

ASSIMILATION

ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF RAA

ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES OF

LAAM

نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأRULES OF

MUSHADDAD NOONAND MEEM

ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES OF MEEM

SAKINAH

ةلقلقلاRULES OF

QALQALAH

نيونتلاو ةنكاسلا نونلا ماكحأRULES OF NOON

SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

يلصالا دملاNATURAL MADD

يعرفلا دملاDERIVED MADD

نيلثامتملاIDENTICAL

LETTERS

نيسناجتملاSAME PLACE OFARTICULATION

نيبراقتملاCLOSE PLACE OFARTICULATION

يوفشلا راهظإلاITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

يوفشلا ماغدإلاIDGHAAM SHAFAWI

يوفشلا ءافخإلاIKHFAA SHAFAWI

راهظإلاITH-HAAR

ماغدإلاIDGHAAM

ءافخإلاIKHFAA

بالقإلاIQLAAB

ةلالجلا ظفل مالLAAM JALALAH

فيرعتلا مالLAAM TA'RIF

ةيرمقلا مالLAAM

QAMARIYYAH

ةيسمشلا مالLAAM

SHAMSIYYAH

لعفلا مالLAAM OF

VERB

فورحلا ماكحأTHE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]

3

WAYS TO START RECITINGSURAHS

PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE

READ ذوعتلا ةلمسبلا , AND ةروسلا SEPARATELY

READ ذوعتلا ةلمسبلا , AND ةروسلا JOINTLY

READ وعتلاذ ةلمسبلا , JOINTLY AND ةروسلا

SEPARATELY

READ ذوعتلا SEPARATELY. THEN ةلمسبلا AND ةروسلا

JOINTLY

WAYS OF RECITING SURAHSCONTINUOUSLY

PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE

READ CURRENT ةروسلا ,ةلمسبلا AND NEXT ةروسلا

SEPARATELY

READ CURRENT ةروسلاSEPARATELY. THEN ةلمسبلاAND NEXT ةروسلا JOINTLY

READ CURRENT ةروسلا ,ةلمسبلا AND NEXT ةروسلا

JOINTLY

WAY NOTPERMITTED TO

RECITE

READ CURRENT ةروسلا , ةلمسبلا JOINTLY AND NEXT ةروسلا

SEPARATELY

4

غفور رحيم , من لدنك

ـ ـ ـ , ن

NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

ماغدإلاIDGHAAM

بالقإلاIQLAAB

ءافخإلاIKHFAA

راهظإلاITH-HAAR

(READ CLEARLY)

ء ه ح خ ع غ

ةنغ عم(With Stress)

ي و م ن

(Assimilation of one letter into another)

ي ر م ل و ن

(CONVERT ن OR TANWEEN TO م)

ب

(USE NOSE)

ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ فق ك

ةنغ نودب(Without Stress)

ر ل

نيونتلاو ةنكاسلا نونلا ماكحأRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

مات ماغدإOR صقان ماغدإلماك ماغدإ

نوأني , نيمأ لوسر نولهجت موق , اولعفت نل اريصب اريبخ , دعب نم

بعلو اوزه , لاو نم ميحر روفغ , كندل نم

Exceptions in Idghaam:1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [ سي and ن ]

ميكحلا نأرقلاو سينورطسي امو ملقلاو ن

2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the wordsقار نم ليقو

3. If و OR ي appears in same word after ن , Read clearly ( راهظإ ) ناونق ايند 5

مMEEM SAKINAH

يوفش ماغدإIDGHAAM SHAFAWI

يوفش ءافخإIKHFAA SHAFAWI

يوفش راهظإITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

(READ CLEARLY)

OTHER LETTERS EXCEPT م & ب

ةنغ عم(With Stress)

م

(USE NOSE, WITH STRESS)

ب

ةنكاسلا ميملا فرح ماكحأRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH

رت ملأ مهب مهبر هللا ملك نم مهنم

نيتددشملا نونلاو ميملا ماكحأRULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON

AND MEEM

READ ن AND م WITH STRESS, EVEN WHILE STOPPING

For Noon Shaddah: ناج , سانلاو ةنجلا نم

For Meem Shaddah: مث , ملا6

RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITH SUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND

ةلقلقلاQALQALAH

دج بطق

ىرغص[WEAK ECHO]

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS

IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD

ىربك[STRONG ECHO]

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN

APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORD AND WHEN WE STOP AT IT

رادقم قاثيم

7

ماكحأ ماغدإلاRULES OF IDGHAAM

ماغدإIDGHAAM

IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED BY - OR - OR -

نيلثامتمMUTAMAATHILAIN

نيبراقتمMUTAQARIBAIN

نيسناجتمMUTAJANISAIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE SAME

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH SAME ORIGIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN

ابضاغم بهذ ذإ بر لق وملظ ذإ

Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger1. If both identical letters are with harakah

مهعمسب بهذ

2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ و and ي ]ىراصنلاو اوداه

3. If there is a sakta between two identical lettersكله هيلام

If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ي or وpreceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete

merger without nasalization

اوناكو اوصع امب is pronounced as مبع اصوناكوا

8

ءارلا ماكحأRULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR

ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT

ءارلا ماكحأRULES OF 'RAA'

ميخفتSTRONG

قيقرتSOFT

BOTH TYPESTRONG &

SOFT

1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN OR DHAMMATAIN [ ر ر ر ر ]2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر ر ر ]3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHER WITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ر ـ ر ـ , ]4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH [ ر ـ ـ ر ـ ـ , ]5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OF THESE CHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ءالعتسإلا فورح CALLED AS (ق6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TEMPORARY KASRAH [ را ]

1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ر , ر ]

2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر , ]

3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH KASRAH [ ر ـ ]

4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH KASRAH [ ر ـ ـ ]

5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS يWITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH [ ي ـ ر ]6. THE WORD اهرجم

قرف .1 -- PREFER SOFT

رطقلا .2 -- PREFER SOFT

رصم .3 -- PREFER STRONG

قرب , رس , انبر

ىضترا , ةقرف , ردقلا , رسعلا

يرد , لاجر

ريخ , رجح , رذنا9

ماللا فرح ماكحأRULES FOR READING LAAM

ةلالجلا ظفل مالLAAM IN THE WORD هللا

ميخفتSTRONG

هللا ـ OR هللا ـ

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH APPEARS BEFORE هللا

قيقرتSOFT

هللا ـ

IF KASRAH APPEARS BEFORE هللا

LAAM IN WORDS OTHER THAN هللا

قيقرتSOFT

ةيسمشلا مالLAAM SHAMSIYYAH

LAAM IS NOT PRONOUNCED

ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م و ه ي تء ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن

ةيرمقلا مالLAAM QAMARIYYAH

LAAM IS PRONOUNCED

هللا دارأ, هللا هعفر هللا دمحلا , هللا مسب

هلك , مهلوام

روطلاو ريصبلا

فيرعتلا مالLAAM TA'RIF

READING LAAM WITH OTHER CHARACTERS

لعفلا مالLAAM OF VERB

Pronounced as راهظإ , if at the beginning or middle of

the verb

Pronounced as ماغدإ , if followed by raa or laam

اتقتلا نيتئف

انلعج , انلق

هعفر لب is pronounced as هعفرب

Exception: No Idghaam if there is sakata

نار لب الك 10

فلألا ماكحأRULES FOR READING ALIF

READING ALIF

ميخفتSTRONG

قيقرتSOFT

IF ANYONE OF THE ءالعتسإلا فورحCHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ (ق

APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF STRONGLY

IF CHARACTERS OTHER THAN ءالعتسإلا فورح

CHARACTERS APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF

SOFTLY

ىصع ىسع

11

دملا ماكحأRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]

ا ـ , ي ـ و ـ ,

RULES OF MADD

يلصا دمNATURAL MADD

يعرف دمDERIVED MADD

1. MADD SHOULD NOT BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ـ ] OR HAMZAH [ء]2. READ AS ONE ALIF3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI' OR 'TABAYI'

MADD SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN

ـ ] ] OR HAMZAH [ء]

لصتم دمMADD MUTTASIL

لصفنم دمMADD MUNFASIL

مزال دمMADD LAAZIM

ضراع دمMADD AARIDH

1.MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN SAME WORD2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD WAJIB'

1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN DIFFERENT WORD2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD JAIZ'

1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL SUKUN]2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF

1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS ANYONE OF THREE TYPES [Refer next page]

انيتوا

ءاش اهنا اولاق Contd ...

لدب دمMADD BADAL

ضوع دمMADD IWADH

MADD LETTER IS PRECEEDED BY

HAMZAH

ALIF REPLACES FATHATAIN WHEN ONE STOPS ON IT

يتوا , ناميإ , نمآ اجاوفأ IS READ AS وفأجاا

12

دملا ماكحأRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]

مزال دمMADD LAAZIM

ضراع دمMADD AARIDH

READING IN ANYONE TYPE IS OUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]

لقثم ىملكKALIMA MUTHAQQAL

ففخم ىملكKALIMA MUKHAFFAF

لقثم ىفرحHARFI MUTHAQQAL

ففخم ىفرحHARFI MUKHAFFAF

SHADDAH APPEARS AFTER دم IN ONE WORD - دم

SUKUN APPEARS AFTER دم IN ONE WORD - دم

SHADDAH APPEARS ON دمIN ONE CHARACTER

SUKUN APPEARS ON دمIN ONE CHARACTER

رصقQASR

READ AS ONE ALIF

طسوتTAWASSUT

READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF

لوطTOOL

READ AS 5 ALIF

Exception: The word ملا in نارمع لا ةروسcan be read with or without دم

ةباد

نئلاONLY PLACE

مسط ص

CHANGE محلفون TO نوحلفم

13

دملا ماكحأ RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS

S. No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Name of Madd

لصتم بجاو دم

لصفنم زءاج دم

نوكسلل ضراع دم

لدب دم

ضوع دم

ىملك ففخم مزال دم

ىملك لقثم مزال دم

ىفرح عبشم مزال دم

ىفرح ففحم مزال دم

نيل دم

ةليوط ةلص دم

ةريصق ةلص دم

قرف دم

نيكمت دم

ىعيبط دم

Explanation

دم فورح and ء appear adjacently in one word

دم فورح and ء appear adjacently but in two words

Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping

ا is followed by ء or و or ي

Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while stopping

دم فورح is followed by sukun [ ـ ]

دم فورح is followed by saddha in one word

مكلسع صقن

رهط يح

و ـ , ي ـ

Haa Dameer (ه) is followed by ء

Haa Dameer (ه) is followed by any character other than ء

Hamzah Isthifham (أ) is followed by Shaddah

Madd (ي , و , ا) should not be followed by sukun or Hamzah

ي is followed by ي

Examples

نوحلفم is changed to نوحلفم

Elongation in Counts ( ةآرح )

2 to 5

2 to 6

2

2

6

6

6

2

2 to 6

6

6

2

2

ءآمس , ءىس , ءآج , ءاش

اهنا اولاق

نمآ , مدآ

اميلع is changed to اميلع

نآلآ is actually نآلاا

ةمآـطلا , نيلاضلا الو

صمـلا , مسط , ملا

سي , هط

فوخ is changed to فوخ

برضي نا هب

هـللا لق , نيركذلا لق

هب هنا

نييما , متييح

ليق , لوقي , لاق

First 14 Madd types are called as دم يعرف

5

2

14

نيل فورح ماكحأRULES OF HURUF LEEN

نيل فورحHURUF LEEN

و ـ ي ـ ,

مزال نيل دمMADD LEEN

LAAZIM

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TRUE SUKUN2. READ AS رصق OR طسوت OR لوط . BUT لوط IS BETTER

ضراع نيل دمMADD LEEN

AARIDH

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS رصق OR طسوت OR لوط

ينطق نونNOON QUTNI

IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER TANWEEN, THEN:

1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH

BETWEEN THEM

Exception:1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN, THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI

2. IN صالخإلا ةروس , STOPPING IS BETTER

ONLY TWO PLACESصعيهك , قسع

توم تيب ,

يذلا ن ةزمل

15

ةلصلا ماكحأRULES OF SILAH

SILAH MEANS READING هELONGATEDLY LIKE دم

ءايلاب ةلصSILAH BIL YAH

IF KASRAH COMES BEFORE ه , READ

LIKE ي OF دم

واولاب ةلصSILAH BIL WAV

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH COMES

BEFORE ه , READ LIKE وOF دم

Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON هINSTEAD OF KASRAH

هيناسنأ امو IN SURAH فهك

هللا هيلع IN SURAH حتف

Exception: SUKUN APPEARS ON ه INSTEAD OF KASRAH

هجرأ IN SURAH فارعأهقلأف IN SURAH لمن

Exception: NO ةلص BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ه BUT PART OF THE

WORD ITSELF

هقفن IN SURAH دوههكاوف IN SURAH نونمؤمهتنت مل IN SURAH ميرم

هبهعم

Exception: IF ي WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه , READ ه WITH

KASRAH BUT WITHOUT ELONGATION

هيف

BUT READ يفم ههناا WITH ELONGATION

Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT يWITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه ,

READ ه WITH DHAMMAH

هنم

GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه, THEN WE WON'T READ ELONGATEDLY

Exception: DHAMMAH OF IS NOT ELONGATED ه

مكل هضري اوركشت نإوIN SURAH رمزلا

Exception: IF مل APPEARS BEFORE لعف , THEN ي AT THE

END WILL BE REMOVED.SO, THERE IS NO

ELONGATION

يهتني مل IS READ AS هتني مل

16

ةزمهلا ماكحأRULES OF HAMZAH

RULES OF HAMZAH

لصو ةزمهHAMZAH WASL

عطق ةزمهHAMZAH QATH

1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WE ADD A HAMZAH TO IT

2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH 3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN

TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ

1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THE WORD

2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE

READ

بلطاف مهترذناء

IF لعف BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS DHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS

GIVEN TO HAMZAH

IF لعف BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS FATHAH OR KASRAH, THEN

KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH DEFINITE ARTICLE لا , THEN

FATHAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

رظنا is read as نارظتفاح is read as تفاح

لاملا is read as لاملا

يذلا is read as يذلا

IF مسا BEGINS WITH لصو ةزمه , THEN

KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

راطفنا راشتنا نبا نيتنتا

ةنبا ةارما نينثا مسا17

AMONG TWO WORDS, IF THE FIRST WORD ENDS WITH SUKUN AND THE

SECOND WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST

WORD IS A MADD LETTER, THIS MADD LETTER IS REMOVED

دمحلا اولاقو

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST

WORD IS NOT A MADD LETTER, THEN READ مOR و WITH DHAMMAH

ةللضلا ورتشا

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS ن FROM نم[ZAR], READ THE ن

WITH FATHAH

هللا نم

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT MADD AND NOT ن FROM نم

[ZAR], THEN READ THE SUKUN LETTER WITH

KASRAH

ليللا مق

EXCEPTION:هللا ملا IN نارمع لا ةروس SHOULD BE READ WITH FATHAH

18

فقولا ماكحأRULES OF STOPPING

RULES FOR ENDING A SENTENCE

CHANGE FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR KASRAH OR DHAMMATAIN OR

KASRATAIN TO SUKUN

CHANGE FATHATAIN TO ALIF CHANGE ة TO ه

NOTATIONS IN HOLY QURAN

MUST STOP

O or ه or م or طor ةكس or هفقو

MUST NOT STOP

ال

PREFERRED TO STOP

فق

PREFERRED NON-STOP

or ق or ز-ج or زىلص or لص

STOP AND NON-STOP ARE SAME

ال] or ص or جabove O or ه]

1. STOP AT ONE :. AND NOT AT ANOTHER :.2. DIFFERENT OPINION PERSISTS FOR الف

مالسلا هيلع ليربج .1 STOPPED AT جنم فقول2. PREFER STOPPING AT

نارفغ فقو3. PREFER NON-STOP AT

نارفك فقو

STOP نيعتسن AS نيعتسن

STOP ميحر بر نم AS نم رب ريحم

STOP ادحا AS دحاا STOP ةولصلا AS صلاهول

OBSERVE AS PREVIOUS SYMBOL IN THE AAYAH

ك

GENERAL RULE: 1. WE MUST STOP AT م . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.

2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN م: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY, YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR

TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.

19

ةتكس ماكحأRULES OF SAKTA

SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUT DON'T BREAK THE BREATH

اجوع IN SURAH فهك

اندقرم نم IN SURAH سي

نم ليق IN SURAH ةمايق

لب الك IN SURAH نيففطم

ACCORDING TO SOME SCHOLARS

كله هيلام IN SURAH ةقاحلا

GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA AT THE POINT OF STOPPING

20

فورحلا جراخمTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

يفاحلا فورحلاMOLAR

CONSONANT

ض

ةيرجشلا فورحلاPALATAL

CONSONANTS

ج ش ي

نايوهللا نافرحلاUVULAR

CONSONANTS

ك ق

ةيوفشلا فورحلاLABIAL (LIP)

CONSONANTS

ب ف م و

ةيلسألا فورحلاINTER-DENTAL CONSONANTS

ز س ص

ةيوثللا فورحلاALVEO-DENTAL

CONSONANTS

ث ذ ظ

ةيعطنلا فورحلاDENTAL

CONSONANTS

ت د ط

ةيقلذلا فورحلاALVEOLAR

CONSONANTS

ل ر ن

ةيقلحلا فورحلاPHARYNGEAL

(THROAT) CONSONANTS

قلحلا ىندأLOWER THROAT

خ غ

قلحلا طسوMIDDLE THROAT

ح ع

قلحلا ىصقأUPPER THROAT

ء ه

موشيخلاNASAL CAVITY

(NASALIZATION)

م ن

مفلا فوجORAL CAVITY

(VOWELS)

ا و ي

فورحلا جراخمTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

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