Tai Lieu Hoa Hoc 12

7/29/2019 Tai Lieu Hoa Hoc 12

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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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Chng 1. ESTE & LIPITA. ESTEIKHI NIM

Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este.

RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' + H2OH2SO4 ac, t

0

CTCT ca este n chc: RCOOR (R H)

CTCT chung ca este no n chc: CnH2nO2(n 2)VD: CH3COOCH2CH2CH3: propyl axetat; HCOOCH3: metyl fomat; CH2=CH-COOCH3 metylacrylat

IITNH CHT VT LC nhit si thp hn hn so vi cc axit ng phn hoc cc ancol c cng khi lng

mol phn t hoc c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Do gia cc phn t este khng to c lin kthiro vi nhau v lin kt hiro gia cc phn t este vi nc rt km.

III. TNH CHT HO HC1. Thu phn trong mi trng axit

C2H

5OH + CH

3COOHCH

3COOC

2H

5+ H

2O

H2SO4 ac, t0

c im ca phn ng: thun nghch v xy ra chm.2.Thu phn trong mi trng baz (phn ng x phng ho)

CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OHt0

c im ca phn ng:phn ng ch xy ra 1 chiu.

IV. IU CH1. Phng php chung:Bng phn ng este ho gia axit cacboxylic v ancol.

RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' + H2OH2SO4 ac, t

0

2. Phng php ring: cacboxylic v ankin

CH3COOH + CH CH CH3COOCH=CH2t0

, xtvinyl axetat

Ch : Nhn dng este:* Este lm mt mu dd Br2, c kh nng trng hp: l este khng no, chn hn:CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3* Este c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng: HCOOR* Thy phn: este X mch h, n chc:

- Sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. X c dng:H-COO-R

/ hoc R-COO-CH=CH2, R-COO-CH=CH-R

/

- Hn hp sn phm uc kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. X c dng: H-COO-CH=CH2, H-COO-CH=CH-R

/

- Sn phm sinh ra c xeton. X c dng:R-COO-C(R

/)=CH2, R-COO-C(R

/)=CH-R

//

- Sn phm c 2 mui. X cdng:R-COO-C6H5


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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B. CHT BOIKHI NIMCht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi chung l triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol

R1COO CH2CH

CH2

R2COO

R3COO [CH

3(CH

2)

16COO]

3C

3H

5: tristearoylglixerol (tristearin)

Axit bo l nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh, c th no hoc khng no(s C chn > 11) .CTCT chung ca cht bo:

C17H35COOH: axit stearic; C17H33COOH: axit oleic; C15H31COOH: axit panmitic

IITNH CHT VT L iu kin thng: L cht lng hoc cht rn.

- R1, R

2, R

3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon no th cht bo l cht rn.- R

1, R

2, R

3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon khng no th cht bo l cht lng.

III. TNH CHT HO HC

1. Phn ng thu phn

(CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3CH3[CH2]16COOH + C3H5(OH)3H+, t0

tristearin axit stearic glixerol 2. Phn ng x phng ho

(CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3CH3[CH2]16COONa + C3H5(OH)3t0

tristearin natri stearat glixerol 3. Phn ng cng hiro ca cht bo lng

(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5(long) (ran)

Ni

175 - 1900C

PHN I: BI TP NH TNHCu 1. Cng thc tng qut ca este no, n chc, mch h lA. CnH2n+2O2(n 2) B. CnH2n-2O2(n 2) C. CnH2nO2(n 1) D. CnH2nO2(n 2)

Cu 2.Mt hp cht hu c (X) c CT tng qut R-COO-R', pht biu no sau ykhngng ?A. Thy phn X trong mi trng axit c to ra RCOOHB. Thy phn X trong mi trng KOH c to ra RCOOKC. Khi R, R

/l gc cacbon no, mch h th X c CTPT l CnH2nO2(n 2)

D. X l este khi R, R/l gc cacbon hoc H

Cu 3.Vinyl fomat c iu ch bng phn ng no sau y ?A. CH3COOH + C2H2 B. HCOOH + C2H5OH

C. HCOOH + C2H2 D. HCOOH + C2H3OH

Cu 4. S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C 3H6O2 lA. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3.

Cu 5. ng vi CTPT l C4H8O2c bao nhiu cu to ch tc dng vi NaOH m khng tcdng vi Na ?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Cu 6. Phn ng no sau ykhngth iu ch c etylaxetat ?


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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A. CH3COOH + C2H5OH (H2SO4 ) B. CH3COOH + C2H5ONa

C. CH3COOH + C2H4 D. CH3COOCH=CH2 + H2

Cu 7.Cho cc cht sau: (1) CH3COOH, (2) C2H5COOH, (3) C2H5COOCH3, (4) C3H7OH. Dyno sau y xp ng th t tng dn nhit si?

A. 1, 4, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 3, 4 C. 3, 4, 1, 2 D. 3, 1, 2, 4

Cu 8. Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2ln lt

tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra lA. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 9.Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gnca X l

A. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5.

Cu 10.Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2(c mt H2SO4 long) thu c 2 snphm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gica E l:

A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat.

Cu 11. Cht X c CTPT C4H8O2, khi X tc dng vi NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thcC2H3O2Na. CTCT ca X l

A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC3H5

Cu 12.Este metyl acrilat c cng thc lA. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 13.Este vinyl axetat c cng thc lA. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 14.un nng este CH3COOCH=CH2vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thuc l

A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO.C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH.

Cu 15. un nng este CH2=CHCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thuc l

A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO.

C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH.

Cu 16. Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2sinh ra bng s mol O2phn ng. Tn gi ca este l

A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.

Cu 17. Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.

C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.

Cu 18. Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu caxetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l

A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. B. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3.

C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.

Cu 19. Thy phn este no sau y, trong sn phm sinh ra c cht cho phnng trng gng ?


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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A.CH3COOCH=CH2 B. C2H5COOCH3C. CH2=CHCOOCH3 D. CH3COOC2H5

Cu 20. Thy phn este no sau y, hn hp sn phm sinh ra u cho phn ng trng gng ?A. CH3-COO-CH=CH2 B. H-COO-CH=CHCH3

C. H-COO-CH3 D. H-COO-C(CH3)=CH2

Cu 21. un X vi dd NaOH thu c hai mui v nc. X l cht no sau y ?

A. CH3COO-CHCl-CH3 B. H3C-OOC-COO-CH3C. CH3-COO-C6H5 D. CH3-COO-CH2-C6H5

Cu 22. Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3.S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l

A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 23. Cht bo lA. tri este ca glixerol vi axit B. tri este ca axit bo vi ancol a chcC. i este ca glixerol vi axit bo D. tri este ca glixerol vi axit bo

Cu 24.Thy phn chtbo trong mi trng kim sinh ra

A. axit bo v glixerol B. x phng v ancol n chcC. x phng v glixerol D. x phng v axit bo

Cu 25.Phn ng gia cc cp cht no sau y l phn ng x phng ha?A. C3H5(OOCC17H33)3 + H2 (Ni) B. CH3COOH + NaOH

C. HCOOCH3 + NaOH D. (C15H31COO)3C3H5 + H2O (H+)

Cu 26. Khi chuyn ha du, b lng sang dng rn ta cho cht bo lng phn ng viA. NaOH B. KOH C. H2O (axit) D. H2 (Ni, t

0)

Cu 27. un hn hp glixerol, axit stearic, axit panmitic (H2SO4) c th thu c my trieste ?A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Cu 28. iu no ng khi pht biu v du thc vt v du bi trn my lA. ging nhau v thnh phn B. ging nhau v cu toC. ging nhau v trng thi D. ging nhau v ngun gc

Cu 29. ng dng no sau y khng phi ca cht bo?A. Sn xut glixerol B. Lm thc n C. Nu x phng D. Chng bnh tim mch

PHN II: BI TP NH LNG1. Tm CT este theo phn ng x phng ha

Cu 30. Thy phn hon ton 12 gam este cn 11,2 (g) KOH. CTPT ca este lA. C3H8O2 B. C2H4O2 C. C3H6O2 D. C4H8O2

Cu 31. Este X c dX/ H2 = 37. X c to thnh t axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol metylic.CT ca X l

A. HCOOCH3 B. CH3COOCH3 C. C2H5COOCH3 D. C2H3COOCH3

Cu 32. Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai chthu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H 2l 16. X c cng thc l

A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3

Cu 33. Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dchNaOH 1,3M (va ) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat

*Cht rn khan c th c baz d

Cu 34.Cho 4,4 gam etyl axetat tc dng ht vi 100 ml dd NaOH 2M. Sau khi phn ng xy rahon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l

A. 4,28 g B. 5,2 g C. 10,1 g D. 4,1 g

Cu 35. Cho 8,8 gam etyl axetat tc dng vi 200 ml dd NaOH 0,2M. C cn dung dch sau phnng thu c cht rn c khi lng l

A. 8,56 g B. 3,28 g C. 10,4 g D. 8,2 g

Cu 36. Cho 12,9 gam este X c CTPT C4H6O2vo 150 ml dd NaOH 1,25M thu c 13,8 gamcht rn khan. X l

A. metyl acrylat B. vinyl axetat C. vinyl acrylat D. alyl axetat

*Hn hp cc este ng phn

Cu 37. X phng ha 26,4 gam hn hp hai este CH3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOCH3cn dng khilng NaOH nguyn cht l

A. 8 g B. 12 g C. 16 g D. 20 g

Cu 38. X phng ho 22,2g hn hp hai este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3bng dung dchNaOH va , cc mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho c sy n khan v cn c 21,8g. T lgia nHCOONa : nCH3COONa l

A. 3 : 4 B. 1 : 1 C. 1 : 2 D. 2 : 1

Cu 39. X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l

A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.

Cu 40.Hai este n chc X, Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi x phng ha hon ton 1,85 gam Xcn va vi 250 ml dd NaOH 0,1M. CTCT thu gnca X, Y l

A. HCOOC2H5, CH3COOCH3 B. C2H3COOC2H5, C2H5COOC2H3C. HCOOC3H7, CH3COOC2H5 D. C2H5COOCH3, HCOOCH(CH3)2

2. Ton t chy este

Cu 41. t chy hon ton mt este X no, n chc mch h thu c 2,7g H2O th th tch CO2sinh ra o ktc l

A. 4,48 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 5,6 lit

Cu 42. t chy hon ton 5,1 gam mt este X cn va 7,28 lit O2 (ktc). CTPT ca X lA. C3H6O2 B. C2H4O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2

Cu 43. t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c n chc X ch thu c 4,48 lit CO 2ktc v3,6 gam H2O. Nu cho 4,4 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng honton thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit Y v mt cht hu c Z. Vy X l

A. iso- propyl axetat B. etyl axetat C. etyl propionat D. metyl propionat

Cu 44. Thy phn hon ton E trong mi trng axit to nn 2 hp cht X, Y. Nu t chyhon ton cng s mol X, Y s thu c th tch CO2nh nhau cng k t

0, p. CT ca E lA. CH3COOCH3 B. HCOOC2H5 C. HCOOCH3 D. C2H5COOCH3

3. Tm hiu sut phnng este ha


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Cu 45. Cho 45 gam CH3COOH tc dng vi 69 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 ) to 41,25 gam etylaxetat. Hiu sut phn ng este ha l

A. 62,5% B. 62,0% C. 30,0% D. 65,0%

Cu 46. Cho dung dch X cha 1mol CH3COOH tc dng vi 0,8 mol C2H5OH, hiu sut t80%. Khi lng este thu c l

A. 65,32 g B. 88 g C. 70,4 g D. 56,32 g

Cu 47. Hn hp X gm HCOOH, CH3COOH trn theo t l mol 1: 1. Ly 10,6 gam hn hp Xtc dng vi 11,5 g C2H5OH (H2SO4) thu c m g este (H=80 %). Gi tr ca m lA. 12,96 g B. 13,96 g C. 14,08 g D. 11,96 g

4. Bi tp v cht bo

Cu 48. X phng ha mt loi cht bo trung tnh cn 12 gam NaOH. Khi lng glixerol thuc l

A. 18,4 g B. 9,4 g C. 9,2 g D. 4,6 g

Cu 49.X phng ha 78,2 gam cht bo trung tnh cn 12 gam NaOH. Khi lng x phng60% thu c l

A. 81 g B. 9,2 g C. 135 g D. 48,6 g

Cu 50. Th tch kh H2 ktc cn hiro ha hon ton 884 kg triolein (trioleoyl glixerol) l A. 44,8 m

3B. 67,2 lit C. 22,4 m

3D. 67,2 m

3

Cu 51. Khi lng triolein cn sn xut 5 tn tristearin lA. 4966,292 kg B. 49600 kg C. 49,66 kg D. 496,63 kg

Cu 52. Thy phn hon ton mt loi cht bo trung tnh cn va 12 gam NaOH, ta thu c91,2 gam mui khan. CTCT ca cht bo l

A. (C15H31COO)3C3H5 B. C3H5(OCOC17H33)3

C. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 D. C3H5(C17H33COO)3

Cu 53. X phng ha hon ton mt loi cht bo trung tnh cn 0,3 mol NaOH thu c 0,1mol glixerol v hn hp hai mui C17H33COONa v C15H31COONa c khi lng hn km nhau33 gam. Cht bo cha :

A. 3 gc C17H33COO B. 3 gc C15H31COOC. 2 gc C17H33COO D. 2 gc C15H31COO


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Chng 2. CACBOHRAT

PHN 1. TM TT L THUYTCacbohidrat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v thng c CTC : Cn(H2O)mCacbohidrat chia lm 3 nhm ch yu :+ Monosaccarit l nhm khng b thy phn. Vd: glucoz, fuctoz+ isaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn mi phn t sinh ra 2 phn t monosaccarit. Vd :

saccaroz, mantoz+ Polisaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn n cng mi phn t sinh ra nhiu phn t

monosaccarit. Vd : tinh bt, xenluloz.

A. GLUCOZI - L TNH: Trong mu ngi c nng glucoz khng i khong 0,1% .

II - CU TO:Glucoz c CTPT : C6H12O6Glucoz c CTCT : CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH=O hoc CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO.

- Glucoz l hp cht tp chc- Trong thc t glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng: dng -glucoz v - glucoz

III - HA TNH: Glucoz c tnh cht andehit v ancol a chc (poliancol).1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chca/ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: nhit thng to phc ng glucoz (dd mu xanh lam-

nhn bit glucoz)b/ Phn ng to este: to este cha 5 gc axit axetic

2. Tnh cht ca andehita/ Oxi ha glucoz:

+ bng dd AgNO3 trong NH3:amoni gluconat v Ag (nhn bit glucoz)+ bng Cu(OH)2 mi trng kim: natri gluconat v Cu2O gch (nhn bit glucoz)

b/Kh glucoz bng H2 sobitol3. Phn ng ln men: ancol etylic + CO2

IV. 1. iu ch: trong cng nghip+ Thy phn tinh bt+ Thy phn xenluloz, xt HCl

2. ng dng: lm thuc tng lc, trng gng, rut phch,

V - FRUCTOZ, ng phn ca glucoz+ CTCT mch h: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CO-CH2OH+ Tnh cht ancol a chc (phn ng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dd xanh lam)

FructozOH

glucoz

+ Trong mi trng baz fructoz chuyn thnh glucoz fructoz b oxi ha biAgNO3/NH3 v Cu(OH)2trong mi trng kim.

B. SACCAROZ, TINH BT, XENLULOZI. SACCAROZ (ng knh),CTPT: C12H22O11

- Saccaroz la mot isaccarit c cau tao t mot goc glucoz va mot goc fructoz lienket vi nhau qua nguyen t oxi.


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- Khong co nhom chc CHO nen khong co phan ng trang bac va khong lam mat maunc brom.

* Tnh chat hoa hoc,co tnh chat cua ancol a chc va co phan ng thuy phana) Phan ng vi Cu(OH)22C12H22O11+Cu(OH)2(C12H21O11)2Cu+2H2O

mau xanh lam

b) Phan ng thuy phan C12H22O11 + H2O+ 0H , t

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

b) ng dung: dung e trang gng, trang phch.

II. TINH BOT1. Tnh chat vat l: La chat ran, dang bot vo nh hnh, mau trang, khong tan trong nc

lanh

2. Cau truc phan tTinh bt thuc loi polisaccarit, phan t tinh bot gom nhiu mat xch -glucoz lien ket

vi nhau v c CTPT : (C6H

10O

5)

n.

Cc mt xch -glucoz lien ket vi nhau to hai dang:- Danh lo xo khong phan nhanh (amiloz).- Dang lo xo phan nhanh (amilopectin).

Tinh bt (trong cc ht ng cc, cc loi c), mch tinh bt khng ko di m xon li thnhht c l rng

3. Tnh chat hoa hoca) Phan ng thuy phan:tinh bot b thuy phan thanh glucoz

(C6H10O5)n + nH2O,

oH t

n C6H12O6 dng nhn bit iot hoc tinh bt.

b)Phan ngmu vi iot: tao thanh hp chat co mau xanh tmIII. XENLULOZ

1. Tnh chat vat l, trang thai t nhien- Xenluloz la chat ran dang si, mau trang, khong tan trong nc va dung moi hu c,

nhng tan trong nc Svayde (dd thu c khi ha tan Cu(OH)2 trong amoniac).- Bng nn c gn 98% xenluloz

2. Cau truc phan t- Xenlulozl mt polisaccarit, phn t gm nhieu goc -glucoz lien ket vi nhau- CT : (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n c cu to mch khng phn nhnh.

3. Tnh chat hoa hoca) Phan ng thuy phan: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O

,o

H t

nC6H12O6

b) Phan ng vi axit nitric[C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3(ac)

02 4H SO d,t

[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2OXenluloz trinitrat rat de chay va no manh khong sinh ra khoi nen c dung lam thuoc

sung khong khoi.


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PHN II: BI TP NH TNHCu 1. Hp cht no sau y thuc loi isaccarit?

A. Glixerol B. Glucoz C. Saccaroz D. Xenluloz

Cu 2. Trong thc t ngi ta thc hin phn ng trng gng i vi cht no sau y trngrut bnh thy?

A. Anehit fomic B. Anehit axetic C. Glucoz D. Axitfomic

Cu 3.Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ngA. ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.

Cu 4. Mt cht khi thy phn trong mi trng axit, un nngkhngto ra glucoz. Cht lA. fructoz B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz.

Cu 5. Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dytham gia phn ng trng gng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.

Cu 6. Cp cht no sau ykhngphi l cp ng phn?A. Glucoz, fructoz B. Tinh bt, xenlulozC. Axit axetic, metyl fomat D. Saccaroz, mantoz

Cu 7. Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt lA. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.

C. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.

Cu 8.Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng lA. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. fructoz. D. saccaroz.

Cu 9.Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 lA. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic. B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat.C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic. D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat.

Cu 10. chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dungdch glucoz phn ng vi

A. Cu(OH)2trong NaOH, un nng. B. AgNO3trong dung dch NH3, un nng.C. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. D. kim loi Na.

Cu 11. Phn ng no sau y khng th chng minh c trong phn t glucoz c nhmandehit?

A. Glucoz + AgNO3/NH3 (t0) B. Glucoz + Cu(OH)2/NaOH (t

0)

C. Ln men glucoz D. Glucoz + H2 (Ni, t0)

Cu 12. Phn t saccaroz c cu to t nhng thnh phn no?A. 1 gc -glucoz v 1 gc - fructoz B. 2 gc - glucoz

C. 2 gc - fructoz D. Nhiu gc - glucozCu 13. Dy cht no sau y u cho phn ng trng gng?A. Glucoz, fructoz, tinh bt B. Xenluloz, axit fomic, fructozC. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz D. Mantoz, saccaroz, anehitfomic

Cu 14.Mi gc glucoz (C6H10O5) trong phn t xenluloz c s nhm hiroxyl l:A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Cu 15. Trong phn t gluxit lun c nhm chc:A.OH B. -COOH C. -CHO D.-CO-

Cu 16. So snh tinh bt vxenluloz kt lun no sau ykhngng?


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A. Thy phn hon ton trong mi trng axit u cho nhiu phn t glucozB. Phn t khi tinh bt b hn xenlulozC. u c mch khng phn nhnhD. u c CTPT dng (C6H10O5)nnhng h s n mi cht khc nhau

Cu 17. Saccaroz v mantoz s cho sn phm ging nhau khi phn ng vi cht no sau?A. Cu(OH)2/ NaOH B. O2 (d, t

0) C. Dd AgNO3/ NH3 D. H2O (H

+)

Cu 18. Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 1750000. S gc glucoz tngng trong phn t gn bng:A. 10802 B. 18002 C. 12008 D. 10800

Cu 19. Glucozkhngthuc loiA. hp cht tp chc B. cacbohirat C. monosaccarit D. isaccarit

Cu 20. Chtkhngtan c trong nc lnh lA. Glucoz B. Tinh bt C. Fructoz D. Saccaroz

Cu 21. Chtkhng tham gia phn ngthy phn lA. Saccaroz B. Fructoz C. Xenluloz D. Tinh bt

Cu 22. Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu cA. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz.

Cu 23. Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz?A. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. [C6H8O2(OH)3]n. C. [C6H7O3(OH)3]n. D. [C6H5O2(OH)3]n.

Cu 24. Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit?A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz.C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz

Cu 25. Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic,axetilen, fructoz. S lng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.

Cu 26.Cho s chuyn ha sau : CO2 X Y Z. X, Y, Z ln lt l:A. xenluloz, glucoz, ancol etylic B. tinh bt, fructoz, ancol etylicC. tinh bt, glucoz, ancol etylic D. tinh bt, glucoz, axit axetic

Cu 27.Mt cacbohirat A khi tc dng vi Cu(OH)2/NaOH d nhit thng to dd xanhlam, tip tc un nng s cho kt ta gch. Vy A c th l

A. Glixerol B. Fructoz C. Xenluloz D. saccaroz

*PHN BIT HA CHT

Cu 28. Cho cc dd : glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic, etanol. C th dng thuc th no sau y phn bit chng ?

A. Cu(OH)2/ OH- B. Na kim loi C. Nc brom D. Dd AgNO3/ NH3

THUC TH CHT C NHN BIT HIN TNGI2 H tinh bt Ha xanh h tinh bt

Nc brom Glucoz, mantoz Nc brom b mt muCu(OH)2 Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz Dung dch mu xanh lamCu(OH)2/ NaOH, t Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz To kt ta gch (Cu2O)AgNO3/ NH3, t

0 Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz To kt ta trng (Ag)


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Cu 29. Cho cc dd : glucoz, saccaroz, anehitaxetic. C th dng thuc th no sau y phn bit chng ?

A. Cu(OH)2 v AgNO3/ NH3 B. Nc brom v NaOHC. HNO3 v AgNO3/ NH3 D. AgNO3/ NH3 v NaOH

Cu 30. Cho cc dd : glucoz, glixerol, axitaxetic, etanol. C th dng thuc th no sau y phn bit chng ?

A. Cu(OH)2/ NaOH B. Na kim loi C. Dd AgNO3/ NH3 D. Nc brom

Cu 31. Cho cc dd : saccaroz, fomanehit, etanol, glucoz. C th dng thuc th no sau y phn bit chng ?

A. Cu(OH)2/ OH-

B. H2/ Ni, t0

C. AgNO3/ NH3 D. Vi sa

Cu 32. Dng cht no sau y phn bit glucoz, fructoz?A. Cu(OH)2 B. Na kim loi C. Dd AgNO3/ NH3 D. Nc brom

PHN BI TP NH LNG

1. Phn ng trng gng- Trng gng trc tip: Glucoz, fructoz 2 Ag

- Thy phn xong, ly sp trng gng :+ Tinh bt, xenluloz sn phm 2 Ag+ Saccaroz sn phm 4 Ag

Cu 33.Cho 200 ml dung dch fructoz thc hin phn ng trng gng hon ton thu c 10,8gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dd glucoz dng l:

A. 0,2M B. 0,25M C. 0,5M D. 0,125M

Cu 34.un nng dung dch cha 27 gam glucoz vi AgNO3trong dung dch NH3(d) th khilng Ag ti a thu c l

A. 16,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 32,4 gam.

2. Phn ng ln men, thy phn, hiro haCu 35. Cho 18 gam glucoz ln men thnh ancol etylic, bit hiu sut qu trnh ln men t60%. Khi lng ancol etylic to ra l


Cu 36. Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 80%. Hp th hon ton khCO2sinh ra vo nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l

A. 14,4 B. 45. C. 11,25 D. 22,5

Cu 37.Thy phn 324 gam tinh bt vi hiu sut ca phn ng l 75%, khi lng glucoz thuc l

A. 250 gam. B. 300 gam. C. 360 gam. D. 270 gam

Cu 38.Mun c 2610 gam glucoz th khi lng saccaroz cn em thu phn hon ton lA. 4595 gam. B. 4468 gam. C. 4959 gam. D. 4995 gam.

Cu 40. Lng glucoz cn dng to ra 1,82 gam sobitol vi hiu sut 80% l A. 2,25 gam. B. 1,80 gam. C. 1,82 gam. D. 1,44 gam.

Cu 41. T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sutphn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l

A. 26,73. B. 33,00. C. 25,46. D. 29,70.


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Chng 3. AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN

A. AMINIKHI NIM, PHN LOI V DANH PHP1. Khi nim, phn loi

a. Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn t NH3bng gc hirocacbon ta thuc hp cht amin. CT chung ca amin, mch h, no, n chc: CnH2n+3N (n 1)

b. Phn loiTheo gc hirocacbon: amin bo nh CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, amin thm C6H5NH2,

CH3C6H4NH2,Theo bc ca amin: amin bc I, amin bc II, amin bc III.

2. Danh php: Gi tn theo tn gc chc (tn gc hirocacbon + amin) v tn thay th:CTCT Tn gc chc Tn thay th

CH3NH2 metylamin metanamin

CH3CH2 NH2 etylamin etanmin

CH3NHCH3 imetylamin N-metylmetanminCH3CH2CH2 NH2 propylamin propan-1-amin

(CH3)3N trimetylamin N,N-imetylmetanminC2H5NHCH3 Etyl metylamin N-metyl etanmin

C6H5NH2 phenylamin Benzenamin

IITNH CHT VT L- Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin, etylamin l cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong

nc.- Phn t khi cng tng th: nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn - Cc amin u rt c.

III. TNH CHT HO HC

1. Tnh bazTc dng vi nc: dung dch cc amin h trong nc lm qu tm ho xanh,phenolphtalein ho hng.

CH3NH2 + H2O [CH3NH3]+ + OH-

Anilin v cc amin thm phn ng rt km vi nc.Tc dng vi axit

CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3Cl

C6H5NH2+ HCl [C6H5NH3]+Cl

anilin phenylamoni clorua

2. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilinNH

2:

+ 3Br2

NH2 Br

Br

Br

+ 3HBr

(2,4,6-tribromanilin)

H2O

PHN I: BI TP NH TNHCu 1.S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C2H7N l

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.

Cu 2.S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C4H11N l


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A. 5. B. 7. C. 6. D. 8.

Cu 3.C bao nhiu amin cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N ?A. 3 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.

Cu 4. Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2? A. H2N-[CH2]6NH2 B. CH3CH(CH3)NH2 C. CH3NHCH3 D. C6H5NH2

Cu 5.Trong cc cht di y, tn no ph hp vi cht CH3CH(CH3)NH2?

A. Metyletylamin. B. Etylmetylamin. C. Isopropanamin. D. Isopropylamin.Cu 6. Amin c cng thc CH3-NH-C2H5 c tn lA. imetylmetanamin B. etylmetanamin C. N-metyletanamin D. imetylamin

Cu 7. Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trt t tng dn tnh baz: (1) anilin; (2) etylamin; (3)ietylamin; (4) natri hiroxit; (5) amoniac.

A. (1) < (5) < (2) < (3) < (4) B. (1) < (2) < (5) < (3) < (4)

C. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) < (5) D. (2) < (5) < (4) < (3) < (1)

Cu 8.Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo th t tng dn tnh baz: (1) metylamin; (2) amoniac;(3) etylamin; (4) anilin; (5) propylamin.

A. (4) < (5) < (2) < (3) < (1) B. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3) < (5)

C. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) < (5) D. (2) < (5) < (4) < (3) < (1)

Cu 9. Cho cc cht sp theo chiu tng phn t khi CH 3NH2, C2H5NH2, CH3CH2CH2NH2.Nhn xt no sau y ng ?A. t

0si, tan trong nc tng dn B. t0si gim dn, tan trong nc tng dn

C. t0si, tan trong nc gim dn D. t0si tng dn, tan trong nc gim dn

Cu 10.Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc ?A. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2 B. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2

C. CH3NHCH3 v CH3CH(OH)CH3 D. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH

Cu 11.Pht biu no sau ykhngng ?

A. Cc amin u c tnh baz.B. Tnh baz ca cc amin u mnh hn NH3C. Phenylamin c tnh baz yu hn NH3.D. Tt c cc amin n chc u cha s l nguyn t H trong phn t.

Cu 12.Tnh baz ca etylamin mnh hn amoniac c gii thch l doA. nguyn t N trong phn t etylamin cn cp electron cha tham gia lin kt.B. etylamin c kh nng cho H+khi tham gia phn ng.C. nguyn t N trong phn t etylamin c 3 electron c thn.D. do gc C2H5c c tnh y electron.

Cu 13.Pht biu no sau ykhngng vi amin?

A. Khi lng phn t ca amin n chc lun l s l.B. Tt c cc dd amin c u to hin tng thng hoa khi tc dng vi HCl c.C. Khi t chy hon ton a mol amin X lun thu c a/2 mol N2.D. Cc amin u c kh nng tc dng vi axit.

Cu 14.Hy ch ra cukhng ng trong cc cu sau?A. Tt c cc amin u c kh nng nhn proton.B. Tnh baz ca cc amin u mnh hn NH3.C. Cng thc ca amin no n chc, mch h l CnH2n + 3N (n 1)D. Metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn amoniac.


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Cu 15.C th nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2bng cch no ?A. Ngi mi B. Thm vi git dung dch H2SO4C. Thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3D. a a thy tinh nhng vo dd HCl c ln ming l ng dd CH3NH2c

Cu 16.Chtkhngc kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm lA. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac.

Cu 17.Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l: A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.

Cu 18.Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom voA. ancol etylic. B. benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic.

Cu 19. Anilin (C6H5NH2) phn ng vi dung dchA. NaOH. B. HCl. C. Na2CO3. D. NaCl.

Cu 20. C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit3 cht lng trn l

A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom.

C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm.Cu 21. Anilin (C6H5NH2) v phenol (C6H5OH) u c phn ng viA. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl. C. nc Br2. D. dung dch NaOH.

Cu 22.Ba cht lng: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3NH2ng trong ba l ring bit. Thuc th dng phn bit ba cht trn l

A. qu tm. B. kim loi Na. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch NaOH.

Cu 23. Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S chttrong dy phn ng c vi NaOH (trong dung dch) l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.

PHN II: BI TP NH LNG1) Ton t chy

Cu 24.t chy hon ton 9,0 gam mt amin no, n chc X phi dng ht 16,8 lit oxi (ktc).Cng thc ca X l

A. C2H7N B. C3H9N C. C4H11N D. C5H13N

Cu 25. t chy hon ton mt amin X n chc cha no c mt ni i C=C thu c CO 2 vH2O theo t l mol 8: 9. Cng thc ca X l

A. C4H9N B. C3H9N C. C4H11N D. C5H13N

Cu 26.t chy hon ton 0,2 mol metylamin (CH3NH2), sinh ra V lt kh N2( ktc). Gi tr

ca V lA. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.

Cu 27.t chy hon ton m gam metylamin (CH3NH2), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh N2( ktc). Gi tr

ca m lA. 3,1 gam. B. 6,2 gam. C. 5,4 gam. D. 2,6 gam.

Cu 28.t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thuc 22 gam CO2 v 14,4 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l:

A. C3H9N v C4H11N B. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2

C. C2H7N v C3H9N D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2


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2) Phn ng vi axit

Cu 29. Cho 5,9 gam etylamin (C3H7NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui(C3H7NH3Cl) thu c l


Cu 30. Cho 4,5 gam etylamin (C2H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu

c lA. 7,65 gam. B. 8,15 gam. C. 8,10 gam. D. 0,85 gam.

Cu 31.Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lnganilin phn ng l

A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g.

Cu 32.Hp cht hu c X mch h, thnh phn phn t gm C, H, N. Trong %N chim23,7% (theo khi lng), X tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1. X c Cng thc phn t:

A. C3H7NH2 B. CH3NH2 C. C4H9NH2 D. C2H5NH2

Cu 33. Cho 11,25 gam C2H5NH2tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x (M). Sau khi phn ngxong thu c dung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l

A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5M

Cu 34.Cho 1,52 gam hn hp 2 amin no, n chc (c s mol bng nhau) tc dng va vi200ml dung dch HCl thu c 2,98 gam mui. Kt lun no sau y khng chnh xc?

A. Nng dung dch HCl bng 0,2 M B. S mol mi amin l 0,02 molC. CTPT ca 2 amin l CH5N v C2H7N D. Tn gi 2 amin l metylamin v etylamin

3) Anilin phn ng vi dd Br2Cu 35. Th tch nc brom 3% (d = 1,3g/ml) cn dng iu ch 4,4 gam kt ta 2,4,6 tribrom anilin l

A. 164,1ml. B. 49,23ml. C 146,1ml. D. 16,41ml.

Cu 36.Cho m gam anilin tc dng ht vi dung dch Br2thu c 9,9 gam kt ta. Gi tr m dng lA. 0,93 gam B. 2,79 gam C. 1,86 gam D. 3,72 gam

Cu 37. Cho mt hn hp A cha NH3, C6H5NH2, C6H5OH. A c trung ha bi 0,02 molNaOH hoc 0,01 mol HCl. A cng phn ng vi 0,075 mol Br2to ra kt ta ti a. S molca NH3, C6H5NH2, C6H5OH ln lt l

A. 0,01; 0,005; 0,02 B. 0,005; 0,005; 0,02

C. 0,05; 0,002; 0,05 D. 0,01; 0,005; 0,05

B. AMINOAXIT

IKHI NIM1. Khi nim Aminoaxit l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhmamino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH).

- CTTQ: (H2N)xR(COOH)y(x 1, y 1)- CT chung ca aminoaxit no, mch h c 1 nhm NH2, 1 nhm COOH l CnH2n+1NO2(n 2)

CH3 CH

NH2

COOH H2N CH2[CH2]3 CH

NH2

COOH

alanin lysin 2.Danh php

- Tn thay th: axit + v tr nhm NH2 (1, 2, 3) + amino + tn h thng ca axit.


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- Tn bn h thng: axit + v tr nhm NH2 (, , , , , ) + amino + tn thng ca axit.

IICU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HO HC 1. Cu to phn t:tn ti di hai dng phn t v ion lng cc.

H2N-CH2-COOH H3N-CH2-COO-+

dang phan t ion lng cc Cc amino axit l nhng hp cht ionnn iu kin thng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i d

tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao (phn hu khi un nng).2. Tnh cht ho hc

a. Tnh cht lng tnh

HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH2-NH3Cl-+

H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H2O

b. Tnh axitbaz ca dung dch amino axit- Dung dch glyxin khng lm i mu qu tm.

H2N CH2 COOH H3N-CH2-COO-+

- Dung dch axit glutamic lm qu tm ho hng

HOOC-CH2CH2CHCOOH

NH2

-OOC-CH2CH2CHCOO-

NH3+ - Dung dch lysin lm qu tm ho xanh.

H2N[CH2]4CH

NH2

COOH + H2O H3N[CH2]4 CH

NH3

COO+

+ OH--

c. Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH: phn ng este ho

H2N-CH2-COOH + C2H5OH H2N-CH2-COOC2H5 + H2OHCl kh

d. Phn ng trng ngng (-, - to poliamit)

nH2N-[CH2]5COOH NH [CH2]5 CO + nH2Ot0 ( )nhay

axit - aminocaproic policaproamit

cc axit c gc amino gn v tr , , khng cho phn ng trng ngng

C. PEPTITI. KHI NIM

-Peptit l loi hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc linktpeptit.

NH CH

R1C

O

N

H

CH

R2C

O

......

lien ket peptit

- Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4, gc -amino axit c gi l i-, tri-,

tetrapeptit,Nhng phn t peptit cha nhiu gc -amino axit (trn 10) c gi l polipeptitH2N-CH2CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH (Gly- Ala)

u N u CH2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2COOH (Ala- Gly)

u N u C

II. TNH CHT HA HC1. Phn ng thu phn

- Peptit c th b thy phn hon ton thnh cc -amino axitnh xt :axit hoc baz:- Peptit c th b thy phn khng hon ton thnh cc peptit ngn hn


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2. Phn ng mu biureTrong mi trng kim, peptit p vi Cu(OH)2cho hp cht mu tm

D. PROTEINI. KHI NIM

Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triuc to nn bi nhiu gc -aminoaxit ni vi nhau bng lin ktpeptit.

NH CH

R1C

O

N

H

CH

R2C

O

NH... CH

R3C

O

... hay NH CH

RiC

O n(n 50)

II. TNH CHT1. Tnh cht vt l

- Nhiu protein hnh cu tanc trong nc to thnh dung dch keo vng t li khiun nng.

- S ng t v kt ta protein cng xy ra khi cho axit, baz v mt s mui vo ddprotein.

2. Tnh cht ho hc

- B thu phn nh xt axit, baz hoc enzim: protein chui polipeptit -amino axit- C phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2/ OH- mu tm

PHN I: BI TP NH TNH

Cu 1.Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn tA. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino.C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon.

Cu 2. C4H9O2N c my ng phn amino axit c nhm amino v tr ?A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.

Cu 3.C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C3H7O2N?

A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 1 cht.Cu 4.Trong cc tn gi di y, tn nokhngph hp vi cht CH3CH(NH2)COOH ?

A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit-aminopropionic.C. Anilin. D. Alanin.

Cu 5. Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH?

A. Axit 3-metyl-2-aminobutanoic. B. Valin.

C. Axit 2-amino-3-metylbutanoic. D. Axit -aminoisovaleric.

Cu 6.Dung dch ca cht no sau ykhnglm i mu qu tm :

A. Glixin (CH2NH2-COOH) B. Lizin (H2NCH2-[CH2]3CH(NH2)-COOH)

C. Axit glutamic HOOCCH2CHNH2COOH D. Natriphenolat (C6H5ONa)

Cu 7.Phn bit 3 dung dch H2N- CH2-COOH, CH3COOH, C2H5NH2c th dngA. NaOH B. HCl C. qu tm D. CH3OH/ HCl

Cu 8.Cht X va tc dng c vi axit, va tc dng c vi baz. Cht X lA. CH3COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3NH2.

Cu 9.Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H2NCH2COOH, va tc dng c vi CH3NH2?A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH3OH. D. NaOH.


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Cu 10. Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2,C6H5OH (phenol). S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 11. chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht nyln lt vi

A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3.C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2SO4 . D. dung dch KOH v CuO.

Cu 12. nhn bit cc cht metanol, glixerol, dung dch glucoz, dung dch anilin ta c thdng thuc th theo trnh t no sau y?

A. dd AgNO3/NH3 v Cu(OH)2/OH-. B. Na kim loi, dd brom.

C. Cu(OH)2/OH-, dd brom. D. dd NaOH, dd HCl.

Cu 13.Hp cht no sau ykhngphi l aminoaxit ?A. H2N- CH2-COOH B. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH

C. CH3-CH2-CO-NH2 D. HOOC- CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH

Cu 14.Pht biu no sau ykhngng?A. Thu phn protein n cng bng axit hoc kim khi un nng sn phm thu c l

hn hp cc - aminoaxit.B. Khi lng phn t ca mt aminoaxit cha mt nhm -NH2v mt nhm -COOH lunl s l

C. Cc aminoaxit u tan trong nc.D. Tt c cc dung dch aminoaxit u lm i mu qu tm.

Cu 15.Sn phm cui cng khi thy phn cc protein n gin nh xc tc thch hp lA. axit cacboxylic B. amin C. aminoaxit D. - aminoaxit

Cu 16. Peptit X c cng thc cu to nh sau :H2N-CH-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH-COOH

CH3 CH(CH3)2

Tn gi ca X lA. Ala- Ala- Gly B. Ala- Gly- Val C. Gly- Ala- Gly D. Gly- Val- Ala

Cu 17. c im khc nhau gia protein vi cacbohirat v lipit lA. protein c phn t khi ln B. protein lun c cha nguyn t nitC. protein lun c cha nhm OH D. protein lun l cht hu c no

Cu 18.Tri peptit l hp chtA. m mi phn t c 3 lin kt peptit.B. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit ging nhau.C. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit khc nhau.D. c 2 lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc -amino axit.

Cu 19.Trong cc cht di y, cht no l ipeptit ?A. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-COOH.

B. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH.

C. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH.

D. H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH

Cu 20.T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?A. 1 cht. B. 2 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht.

Cu 21.S ng phn tripeptit to thnh t 1 phn t glyxin v 2 phn t alanin l


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A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.

Cu 22.S ng phn tripeptit c cha gc ca c glyxin v alanin lA. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.

PHN II: BI TP NH LNG1) Ton t chy

Cu 23.t chy hon ton mt - aminoaxit thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l mol 8 : 9. Cngthc cu to c th c ca X l :

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH B. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH

C. H2N[CH2]3COOH D. CH3[CH2]3CH(NH2)COOH

Cu 24.t chy hon ton a mol aminoaxit A thu c 2a mol CO 2 v a/2 mol N2. Cng thccu to A l :

A. H2NCH2COOH B. H2N[CH2]2COOH

C. H2N[CH2]3COOH D. H2NCH2(COOH)2

2. Phn ng vi axit v baz

Cu 25. Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H2N-CH2-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl. Sau

phn ng, khi lng mui thu c lA. 43,00 gam. B. 44,00 gam. C. 11,05 gam. D. 11,15 gam.

Cu 26. Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H2N-CH2-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH.Sau phn ng, khi lng mui thu c l


Cu 27.Cho m gam alanin phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phn ng, khi lng muithu c 11,1 gam. Gi tr m dng l


Cu 28.Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X

tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam muikhan. CT ca X lA. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH.

Cu 29.Mt aminoaxit X tc dng ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l28,287%. Cng thc ca X l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH B. H2N[CH2]2COOH

C. H2NCH2COOH D. H2NCH2CH(NH2)COOH

Cu 30.0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) tc dng va vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M. C cn d ungdch sau phn ng c 1,835 gam mui khan. Khi lng phn t ca A l

A. 89. B. 103. C. 117. D. 147.

Cu 31.Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tcdng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X lA. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. glixin

Cu 32. Cht X c phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t C, H, O, N ln lt l 32%, 6,67%,42,66% v 18.67%. T khi hi ca X so vi khng kh nh hn 3. X va tc dng vi dung dchHCl va tc dng vidung dch NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca X:

A. H2NCH2COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH

C. NH2CH2CH2COOH. D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.


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Chng . POLIME & VT LIU POLIMEA. POLIME

IKHI NIM* Khi nim:Polime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi ln do nhiu n vc s gi l mt xchlin kt vi nhau to nn.* Phn loi:

- Polime tng hp: PVC, nilon- 6,- Polime t nhin: xenluloz, tinh bt,- Polime bn tng hp: t visco.

IIC IM CU TRC- Mch khng phn nhnh: amiloz, tinh bt,- Mch phn nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen,- Mng khng gian: cao su lu ho, nha bakelit,

IIITNH CHT VT L- Cc polime hu ht l nhng cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh.- Khng tan trong cc dung mi thng thng.

-Nhiu polime c tnh do, n hi, dai, cch in.IV - TNH CHT HA HC1/ Phn ng phn ct mch polimePolime c nhm chc trong mch d b thy phn

Th d : tinh bt, xenluloz b thy phn thnh glucoz

Th du: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6H+, t0

Tinh bot Glucoz 2/ Phn ng gi nguyn mch polimePolime c nhm chc hoc c ni i c th c phn ng c trng.

CH2 CH CCH3

CH2 +nHCl CH2 CH2 CCH3

Cl

CH2n n

poliisopren poliisopren hiroclo hoa3/ Phn ng tng mch polime (phn ng khu mch polime)

Khi c iu kin thch hp cc mch polime c th ni vi nhau- Phn ng lu ho chuyn cao su thnh cao su lu ho.- Phn ng chuyn nharezol thnh nha rezit.

VPHNG PHP IU CH1. Phn ng trng hp:Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau

hay tng t nhau thnh phn t ln (polime).iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng hp l trong phn t phi c linkt bi (CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-Cl, CH2=CH-CH-CH2,) hoc l vng km bnc th m ra nh:

CH2 CH2,

O

H2C

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

C

NH,...

O

nCH2 CH

Cl

CH2 CH

Cl

xt, t0, p

nvinyl clorua poli(vinyl clorua)


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2. Phn ng trng ngngnH2N-[CH2]5COOH NH [CH2]5 CO + nH2O

t0 ( )nhay axit - aminocaproic policaproamit

nHOOC-C6H4-COOH + nHOCH2-CH2OHt0

CO C6H4-CO OC2H4 O + 2nH2On poli(etylen terephtalat)

Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ngthi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (th d H2O).iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng l trong phn t phi ct nht hai nhm chc c kh nng phn ng.

B. VT LIU POLIMEI. CHT DO

1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit* Cht do l nhng cht liu polime c tnh do.- Thnh phn: polime

Cht n, cht ho do, cht ph gia.* Vt liuCom pozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m khngho tan vo nhau.

Thnh phn: Cht nn (polime)Cht n, si bt (silicat), bt nh (CaCO3 )

2. Mt s polime dng lm cht doa) Polietilen (PE): CH2 CH2 n b) Poli (vinyl clorua) (PVC): CH2 CH

nCl

c) Poli (metyl metacylat) : CH2 C

COOCH3

CH3

n d/ Poli (phenol-fomandehit) (P.P.F)

II. T1. Khi nim:T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh, bn nht nh.2. Phn loi:c 2 loi

- T t nhin: Len, t tm, bng- T ho hc

+ T tng hp: ch to t polime tng hp (tpoliamit, vinylic)

+ T bn tng hp (t nhn to): ch to t polime thin nhin nh t visco, xenlulozaxetat.

3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gpa/ T nilon-6.6

H2N CH2]6 NH2 + nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOHnt0

NH [CH2]6 NHCO [CH2]4 CO + 2nH2Onpoli(hexametylen aipamit) hay nilon-6,6

b/ T nitron (olon)


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CH2 CH

CN

RCOOR', t0CH2 CH

CN n

n

acri loni trin pol iacri loni trin

II. CAO SU1. Khi nim:Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi.2. Phn loi: C 2 loi: cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp

a/ Cao su thin nhin: ly t m cy cao su. Cu to: l polime ca isopren.( CH2-C=CH-CH2)n

b/ Cao su tng hp: cao su buna; cao su buna-S v cao su buna-N

PHN I: BI TP NH TNHCu 1.T c sn xut t xenluloz l

A. t capson B. t visco C. t nilon- 6,6 D. t tm

Cu 2.Chtkhngc kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp lA. stiren. B. isopren. C. propen. D. toluen.

Cu 3.T tm v nilon- 6,6 uA. cng phn t khi B. thuc loi t tng hpC. thuc loi t thin nhin D. cha cc nguyn t ging nhau

Cu 4.Dy gm cc polime tng hp lA. PE, xenluloz, nilon- 6, nilon- 6,6 B. PE, polibutaien, nilon- 6, nilon- 6,6C. PE, tinh bt, nilon- 6, nilon- 6,6 D. poli(vinylclorua), xenluloz, nilon- 6,6

Cu 5. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp?A. Poli(vinylclorua) B. Polisaccarit C. Protein D. T poliamit

Cu 6. Nilon- 6,6 l mt loi

A. t axetat B. t visco C. polieste D. t poliamitCu 7.Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime) ngthi gii phng nhng phn t nc gi l phn ng

A. nhit phn. B. trao i. C. trng hp. D. trngngng.

Cu 8. Cho cc polime: polietilen (1), xenluloz (2), tinh bt (3), nilon-6 (4), nilon-6,6 (5), cao suBuna (6). Dy gm cc polime tng hp l:

A. 1, 4, 5, 6 B. 1, 2, 5, 6 C. 1, 3, 5, 6 D. 1, 6, 2

Cu 9.Polime no sau y c cu trc mch mng khng gian?A. Cao su lu ha B. Amilopectin C. Amiloz D. Xenluloz

Cu 10.Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp?A. PVC B. Polisaccarit C. Protein D. Nilon-6

Cu 11.Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng ?A. Nha bekalit B. Tinh bt C. T tm D. Cao su Buna

Cu 12.T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol)?A. CH2=CH-COOCH3. B. CH2=CH-OCOCH3C. CH2=CH-COOC2H5 D. CH2=CH-CH2OH.

Cu 13.Monome c dng iu ch polietilen l

CH3


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A. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2.

Cu 14.Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.

B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.

C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh.D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.

Cu 15. Cho cc polime sau: (-CH2CH2-)n; (- CH2- CH=CH- CH2-)n

; (- NH-CH2 -CO-)n

Cng thc ca cc monome khi trng hp hoc trng ngng to ra cc polime trn ln lt lA. CH2=CHCl, CH3-CH=CH-CH3, CH3- CH(NH2)- COOH.

B. CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-CH= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH.

C. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=C= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH.

D. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=CH-CH3, NH2- CH2- CH2- COOH.

Cu 16.Trong cc loi t sau: (1) [-NH-(CH2)6-NH-OC-(CH2)4-CO-]n,

(2) [-NH-(CH2)5-CO-]n, (3) [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n

T thuc loi poliamit l

A. 1, 3 B. 1, 2 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 2, 3Cu 17.T nilon-6,6 c tng hp t phn ng

A. trng hp gia axit aipic v hexametylen i aminC. trng hp t caprolactanB. trng ngng gia axit aipic v hexametylen i aminD. trng ngng t caprolactan

Cu 18. Poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hpA. C2H5COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COO-C2H5.

C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.

Cu 19.Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trnghp

A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.

C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.

Cu 20.Polivinyl clorua (PVC) iu ch t vinyl clorua bng phn ngA. trao i. B. oxi ho - kh. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.

Cu 21.T c sn xut t xenluloz lA. t tm. B. t capron. C. t nilon-6,6. D. t visco.

Cu 22.Monome c dng iu ch polipropilen l A. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-

CH=CH2.Cu 23.Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l

A. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. B. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.

C. CH2CH2OH v CH3-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH=CH2.

Cu 24.Cng thc phn t ca cao su thin nhinA. (C5H8)n B. (C4H8)n C. (C4H6)n D. ( C2H4)n

Cu 25.T viscokhngthuc loiA. t ha hc. B. t tng hp. C. t bn tng hp. D. t nhn to.


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Cu 26.Trong cc loi t di y, t nhn to lA. t visco. B. t capron. C. t nilon -6,6. D. t tm.

Cu 27.Teflon l tn ca mt polime c dng lmA. cht do. B. t tng hp. C. cao su tnghp. D. keo dn.

PHN II: BI TP NH LNG1. Tm cng thc polime, h s polime ha

Cu 28.Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750000. H s polime ho ca PVC l A. 12.000 B. 15.000 C. 24.000 D. 25.000

Cu 29.Phn t khi trung bnh ca polietilen X l 420000. H s polime ho ca PE lA. 12.000 B. 13.000 C. 15.000 D. 17.000

Cu 30. Mt polime c phn t khi bng 27000 v c h s polime ha bng 500. Polime ny lA. PE B. Nilon- 6 C. Cao su Buna D. PVC

Cu 31. Thy phn hon ton 5700 gam polipeptit X (xc tc axit) thu c 7500 gam mtaminoaxit. Cng thc ca polime X l

A. (-HN-CH2-CO-)500 B. (-HN-CH2-CO-)50

C. (-HN-CH2-CH2-CO-)500 D. (-HN-CH2-CO-)1002. Bi tp iu ch polime

Cu 32.T 4 tn C2H4 c cha 30% tp cht c th iu ch bao nhiu tn PE ? (Bit hiu sutphn ng l 90%)

A. 2,55 B. 2,8 C. 2,52 D.3,6

Cu 33.Xenluloz trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric.Tnh th tch axit nitric 99,67 % (c khi lng ring 1,52 g/ml) cn sn xut 59,4 kgxenluloztrinitrat vi hiu sut phn ng bng 90 %?


Cu 34. Poli(vinylclorua) c iu ch t kh thin nhin (metan chim 95%) theo s theochuyn ha v hiu sut mi giai on nh sau

CH4 %15 C2H2

%95 C2H3Cl %90 PVC.

Mun tng hp 1 tn PVC th cn bao nhiu m3 kh CH4(ktc) ?A. 5598 m

3B. 5883 m

3C. 2941 m

3D. 5880 m

3


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Chng . I CNG V KIM LOI

IV TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BTH - CU TO KIM LOI1. V tr

-Nhm IA (tr H), nhm IIA (tr B) v mt phn ca cc nhm IVA, VA, VIA.- Cc nhm B (t IB n VIIIB).- H lantan v actini.

2. Cu to kim loi-Nguyn t ca hu ht kim loi u c telectron lp ngoi cng (1, 2 hoc 3e).- Trong chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln hn v in

tch ht nhn nh hn sovi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim.- nhit thng, tr Hg th lng, cn cc kim loi khc th rn v c cu to tinh th.

+ Mng tinh th lc phng.V d: Be, Mg, Zn,+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi. V d: Li, Na, K,+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm din. V d: Cu, Ag, Al,

- Trong tinh th kim loi, nguyn t v ion kim loi nm nhng nt ca mng tinh th. Ccelectron ho tr chuyn ng t do trong mng tinh th.

- Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mngtinh th do c s tham gia ca cc electron t do.

IITNH CHT VT L CHUNG iu kin thng, cc kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg), c tnh do, dn in, dn

nhit v c nh kim.Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc electron tdo trong mng tinh th kim loi.

IIITNH CHT HO HCTnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh: M Mn+ + ne

1. Tc dng vi phi kim

a) Tc dng vi clo2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3

0 0 +3 -1t0

b) Tc dng vi oxi

2Al + 3O2 2Al2O30 0 +3 -2t0

3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O40 0 +8/3 -2t0

c) Tc dng vi lu hunh

Vi Hg xy ra nhit thng, cc kim loi cn un nng.

Fe +0 0 +2 -2t0

S FeS Hg +0 0 +2 -2

S HgS

2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit

a) Dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long: Phn ng cc kim loi trc Hmui (kl c hatr thp) + H2b) Dung dch HNO3, H2SO4c:Phn ng vi hu ht cc kim loi (tr Au, Pt).

- H2SO4 , nng mui sunfat (kl c ha tr cao) + SO2 + H2O- HNO3 mui nitrat + NO2 + H2O- Vi HNO3long, ty kh mnh ca kim loi v nng axit cng long th gc NO3

-

b kh cng su: NO, N2O, N2, NH4NO3(Fe, Al, Cr b th ng ha trong axit H2SO4 & HNO3c ngui).

3. Tc dng vi nc


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- Cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh: kim loi nhm IA v IIA (nh Ca, Ba, Sr) kh H 2O d

dng nhit thng: Na + H2O NaOH +2

1H2 ; Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

- Cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh ch kh nc nhit cao (Fe, Zn,):

3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2t0 < 5700C

; Fe + H2O FeO + H2t0 > 5700C

. Tc dng vi dung dch mui

- Kim loi mnh hn c th kh c ion ca kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui thnhkim loi t do.- Cho KL kim, kim th vo dd mui:

+ KL + H2O Baz + H2+ Baz + mui baz mi + mui mi

IIIY IN HO CA KIM LOI1. So snh tnh cht ca cc cp oxi ho kh: T tri sang phi:

- Oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng dn:

K+ Ag >Pt >Au

2. ngha dy in ho ca kim loiPhn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh s xy ra theo chiu cht oxi ho mnh hn s oxi ho chtkh mnh hn,sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn (quy tc )

Xx+

Yy+

X Y

xYy+

+ yX yXx+ + xY

IVN MN KIM LOI1. Khi nim: l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng

xung quanh. Kim loi b oxi ho thnh ion dng: M Mn+ + ne

2. Cc dng n mnn mn ho hc n mn in ho hc

Khi nim l qu trnh oxi hokh, trong cc electron ca kim loic chuyn trc tip n cccht trong mi trng.

l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong kim loi bn mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li.K: Cc in cc phi khc nhau, cc in cc

phi tip xc nhau, v cng tip xc vi dung

dch cht in li.c im - Khng sinh ra dng in - Sinh ra dng in.- Ph bin trong t nhin.

C ch - Electron ca kim loi cchuyn trc tip n cc chttrong mi trng.- Nhit cng cao, tc nmn cng nhanh.

- Anot (-): Kim loi c tnh kh mnh b n mn,xy ra qu trnh oxi ha kim loi: M Mn+ + ne- Catot (+): Qu trnh kh:MT axit: Kh H+: 2H+ +2e H2MT kk m, c oxi ha tan: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH


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VIIU CH KIM LOI1. Nguyn tc:Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t kim loi t do: Mn+ + ne M2. Phng php

in phn nng chy Thy luyn

(K Na Ca Mg Al) Zn Fe Ni Sn

Pb H2 (Cu

Ag ...

in phn dung dch + Nhit luyn

Thy luyn Nhit luyn P nng chy P dung dchKL cniu ch

Tnh kh yu(sau H)

Tnh kh TB +yu (sau Al)

Tnh kh mnh(Kim, kim th, Al)

Tnh kh TB + yu (Al)

Vai trkh

KL c tnh khmnh (tr kim,kim th)

C, CO, CO2, H2,

Mg, Al.

Dng in 1 chiu Dng in 1 chiu

Nguyn

liu

Dung dch mui Oxit kim loi - MCl hay MOH

- MCl2- Al2O3

Dung dch mui

- Catot (+): qu trnh ion KL c tnh oxi

mnh trc.- Anot (-): qu trnh

ha Br-> Cl

-> H2O

V d Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 +Cu

Fe2O3 + 3CO

0t 2Fe + 3CO2

C (-)

A (+) 2MCl

dpnc 2M+Cl2

MCl2 dpnc M+Cl2

2Al2O3 dpnc 4Al

+3O2

C (-) A (+)

CuCl2 dpdd Cu + C

2CuSO4 + 2H2O dpd

2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2

2Cu(NO3)2+2H2O

dpdd 2Cu + 4HNO3 + O2

PHN I: BI TP NH TNHI. CU TO NGUYN T V TNH CHT VT L CA KIM LOICu 1.Cc ion v nguyn t no sau y u c cu hnh e l:1s22s22p6?

A. Na+; Al

3+, Cl

-, Ne B. Na

+, Mg

2+, Al

3+, Cl

-

C. Na+; Mg

2+, F

-, Ne D. K

+, Cu

2+, Br

-, Ne

Cu 2.So snh vi nguyn t phi kim cng chu k, nguyn t kim loiA. thng c s e lp ngoi cng nhiu hn

B. thng c bn knh ca nguyn t nh hnC. thng c nng lng ion ha nh hnD. thng d nhn e trong phn ng ha hc

Cu 3.Cu hnh e no sau y l ca nguyn t kim loi?A. 1s

22s

22p

6B. 1s

22s

22p

63s

23p

4C. 1s

22s

22p

63s

23p

5D. 1s

22s

22p

63s

1

Cu 4.St l nguyn tA. nguyn t c cu hnh e:[Ar] 4s23d6 B. tnh kh yuC. khng b nhim t D. nhm d.


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Cu 5. Fe3+c cu hnh e l:A. [Ar]3d

34s

2B. [Ar]3d

5C. [Ar]3d

6D. [Ar]3d

64s

2

Cu 6. Lin kt trong mng tinh th kim loi l lin kt:A. cng ho tr B. ion C. kim loi D. cho nhn

Cu 7.Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hnh thnh do: A. Cc e t do chuyn ng quanh v tr cn bng gia nguyn t kim loi v ion dng

kim loiB. S cho v nhn e gia cc nguyn t kim loi.C. S gp chung e gia cc nguyn t kim loi.D. Lc ht tnh in ca ion dng kim loi ny vi nguyn t kim loi.

Cu 8.Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?A. Fe B. W C. Cu D. Cr

Cu 9.Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?A. W B. Zn C. Pb D. Al

Cu 10. Khi nhit tng tnh dn in ca kim loi s thay i nh th no ?A. tng B. gim C. kko i D. Khng x

Cu 11.Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?A. Au B. Ag C. Cu D. Al

Cu 12.Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?A. Au B. Ag C. Cu D. Al

II. DY IN HO KIM LOI V TNH CHT HO HC CHUNG CA KIM LOI Cu 13. Tnh cht ho hc ca kim loi l

A. B oxy ho B. Tnh oxy hoC. B kh D. D nhng proton

Cu 14. Phn ng nokhngxy ra c?

A. Ni + Fe2+ Ni2+ + Fe B. Mg + Cu2+Mg2+ + CuC. Pb + 2Ag Pb

2++ 2Ag

+D. Fe + Pb

2+ Fe

2++Pb

Cu 15.Sp xp cc ion kim loi sau y theo th t tnh oxy ho tng dn, cu no sau yng?

A. Na+

< Mn2+


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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D. Fe c kh nng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3

Cu 19.Bt Cu c ln bt Zn v Al. Dng ha cht no sau y loi c tp cht?A. Dung dch Cu (NO3)2d B. Dung dch Zn (NO3)2dC. Dung dch AgNO3d D. Dung dch Mg (NO3)2d

Cu 20.Chn cu tr lisaikhi nhng thanh st vo dung dch sauA. Dung dch CuSO4: Khi lng thanh st tng

B. Dung dch HCl: Khi lng thanh st gimC. Dung dch NaOH: Khi lng thanh st khng i D. Dung dch AgNO3: Khi lng thanh st gim.

Cu 21. chuyn ho FeCl3 FeCl2ta cho vo dung dch FeCl3kim loi no sau?A. Cu B. Fe C. Ag D. A hoc B

Cu 22.Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4, nhn nh no sau y ng?A. Khng hin tng B. C kt ta xanh lamC. C kim loi Cu c sinh ra D. C si bt dd v xut hin kt ta xanh lam

Cu 23.C th dng bnh bng nhm hoc st ng dung dch axit no sau?A. d

2HCl B. H2SO4(L) C. H2SO4, ngui D. HNO3(L)

Cu 24.Phn ng no sau y ng vi tnh cht ca dung dch H2SO4 long?A. Fe + H

+ H2 + Fe

3+B. Fe + H

+ Fe

2++ H2

C. Fe+H++SO4

2-Fe

3++SO2+H2O D. Fe+H

++SO4

2-Fe

2++SO2+H2O

Cu 25. Cho 2 cp oxi ho kh Cu2+/ Cu v Ag+/ Ag; nhn nh nosai?A. Cu

2+c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Ag

+ B. Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag

C. Ag+

c th oxi ho mnh hn Cu2+ D. Cu c th b oxi ho bi Ag+

Cu 26. Ho cht dng ho tan cc kim loi: Ag, Zn, Fe, Cu lA. Dung dch AgNO3 B. Dung dch HClC. Dung dch HNO3(L) D. Dung dch HNO3 ngui

Cu 27.Dy cc kim loi phn ng vi nc nhit thng lA. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn B. Cu, Na, Rb, AlC. K, Sr, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr

Cu 28. Nhng mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng cht sau: FeCl3, AlCl3,CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2, NaCl, HNO3, H2SO4 c nng, NH4NO3. S trng hp to ra mui st (II) l:

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

Cu 29. Cht no sau y c kh nng oxy ha Fe2+ thnh Fe3+ ?A. Cu

2+B. Pb

2+C. Ag

+D. Au

Cu 30.Cho bt Cu d vo dung dch hn hp gm Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3. Cht rn thu c l :A. Cu B. Cu, Ag C. Cu, Fe, Ag D. Fe, Ag

Cu 31.C 3 ng nghimng 3 dung dch: (1) Cu(NO3)2; (2) Pb(NO3)2; (3) Zn(NO3)2. Nhng 3l km (ging ht nhau) X, Y, Z vo 3 ng th khi lng mi l km s:

A. X tng, Y gim, Z khng i. B. X gim, Y tng, Z khng i.C. X tng, Y tng, Z khng i. D. X gim, Y gim, Z khng i.

Cu 32.Khi cho Fe vo dung dch hn hp cc mui AgNO 3, Cu(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2th Fe s khcc ion kim loi theo th t sau (ion t trc s b kh trc)

A. Ag+, Pb

2+,Cu

2+B. Cu

2+, Ag

+, Pb

2+C. Pb

2+, Ag

+, Cu

2D. Ag

+,Cu

2+, Pb

2+


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Cu 33.Cho hn hp hai kim loi Al v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu c hnhp hai kim loi v dung dch ch cha mt mui. Hai kim loi v hai mui l:

A. Zn, Ag v Zn(NO3)2 B. Zn, Ag v Al(NO3)3

C. Al, Ag v Al(NO3)3 D. Al, Ag v Zn(NO3)2

Cu 34. Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt cn rc lnthu ngn ri gom li l:

A. Vi sng B. Lu hunh C. Mui n D. Ct

Cu 35. Dy gm cc kim loi tc dng c vi axit HCl gii phng H2 l:A. Mg, Fe, Au B. Hg, Cu, Ag C. Hg, Cu, Na D. Mg, Fe, Al

Cu 36. Fe tc dng c vi tt c cc cht thuc dy no sau y?A. dd CuSO4, Cl2, H2SO4c, ngui B. dd FeSO4, H2SO4 long, Cl2

C. dd FeSO4, Cl2, dd AgNO3 D. H2SO4 long, dd CuSO4, Cl2

Cu 37.Kim loi X tc dng vi dung dch HCl sinh ra kh H 2. Dn kh H2i vo ng ng oxitkim loi Y, un nng, oxit ny b kh cho kim loi Y. X v Y c th l

A. Mg v Cu B. Fe v Al C. Cu v Ag D. Ag v Fe

Cu 38.Cho kim loi X tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long ly kh H2kh oxit kim loi Y

(cc phn ng u xy ra). X v Y c th l nhng kim loi no?A. Cu v Fe B. Fe v Cu C. Cu v Ag D. Ag v Cu

III. HP KIMCu 39. Hp kim l:

A. cht rn thu c khi nung nng chy cc kim loi.B. hn hp cc kim loiC. hn hp cc kim loi hoc kim loi vi phi kim D. vt liu kim loi c cha mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc

Cu 40.Trong hp kim Al- Mg, c 9 mol Al th c 1 mol Mg. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng

ca hp kim l:A. 80% Al v 20% Mg B. 81% Al v 19% MgC. 91% Al v 9% Mg D. 83% Al v 17% Mg

Cu 41.Mt loi ng thau c cha 59,63% Cu v 40,37% Zn. Hp kim ny c cu to tinh thca hp cht ha hc gia Cu v Zn. Cng thc ha hc ca hp cht l:

A. Cu3Zn2 B. Cu2Zn3 C. CuZn2 D. Cu2Zn

IV. N MN KIM LOICu 42.Trong n mn in ha hc, xy ra:

A. s oxy ha cc dngB. S kh cc m

C. s oxy ha cc dng v s kh cc mD. s oxy ha cc m s kh cc dng

Cu 43. Cht no sau y trong kh quynkhnggy ra s n mn kim loi?A. O2 B. CO2 C. N2 D. H2O

Cu 44.Trong cc trng hp sau, trng hp no xy ra n mn ha hc:A. gang thp ngoi khng kh B. Zn trong d2 H2SO4(L) c CuSO4C. Fe tip xc Cl2 T

0cao D. Tn lp b xay xt ngoi khg kh

Cu 45. Qu trnh xy ra khi vt l hp kim ca Zn Cu ngoi khng kh m?A. n mn ha hc B. Oxi ha kim loi


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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C. n mn in ha hc D. Ha tan kim loi

Cu 46.Cho cc cp in cc Al Fe; CuFe; ZnCu tip xc dung dch cht in li th chtno ng vai tr cc m:

A. Al, Fe, Zn B. Fe, Zn, Cu B. Fe, Zn D. Al, Cu, Zn

Cu 47. Trng hp no sau y l s n mn n ha hc:A. Thp b g trong khng kh m B. Zn tan trong d2 HNO3(L)

C. Zn b ph hy trong Cl2 C. Na chy trong khng khCu 48.Cho inh st vo ng nghim cha dung dch H2SO4 long thy kh H2 thot ra. Nhthm vi git CuSO4vo ng nghim th thy:

A. lng H2thot ra t hn B. lng H2thot ra mnh hnC. tc n mn chm dn D. tc n mn khng thay i

Cu 49. hn ch s n mn ca v tu bin, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thng gn vo lngtu mt ming kim loi no sau y:

A. Na B. Cu C. Zn D. Pb

Cu 50.iu kin ca n mn in ha hc lA. Gm 2 in cc khc nhau B. Hai in cc phi tip xc nhau

C. Cp in cng tip xc vi dd in li D. c A,B,CCu 51.inh st b n mn nhanh nht khi ngm n trong dung dch no sau y?

A. HCl B. HgSO4

C. H2SO4 long D. H2SO4long, c vi git dd CuSO4

Cu 52.St ty l st trng thic. Nu trong khng kh m, lp thit b xc su ti lp st thkim loi b n mn trc l:

A. St B. C hai u b n mnC. Thic D. C hai u khng b n mn

V. IU CH KIM LOI

Cu 53.Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l:A. Oxi ha ion kim loi thnh kim loi t do B. Dng dung in 1 chiu kh ion kim loi C. Kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi t do D. Dng cht kh kh ion kim loi

Cu 54.Dng n cht c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi khc trong dung dch mui th l phng php iu ch:

A. thy luyn B. thy phn C. nhit luyn D. in phn

Cu 55.Phng php dng iu ch kim loi kim, kim th v nhm l:A. thy luyn B. nhit luyn C. in phn dd D. in phn nng chy

Cu 56.T dung dch NaCl iu ch Na ngi ta lm:A. in phn dung dch NaCl c mn ngn

B. Dng K kh Na+ thnh NaC. C cn ly mui khan ri in phn nng chyD. Chuyn NaCl thnh oxt ri dng cht kh kh Na+

Cu 67. Dy kim loi no sau y c th iu ch t oxit tng ng bng phng php nhitluyn?

A. Fe, Al, Cu B. Zn, Mg, Fe C. Fe, Mn, Ni D. Ni, Cu, Ca

Cu 58.Phn ng nhit nhm xy ra c khi Al tc dng vi dy cht no sau y t 0 cao?A. Fe3O4, CuO, Cr2O3 B. FexOy, CaO, Cr2O3 C. FeO, MgO, ZnO D. PbO, CuO, NaOH


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Cu 59.T Fe2O3 iu ch Fe bng phng php nhit luyn ngi ta c th cho Fe2O3 tcdng vi cht no sau y nhit cao?

A. H2,CO, Al, CO2 B. H2O,CO, Al, C

C. H2,CO, Al, Mg D. H2,CO2, Al, C

Cu 60. in phn dd CuSO4mt thi gian, dng qu tm nhng vo dung dch sau in phn,thy qu tm

A. ho xanh B. ho C. khng i mu D. mt mu

Cu 61.Phn ng ha hc no sau y ch thc hin bng phngphp in phn?A. Fe+CuSO4 Cu +FeSO4 B. CuSO4+NaOHCu(OH)2+ Na2SO4C. CuSO4+H2O Cu+O2+H2SO4 D. Cu + AgNO3 Ag + Cu(NO3)2

Cu 62.Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3, MgO nung nng. Khi phn ng xy rahon ton thu c cht rn gm:

A. Cu, Al, Mg B. Cu, Al, MgO

C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO

Cu 63.Dung dch X cha hn hp cc mui: NaCl, CuCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2. Kim loi u tin thotra catot khi in phn dung dch X l:

A. Cu B. Zn C. Fe D. NaPHN II: BI TP NH LNG

1) Kim loi tc dng vi phi kim Cu 1.Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi nhm to ra 26,7 gam AlCl3?

A. 21,3 gam B. 12,3 gam. C. 13,2 gam. D. 23,1 gam.

Cu 2.t chy bt Al trong bnh kh clo d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng chtrn trong bnh tng 4,26 gam. Khi lng Al phn ng l


Cu 3.Cho m gam 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu vo mt bnh kn cha 0,9 mol oxi. Nung nng bnh 1thi gian cho n khi s mol O2 trong bnh ch cn 0,865 mol v cht rn trong bnh c khi lng2,12 gam. Gi tr m dng l:


Cu 4.t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan honton vo dung dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2(cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l

A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam.

2) Kim loi tc dng vi axitCu 5.Ho tan 7,8 (g) hn hp Mg-Al bng dung dch HCl, sau phn ng thy khilng dungdch tng ln 7(g). S mol HCl tham gia phn ng l:

A. 0,8(mol) B. 0,08(mol) C. 0,4(mol) D. 0,04(mol)Cu 6.Cho 2,06 gam hn hp gm Fe, Al, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3long d thu c896ml NO duy nht (ktc). Khi lng mui khan thu c l:

A. 9,5 g B. 7,44 g C. 7,02 g D. 4,54 g

Cu 7.Cho 11(g) hn hp Al-Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 6,72(L) NOduy nht iu kin chun. Thnh phn % ca Al theo khi lng trong hn hp l:

A. 49,1% B. 50,9% C. 73,6% D. 26,4%

Cu 8.Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 rt long, sau phn ng thu c hn hp khgm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01mol NO. Gi tr ca m l:


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A. 13,5 B. 1,35 C. 8,1 D. 10,8

Cu 9.Cho 5,6(g) kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 (L) d thu c 28(g) mui sunfat.Kim loi l:

A. Mg B. Al C. Fe D. Ca

Cu 10.Ha tan 5,4(g) kim loi X trong dung dch H2SO4m c, un nng thu c duy nht6,72(L) kh SO2iu kin chun. X l:

A. Al B. Ca C. Cu D. NaCu 11. Cho 8,8(g) hn hp gm 2 kim loi 2chu k k tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi dungdch H2SO4long d cho 6,72(L) (ktc) kh H2 iu kin chun. Hai kim loi l

A. BeMg B. CaSr C. MgCa D. SrBa

Cu 12.Cho 60 gam hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong dung dch HNO3long d thu c 13,44lit kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Phn % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp l:

A. 69%. B. 96%. C. 44% D. 56%.

Cu 13.Cho 8,3 gam hn hp Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3long d th thu c 45,5gam mui nitrat khan. Th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) thot ra l:

A. 4,48 lt. B. 6,72 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,36 lt.

2) Phng php thy luynCu 14.Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200(ml) dung dch CuSO4sau khi phn ng kt thc, lyinh st ra khi dung dch, ra sch, sy kh thy inh st tng 0,8(g). Nng mol/L ca dungdch CuSO4 l:

A. 0,6M B. 0,7M C. 0,5M D. 1,5M

Cu 15.Cho mt ming st nng 20(g) vo 200(ml) dung dch CuSO 40,5M. Khi phn ng xongth khi lng ming kim loi nng bao nhiu gam:

A. 19,2(g) B. 20,8(g) C. 21,6(g) D. khng xc nh c

Cu 16.Ngm mt thanh Zn trong 100(ml)dung dch AgNO30,1M n khi AgNO3phn ng ht,

th khi lng thanh Zn so vi ban u l:A. Gim 0,755(g) B. Tng 1,08(g) C. Tng 0,755(g) D. Gim 1,08(g)

Cu 17.Nhng mt thanh Al nng 50(g) vo 400(ml) dung dch CuSO40,5M. Sau 1 thi gian lythanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38(g) khi lng Cu to thnh l:

A. 0,64(g) B. 1,38(g) C. 1,92(g) D. 2,56(g)

Cu 18.Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch cha 16(g) CuSO4. Sau khi mui phn ng ht thkhi lng ming st tng 2% khi lng ming st lc u l:

A. 80(g) B. 40(g) C. 10,8(g) D. 20(g)

Cu 19.Ngm mt vt bng Cu c khi lng 10(g) trong 250(g) dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi lyvt ra th lng AgNO3trong dung dch gim 17%. Khi lng vt sau phn ng l:

A. 10,76(g) B. 10(g) C. 0,76(g) D. 20(g)

Cu 20.Nhng mt thanh kim loi M ha tr II vo 1,12 lit dung dch CuSO4 0,2M. Sau khi phnng kt thc, khi lng thanh kim loi tng 1,344 gam v nng CuSO4cn li l 0,05M. Kimloi M l:

A. Mg B. Pb C. Fe D. Zn

3. Phng php nhit luyn


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Cu 21.Kh hon ton hn hp CuO, FeO cn 4,48(L) H2 iu kin chun. Nu kh hon tonhn hp trn bng CO th lng CO2thu cho hp th ht bng dung dch vi trong d th thuc kt ta bng:

A. 10(g) B. 20(g) C.15(g) D. 7(g)

Cu 22.un nng m(g) hn hp Fe3O4, Fe2O3vi CO. Sau 1 thi gian thu c 5,6(L) ktc khCO2 iu kin chun v 47(g) cht rn. Gi tr m bng:

A. 54(g) B. 43(g) C. 51(g) D. 40(g)

Cu 23. kh 45 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3, Fe v MgO cn dng 8,4 litCO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l:

A. 39 g B. 38 g C. 24 g D. 42 g

Cu 24. kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO v ZnO cn 2,24 lit H2(ktc). Nu em hn hpkim loi thu c cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl th th tch H2thu c l :


Cu 25.Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (H = 100%) hn hp 40(g) Fe 2O3 v 10,8(g) Al. Sau khiphn ng xong lng Fe thu c l:

A. 11,2(g) B. 33,6(g) C. 22,4(g) D. 16,8(g)

. Phng php in phnCu 26. in phn nng chy mui clorua ca mt KL kim mt thi gian thu c 0,896(L) kh(kc) anot v 3,12(g) kim loi catot. Cng thc ca mui l:

A. NaCl B. LiCl C. RbCl D. KCl

Cu 27.Cho dng in I = 5A qua dd KCl khi ngng in phn anot thu c 3,36 lit kh (kc).Bit sau khi in phn gm 2 cht tan, thi gian in phn l:

A. 5970s B. 5790s C. 2985s D. 2895s

Cu 28.in phn hon ton dung dch CuCl2vi dng in I = 9,65A trong thi gian 40 giy.Khi lng Cu thu c:

A. 12,8(g) B. 2,18(g) C. 1,28(g) D. 0,128(g)Cu 29. in phn nng chy hon ton 1,9 (g) mui clorua mt kim loi ho tr II thu c0,48(g) kim loi catot. Kim loi cho l:

A. Ca B. Mg C. Ca D. Cu

Cu 30.in phn 400 ml dung dch CuSO40,2M vi cng dng in 10 A trong mt thigian thu c 0,224 lit kh (ktc) anot. Bit in cc dng l in cc tr v H=100%. Khilng catot tng l:

A. 1,28 g B. 0,32 g C. 0,64 g D. 3,2 g


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Chng . KIM LOI KIM - KIM LOI KIM TH - NHM

A. KIM LOI KIMI. CU TO NGUYN T: C 1e lp ngoi cng : ns1; mng tinh th lp phngtm khi.

II. TNH CHT VT L

- Khi lng ring nh.-Nhit (to) nng chy thp.- cng thp ( c th dng dao ct )- dn in cao.

III. TNH CHT HO HC: Tnh kh mnh hay d b oxi ho: M 1e M+(nng lng ionha nh)

1. Vi phi kima. O2 : 4M + O2(kk) 2M2O; 2M + O2(nc) M2O2 (peroxit)b. Cl2 : 2M + Cl2 2MCl

2. Vi H2O : c trng: M + H2O MOH +2

1H2

3. Vi axit: tc dng mnh lit: M + 2H+ M+ + H2

IV. IU CHin phn nng chy mui halogenua hoc hidroxit ca kim loi kim .

catot (-) anot (+)

2NaCl Na + Cl24NaOH 4Na + O2 + H2O

V. HP CHT QUANG TRNG CA NATRI1. NaOH: xt n da.

2. Mui hirocacbonat- cacbonatB. KIM LOI KIM THI. CU TO NGUYN T : C 2e lp ngoi cng ns2, mng tinh th ca chng khng gingnhau

II. TNH CHT VT L Khi lng ring tng i nh, nh hn Al, tr Ba._ t

osi, t

onng chy cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn tng i thp tr Be.

cng tuy cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn tng i thp.

III. TNH CHT HO HCKh mnh (d b oxi ho) : M M2+ + 2e

1. Vi phi kim2M + O2 2MO; M + Cl2 MCl2

2. Vi axta. HCl, H2SO4 (l): kim loi ny kh ion H

+thnh H2

Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2

b. HNO3, H2SO4: kh5

N

,6

S

thnh cc hp cht mc oxi ho thp hn.


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4Ca + 10HNO3(l) 4Ca(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2OMg + 4HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

3. Tc dng vi nc : Be khng tc dng.Mg kh chm : Mg +2H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2

ngn cn phn ngCa, Sr, Ba tc dng vi nc mnh mCa +2H

2O Ca(OH)

2+ H

2

IV. IU CH: in phn nng chy mui halogenua.CaCl2 Ca + Cl2

catot () anot (+)

V. HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA CANXI1. CaO - Canxi oxit: Vi sng.

Tc dng vi nc, ta nhit : CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 t tan. Vi axit : CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O Vi oxit axit : CaO + CO2 CaCO3 (hin tng vi cht)

2. Ca(OH)2

- Canxi hidroxit : Vi ti t tan trong nc : Ca(OH)2 Ca

2++ 2OH

Vi axt : Ca(OH)2+ 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O Vi oxit axit : Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O (1)

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 (2)T l tng t phn ng vi NaOH. (xt T = nOH : nCO

2)

Vi d2mui : Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH

3. Canxi cacbonatCa(HCO3)2 : Canxi hidro cacbonat CaCO3 : Canxi cacbonat

Vi nc Tan Ca(HCO3)2 Ca2+

+ 2HCO 3 khng tan

Vi baz mnh Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 +2H2O

khng phn ng

Nhit phn Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2OCaCO3 CaO+CO2

CaCO3 CaO+CO2

Vi axit mnh Ca(HCO3)2+2HClCaCl2+2CO2+2H2Olng tnh

CaCO3+2HClCaCl2+CO2+H2O

Ca2+

+ CO 23

CaCO33Ca

2++ 2PO4

3- Ca3(PO4)2

Khng

CaCO3

+ CO2

+ H2O Ca(HCO

3)

2

khng tan tan

=> gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong hang ng.

VI. NC CNG

1. nh ngha : Cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+gi l nc cng.

2. Phn loi : - Tnh cng tm thi : Mg(HCO3)2, Ca(HCO3)2- Tnh cng vnh cu : MgCl2, CaCl2, MgSO4, CaSO4- Tnh cng ton phn: c 2 loi trn

trng


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3. Cch lm mm nc : gim nng Ca2+, Mg2+

PP kt ta PP trao iion

un si Ca(OH)2 Na2CO3, Na3PO4 Nha cationitLoi tnhcng

Tm thi Tm thi Tm thiVnh cu

Tm thiVnh cu

Phngtrnh hahc

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO + CO2 + H2O

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + CO2 +H2O

Mg(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 MgCO3 + CaCO3

+ CO2 + H2O

CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 +Na2SO4

Ca(HCO3)2 +

Na2CO3CaCO3 +2NaHCO3

cho nc cngqua cht traoi cationit,ion Ca

2+, Mg

2+

b gi li.

PHN I: BI TP NH TNHCu 1.Pht biu no sau ykhng ng v kim loi kim?

A. tonng chy, tosi thp B. Khi lng ring nh, cng thp.

C. dn in dn to

thp. D. Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ns1

Cu 2.Cu hnh e ca ion Na+ging cu hnh e ca ion hoc nguyn t no trong y sau y?

A. Mg2+

, Al3+

, Ne B. Mg2+

, F, Ar

C. Ca2+

, Al3+

, Ne D. Mg2+

, Al3+

, Cl

Cu 3.Kim loi kim c cu to mng tinh th kiu no sau y ?A. Lp phng tm din B. Lp phng tm khiC. Lc gic D. Khng xc nh

Cu 4.c im no sau ykhngphi l c im chung ca kim loi kim?A. S e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B. S oxy ha nguyn t trong hp cht C. Cu to mng tinh th ca n cht D. Bn knh nguyn t

Cu 5.in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn, ti khu vc gn in cc catot, nu nhng qutm vo khu vc th

A. Qu khng i mu B. Qu chuyn sang mu xanhC. Qu chuyn sang mu D. Qu chuyn sang mu hng

Cu 6. Dung dch NaOHkhngtc dng vi mui no sau y ? A. NaHCO3 B. Na2CO3 C. CuSO4 D. NaHSO4

Cu 7. Cho CO2tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (t l mol 1:2), nhng qu tm vo dd sau phnng thy qu tm

A. ha xanh B. ha C. khng i mu D. khng xc nh

Cu 8.Nguyn t c nng lng ion ha nh nht l:A. Li B. Na C. K D. Cs

Cu 9.Cho Na vo dung dch CuCl2hin tng quan st c l :A. Si bt kh B. Xut hin xanh lamC. Xut hin xanh lc D. Si bt kh v xut hin xanh lam

Cu 10. Kim loi no tc dng 4 dung dch : FeSO4, Pb(NO3)2, CuCl2, AgNO3A. Sn B. Cu C. Ni D. Na

Cu 11.ng dng no sau ykhngphi ca kim loi kim ?


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A. To hp kim c nhit nng chy thp.B. Na, K dng lm cht trao i nhit l phn ng ht nhn. C. Xt tc phn ng hu c.D. Dng iu ch Al trong cng nghip hin nay.

Cu 12.Cng dng no sau ykhngphi ca NaCl ?A. Lm gia v B. iu ch Cl2, HCl, nc Gia-venC. Kh chua cho t D. Lm dch truyn trong y t

Cu 13. C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht khA. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2. B. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2.

C. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2. D. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2.

Cu 14. Cho s phn ng: NaCl (X) NaHCO3 (Y) NaNO3. X v Y c th lA. NaOH v NaClO. B. Na2CO3 v NaClO.

C. NaClO3 v Na2CO3. D. NaOH v Na2CO3.

Cu 15.Phn ng c trng nht ca kim loi kim l phn ng no sau y ?A. Kim loi kim tc dng vi nc B. Kim loi kim tc dng vi oxiC. Kim loi kim tc dng vi dung dch axit D. Kim loi kim tc dng vi dd mui

Cu 16.Pht biu no sau ysaikhi ni v ng dng ca Ca(OH)2 ?A. iu ch nc Gia-ven trong cng nghip. B. Ch to vi va xy nhC. Kh chua t trng trt D. Ch to clorua vi l cht ty, st trng

Cu 17. Thnh phn ha hc ca thch cao sng lA. CaSO4.2H2O B. CaSO4.H2O hoc CaSO4.0,5H2OC. CaSO4 D. Ca(H2PO4)2.CaSO4.2H2O

Cu 18. Cc pht biu sau v kim loi IIA :1. Kim loi IIA c tnh kh mnh nht2. u c cng v nhit nng chy thp. 3. Bn knh nguyn t ln hn so IA cng chu k4. Nng lng ion ha thp (nhng cao hn so IA cng chu k).5. S e ngoi cng t, 1 hay 2 e

Cc pht biukhng ng:A. 1, 3, 5 B. 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 1, 2, 5.

Cu 19.T Be n Ba c kt lun no sausai ?A. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn. B. to nng chy tng dn.C. iu c 2e lp ngoi cng. D. Tnh kh tng dn.

Cu 20.Kim loi no sau ykhngphn ng vi nc nhit thng ?A. Be B. Ba C. Ca D. Sr

Cu 21.Cng dng no sau ykhngphi ca CaCO3 ?A. Lm vi qut tng B. Lm vt liu xy dngC. Sn xut ximng D. Sn xut bt nh pha sn

Cu 22.Hin tng no xy ra khi thi t t kh CO2vo nc vi trong :A. Si bt dung dch B. Dd trong sut t u n cui C. C trng sau tan D. Dd trong sut sau c

Cu 23.Dung dch Ca(OH)2phn ng vi dy cht no sau y ?A. BaCl2, Na2CO3, Al B. CO2, Na2CO3, Ca(HCO3)2

C. NaCl, Na2CO3, Ca(HCO3)2 D.NaHCO3,NH4NO3, MgCO3


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Cu 24.Phng trnh no sau y gii thch hin tng vi cht ?A. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O B.Ca(OH)2+K2CO3CaCO3+2KOHC. CaO + CO2 CaCO3 D.Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+ CO2 + H2O

Cu 25.C ba cht rn: CaO, MgO, Al2O3dng hp cht no phn bit chng ?A. HNO3 B. H2O C. d

2NaOH D. HCl

Cu 26. Cho cc cht Ca, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaO. Hy chn dy no sau y c th thc hin

c:A. Ca CaCO3 Ca(OH)2 CaO B. Ca CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3C. CaCO3 Ca CaO Ca(OH)2 D. CaCO3 Ca(OH)2 CaO Ca

Cu 27.Trong mt cc c a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol HCO3-. Biu thc lin h

gia a,b,c,d l:A. a + b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 3a + 3b = c + d D. 2a+b=c+ d

Cu 28.Phn ng phn hy vi l phn ng thu nhit theo phng trnh :

CaCO3 0t CaO + CO2. Yu t no sau y lm gim hiu sut phn ng:

A. Tng to B. Gim nng CO2 C. Nghin nh CaCO3 D. Tng p sut

Cu 28.Nc cng l nc :A. Cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ B. Cha t Ca2+, Mg2+C. Khng cha Ca2+, Mg2+ D. Cha nhiu Na+, HCO

3

Cu 30.Mt loi nc cha nhiu Ca(HCO3)2, NaHCO3 l :A. NCTT B. TCVC C. nc mm D. NCTP

Cu 31. lm mm NCTT dng cch no sau :A. un si B. Cho d2 Ca(OH)2 va C. Cho nc cng qua cht trao i cationit D. C A, B v C

Cu 32. Dng dd Na2CO3c th loi c nc cng no ?A. NCTT B. NCVC C. NCTP D. Khng loi c

Cu 33. S dng nc cng khng gy nhng tc hai no sau :A. ng cn ni hi gy nguy him B.Tn nhin liu, gim hng v thucC. Hao tn cht git ra tng hp D. Tc ng dn nc nng

Cu 34.Gc axit no sau y c th lm mm nc cng?A. NO3

-B. SO4

2-C. ClO4

-D. PO4

3-

Cu 35. Cho 4 cc ng ring bit cc cht sau: nc ct, NCTT, NCVC, NCTP. Ch dng cchun nng v dung dch Na2CO3c th nhn ra c cht no?

A. NCTT B. nc ct v NCTT C. NCTT, NCVC D. c 4 cc trn

Cu 36.Cho dy cc cht: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2, AlCl3. S cht trong dy tc

dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2to thnh kt ta lA. 5. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.

Cu 37. Cho dy cc cht: KOH, Ca(NO3)2, SO3, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, K2SO4. S cht trong dy tothnh kt ta khi phn ng vi dung dch BaCl2 l

A. 4. B. 6. C. 3. D. 2.

Cu 38. Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cccht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:

A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.

C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.


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Cu 39.T hai mui X v Y thc hin cc phn ng sau:X X1 + CO2 X1 + H2O X2X2 + Y X + Y1 +H2O X2 + 2Y X + Y2 + H2O

Hai mui X, Y tng ng lA. CaCO3, NaHSO4. B. BaCO3, Na2CO3.

C. CaCO3, NaHCO3. D. MgCO3, NaHCO3

Cu 40. Cho s phn ng:Mg(OH)2 X MgCO3 Y Z Mg. X, Y, Z ln lt ph hp:A. Mg(NO3)2, MgCl2, MgSO4 B. MgO, MgCl2, MgSO4.

C. MgSO4, MgO, MgCl2 D. MgBr2, MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2.

Cu 41. Cho s phn ng:Ca X Ca(OH)2YCaCO3 Z CaX, Y, Z ln lt l:A. Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2, Ca(OH)2 B. CaO, CaCl2, CaSO4

C. CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2 D. CaO, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCl2

Cu 42. Cho Ba vo dung dch (NH4)2SO4 sau phn ng s thu c:

A. BaSO4, H2, NH3 B. Ba(OH)2, NH3, (NH4)2SO4.C. BaSO4, Ba(OH)2, H2 D. (NH4)2SO4, Ba(OH)2, NH3, H2.

Cu 43. Cho Ba vo dung dch Na2CO3 s thy hin tng:A. Si bt kh B. Ba tan vo dung dch.C. C kt ta trng. D. Ba tan, si bt kh, c kt ta trng.

Cu 44. Cho Ba vo ln lt cc dung dch: NH4Cl (1), Na2CO3 (2), K2SO4 (3), AlCl3 (4),Mg(NO3)2 (5), KOH (6) s thy hin tng kt ta :

A. 2, 3, 5 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 2, 3, 4, 5 D. 3, 4, 5.

Cu 45. Cho HCl vo ln lt cc cht, dung dch sau: BaO (1), CaCO3 (2), Ca(HCO3)2 (3),CaSO4 (4), Mg(OH)2 (5), Ca (6). C kh thot ra cc trng hp:

A. 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 5 C. 1, 2, 6 D. 2, 3, 6.

Cu 46. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ha tan ht hn hp rn:A. Na, K, Ca B. Zn, Al, Fe C. Al, K, Fe D. Ba, Li, Cu

Cu 47. Dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. Hin tng quan st c:A. C kt ta B. c kt ta ri tan, sau li xut hin kt ta. C. C kt ta sau kt ta tan. D. Phi rt lu mi c kt ta, kt ta khng tan.

Cu 48. Cho s iu ch kim loi Ba sau:BaO X Y Ba. X, Y ph hp ln lt cc cht:A. BaCl2, BaSO4 B. Ba(OH)2, BaCl2 C. Ba(NO3)2, BaCl2 D. BaSO4, BaCl2.

Cu 49. in phn dung dch skhng iu ch c cc kim loiA. Mg, Ca, Fe B. Ba, Mg, Zn C. Ca, Ba, Mg D. Mg, Be, Cu.

Cu 50. Thuc th phn bit cc kim loi ring bit Al, Ba, Fe lA. dd NaOH B. dd HCl C. H2O D. dd HNO3 c

Cu 51. lm mt cng tm thi ca nc c th dng;A. Ca(OH)2, HCl B. Na2CO3, NaHCO3 C. Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 D. KOH, KCl.

Cu 52. Mt loi nc cha 0,01 mol Na+; 0,02 mol Ca2+; 0,01 mol Mg2+; 0,05 mol HCO3- v

0,02 mol Cl-. un nc trn hi lu thu c

A. Nc cng tm thi B. Nc mm.


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C. Nc cng vnh cu D. Nc cng ton phn.

PHN II: BI TP NH LNG1) Tm kim loi kim, kim th

Cu 1.Ho tan 4,6 (g) mt kim loi bng dung dch HCl sau phn ng, c cn d2thu c 11,7(g) mui khan. Tm kim loi :

A. K B. Li C. Na D. Cs

Cu 2. Ho tan 13,92 (g) hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k k tip vo nc thu c 5,376 (l) ktc. Hai kim loi lA. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Cs D. Cs, Rb

Cu 3.in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M. catot thu c 6 gam kim loi v anot c 3,36 lit kh (ktc) thot ra. Mui clorua l:

A. NaCl B. KCl C. BaCl2 D. CaCl2

Cu 4.Oxy ha mt kim loai M ha tr II thnh oxit phi dng mt lng oxi bng 40% lng kimloi dng. Kim loi M l;

A. Zn B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba

Cu 5.Cho 4,4 (g) hn hp hai kim loi nhm IIA k cn nhau tc dng vi dung dch HCl d ththu c 3,36 (lit) H2kc. Hai kim loi l :

A. Ca, Sr B. Be, Mg C. Mg, Ca D. Sr, Ba

Cu 6.Cho 8 gam hn hp gm kim loi kim th v oxit ca n tc dng va vi 1 lit dungdch HCl 0,5M. Kim loi l:

A. Ba B. Mg C. Ca D. Sr

2. Phn ng ca mui cacbonata) Nhit phn

Cu 7.Nung 100 (g) hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3n khi lng khng i c 69 (g) chtrn. % khi lng Na2CO3 trong X l :

A. 16 % B. 84 % C. 31 % D. 73 %Cu 8.Nung hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA ti khi lngkhng i thu c 2,24 lit CO2(ktc) v 4,64 g hn hp hai oxit. Hai kim loi l:

A. Mg- Ca B. Be- Mg C. Ca- Sr D. Sr- Ba

Cu 9.Nhit phn hon ton hn hp X gm (CaCO3, Na2CO3) c 11,6 (g) cht rn v 2,24 (lkh kc. % khi lng CaCO3trong X l :

A. 6,25 % B. 52.6 % C. 25,6 % D. 62,5 %

Cu 10.Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam chtrn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng muikhan thu c sau phn ng l

A. 5,8 gam. B. 6,5 gam. C. 4,2 gam. D. 6,3 gam.b)Phn ng vi cht khc

Cu 11. Cho 8,9 (g) hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k k tip tcdng vi HCl thu c 2,24 (l) kh kc. Hai kim loi l :

A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Cs D. Cs, Rb

Cu 12.Cho 8,9 (g) hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k k tip tcdng vi HCl thu c 2,24 (l) kh ktc. Khi lng hai mui khan sinh ra l :

A. 10 (g) B. 20 (g) C. 30 (g) D. 40 (g)


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Cu 13.Cho 3.38 (g) hn hp mui cacbonat v hidro cacbonat ca kim loi kim, sau thmd

2HCl d vo hn hp thu c 0,672 (l) kh ktc. Kim loi kim l :

A. Li B. K C. Na D. Cs

Cu 14.Cho 0,1 mol hn hp Na2CO3 v NaHCO3tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl. Dn kh thotra vo dung dch Ca(OH)2d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:

A. 8 g B. 9 g C. 10 g D. 11 g

Cu 15. Cho 6,26 gam hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch HNO30,5M. % khi lng Na2CO3 trong X l :A. 15,32 % B. 33,86 % C. 66,14 % D. 45,17 %

Cu 16.Cho 12,2 (g) hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2sau phnng thu c 19,7 (g) kt ta. Phn trm s mol Na2CO3trong hn hp l :

A. 50 % B. 40 % C. 60 % D. 55,6 %

Cu 17.Ho tan hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi ho tr II trong dung dch HCl thu c 10,08(l) kh kc. C cn dung dch sau phn c mui khan tngbao nhiu gam so vi hn hp banu

A. 1,95 (g) B. 4,95 (g) C. 2,95 (g) D. 3,95 (g)

Cu 18.Ha tan hon ton 26,8 gam hn hp MCO3 v M/CO3vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra Vlit kh (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c 30,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l:

A. 1,12 B. 1,68 C. 2,24 D. 3,36

Cu 19.Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp XCO3 v Y2CO3vo dung dch HCl d thy thot r4,48 lit kh (ktc). Khi lng mui sinh ra trong dung dch l:

A. 21,4 g B. 22,2 g C. 23,4 g D. 25,2 g

Cu 20.Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2d vo 500ml dung dch hn hp gm NaHCO3 1,0M v Na2CO0,5M. Khi lng kt ta thu c l:

A. 147,75 g B. 246,25 g C. 145,75 g D. 154,75 g

Cu 21. Ha tan 23,9 gam hn hp bt BaCO3 v MgCO3 trong nc cn 3,36 lit CO2 (ktc)Thnh phn khi lng BaCO3trong hn hp l:A. 82,4 % B. 17,6 % C. 81,3 % D. 15,7%

Cu 22. Thm t t tng git dung dch cha 0,07 mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,06 molNa2CO3. Th tch kh CO2(ktc) thu c bng:

A. 0,784 lt. B. 0,560 lt. C. 0,224 lt. D. 1,344 lt.

Cu 23.Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO42M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l

A. 150 ml B. 60 ml C. 75 ml D. 30 ml

c) CO2tc dng vi bazCu 24. Cho 22, 4 (lit) CO2kc tc dng vi dung dch cha 60 (g) NaOH. Khi lng mui thuc l :

A. 10,6 g Na2CO3 B. 12,6 g NaHCO3

C. 4,2 g Na2CO3 v 5,3 g NaHCO3 D. 5,3 g Na2CO3 v 4,2 g NaHCO3

Cu 25. Cho 2,24 (l) CO2kc vo hai (l) dung dch Ca(OH)2thu c 6 (g) . Nng mol/l cadung dch Ca(OH)2 l :

A. 0,004 M B. 0,002 M C. 0,006 M D. 0,008 M

Cu 26. Cho V (l) CO2(ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dd Ca(OH)20,7 M, thu c 4 (g) . V bng


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A. 0,896 (l) B. 1,568 (l) hoc 0,896 (l) C. 0,896 (l) h 2,24 (l) D. 2,24 (l)

Cu 27.Hp thu hon ton 0,224 (l) CO2(kc) vo 2 lit dd Ca(OH)20,01M ta thu c m (g) . Mbng :

A. 1 (g) B. 1,5 (g) C. 2 (g) D. 2,5 (g)

Cu 28.Trng hp no sau y ta s thu c 2 mui :A. 2,24 (l) CO2(kc) + 500 (ml) d

2NaOH 0,2M

B. 2,24 (l) CO2(kc) + 750 (ml) d

2

NaOH 0,2MC. 2,24 (l) CO2(kc) + 1000 (ml) d2

NaOH 0,2M

D. 2,24 (l) CO2(kc) + 1500 (ml) d2

NaOH 0,2M

Cu 29. Cho V (l) CO2kc vo 300 (ml) dd Ca(OH)21M sau phnng thu c 25 (g). V bng :A. 5,6 (l) B. 5,6 (l) hoc 6,72 (l) C. 5,6 (l) hoc 7,84 (l) D. 5,6 (l) hoc 8,96 (l)

Cu 30.Cho 10 (l) hn hp (ktc) kh N2 v CO2 qua 2 (l) d2

Ca(OH)20,02 M thu c 1 (g) . %th tch CO2trong hn hp l :

A. 15,68% hay 2,24% B. 84,32% hay 2,24% C. 15,68% D. 2,24%

Cu 31. Cho V lit CO2(ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. Lc tch kt ta, un nng dung dch cn ln hon ton thu c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr V bng:


Cu 32. Cho 5,6 lit CO2(ktc) hp th hon ton vo 1 lit dung dch NaOH 0,6M, s mol cccht trong dung dch sau phn ng l

A. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaHCO3. B. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH.

C. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH. D. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,5 mol NaHCO3.

C. NHMI. CU TO NGUYN T: Al : [Ne] 3s2 3p1. Mng tinh th: lp phng tm din

II. TNH CHT VT L: L kim loi nh, dn in, dn nhit tt, d dt mng, cng thp

III. HA TNHTnh kh mnh (d b oxi ha): Al Al3++ 3e

1. Vi phi kim: 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3(lp bo v bn, ngn cn phn ng)2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3

2. Vi axta. HCl, H2SO4 (long):Nhm kh H

+thnh H2: 2Al + 6H

+ 2Al

3++ 3H2

b. H2SO4, HNO3-Nhm th ng trong 2 axt ny trng thi c ngui.- Kh S+6 , N+5 xung mc oxi ha thp hn.

Al + 6HNO3 Al(NO

3)3

+ 3NO2

+ 3H2O

Al + HNO3(L) (NO, N2O, N2, NH3, NH4NO3)

3. Vi nc:Phn ng xy ra trn b mt thanh nhm to Al(OH) 3khng tan ngn cn phnngvt liu bng nhm khng phn ng vi nc.

2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

4. Vi dd mui:2Al + 3FeCl2 3Fe+ 2AlCl3

5. Phn ng nhit nhm:Vi oxt ca kim loi c tnh kh TB v yu: CuO, Cr2O3, FexOy ...2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe

. Vi dd kim


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Ti liu Ha hc 12

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Lp bo v b ph hy: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1)2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (2)Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2 H2O (3)

(2), (3) lp li nhiu ln 2Al + 2NaOH + H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2IV. IU CH NHM: Gm 3 giai on:*Giai on 1:lm sch qung boxit ln Fe2O3 .SiO2*Giai on 2:Chun b cht in ly nng chy: criolit 3NaF. AlF

3nhm:

+ Gim nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 (20500C 900

0C), tit kim nng lng+ Cht lng dn in tt+ Nh, ni ln ngn cn nhm nng chy tc dng vi khng kh

*Giai on 3:pnc Al2O3 : 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2Catot anot

V. HP CHT CA NHM1. Al2O3 (nhm oxit)- L cht rn mu trng, khng tan.- Bn nhit- L cht lng tnh (t/d vt axit mnh v bazo mnh)

Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O

2. Al(OH)3 (nhm hiroxit)a. iu ch:

* T Al3+:

Tai Lieu Hoa Hoc 12

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