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Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 2.0 OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................... 1 3.0 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................... 2

3.1 BIOPHYSICAL SETTING...................................................................................... 3 3.1.1 Ecoregion Classification ............................................................................ 3 3.1.2 Physiographic Regions and Bedrock Geology .......................................... 3 3.1.3 Surficial Geology, Landforms and Soils..................................................... 4

3.2 BIOGEOCLIMATIC SETTING ............................................................................... 5 3.2.1 ESSFmvp1................................................................................................. 6 3.3.2 ESSFmv1................................................................................................... 6 3.3.3 SBSmc2..................................................................................................... 7 3.3.4 SBSmc3..................................................................................................... 7 3.3.5 SBPSmc .................................................................................................... 8 3.3.6 SBSdk........................................................................................................ 8 3.3.7 SBSdw3..................................................................................................... 8

4.0 METHODS ........................................................................................................................ 9

4.1 PRE-STRATIFICATION OF BIOTERRAIN ........................................................... 9 4.2 SAMPLING............................................................................................................ 9 4.3 BIOTERRAIN UNIT MAPPING.............................................................................. 9 4.4 WORKING LEGEND ........................................................................................... 11 4.5 DATA ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 11 4.6 EXPANDED LEGEND DEVELOPMENT............................................................. 11 4.7 ECOSYSTEM UNIT MAPPING ........................................................................... 11

4.7.1 Structural Stages ..................................................................................... 13 5.0 DATABASES................................................................................................................... 14

5.1 BIOTERRAIN AND ECOSYSTEM DATABASES................................................ 14 6.0 RESULTS........................................................................................................................ 14

6.1 SAMPLING AND SURVEY INTENSITY.............................................................. 14 6.2 CORRELATION TO MOF BIOGEOCLIMATIC AND SITE SERIES UNITS ........ 17 6.3 BIOTERRAIN AND ECOSYSTEM DATABASES................................................ 17 6.4 PLANT INVENTORY........................................................................................... 17 6.5 RARE ECOSYSTEMS AND RARE PLANTS ...................................................... 17

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6.6 EXPANDED LEGEND......................................................................................... 17 ESSFmvl/01......................................................................................................... 18

FR - Bl - Rhododendron - Feathermoss .................................................. 18 ESSFmv1/02 19

LC - Pl - Huckleberry - Cladina ................................................................ 19 ESSFmv1/03 ....................................................................................................... 20

FF - Bl - Huckleberry - Feathermoss ....................................................... 20 ESSFmv1/00 ....................................................................................................... 21

SF-Sxw-Scrub birch -Feathermoss......................................................... 21 ESSFmv1/04 ....................................................................................................... 22

FG - Bl - Huckleberry - Gooseberry ......................................................... 22 ESSFmv1/00 ....................................................................................................... 23

LF-Pl-Feathermoss.................................................................................. 23 ESSFmv1/05 ....................................................................................................... 24

FH - Bl - Horsetail - Glow Moss ............................................................... 24 ESSFmv1/00 ....................................................................................................... 25

ES-Englemann spruce-Step moss........................................................... 25 ESSFmv1/00 ....................................................................................................... 26

SE-Sedge wetland................................................................................... 26 SBSmc3/01 ......................................................................................................... 27

SB-Sxw - Black Huckleberry; typic .......................................................... 27 SBSmc3/02 ......................................................................................................... 28

LJ - Pl - Juniper - Dwarf Blueberry; typic to upper and crests ................. 28 SBSmc3/03 ......................................................................................................... 29

LF - Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina; typic ..................................................... 29 SBSmc3/04 ......................................................................................................... 30

SS - Sxw - Huckleberry-Soopolallie; typic ............................................... 30 SBSmc3/05 ......................................................................................................... 31

BH - Sb - Huckleberry - Spirea; typic....................................................... 31 SBSmc3/06 ......................................................................................................... 32

BF - SbPl - Feathermoss; typic................................................................ 32 SBSmc3/07 ......................................................................................................... 33

ST - Sxw - Twinberry ............................................................................... 33 SBSmc3/08 ......................................................................................................... 34

SH - Sxw - Horsetail; typic ....................................................................... 34

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SBSmc3/09 ......................................................................................................... 35 BB-SbSxw-Scrub Birch-Sedge; typic....................................................... 35

SBSmc3/00 ......................................................................................................... 36 SW-Scrub birch-Willow carr..................................................................... 36

SBPSmc3/00 ....................................................................................................... 37 WS - Willow - Sedge wetland .................................................................. 37

SBSmc3/00 ......................................................................................................... 38 SE-Sedge wetland................................................................................... 38

SBPSmc/00 ......................................................................................................... 39 TC-Lodgepole pine - Cladinia .................................................................. 39

SBPSmc/01 ......................................................................................................... 40 LF-Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina................................................................. 40

SBPSmc/02 ......................................................................................................... 41 LC-Pl - Kinnikinnick - Cladina .................................................................. 41

SBPSmc/03 ......................................................................................................... 42 BF-SbPl - feathermoss ............................................................................ 42

SBPSmc/04 ......................................................................................................... 43 SB-Sxw - scrub brich - feathermoss ........................................................ 43

SBPSmc/05 ......................................................................................................... 44 SO-Sxw - horsetail................................................................................... 44

SBPSmc/06 ......................................................................................................... 45 SH-Sxw - Horsetail - Glow moss ............................................................. 45

SBPSmc/07 ......................................................................................................... 46 BB - Sb - Scrub birch-Sedge ................................................................... 46

SBPSmc/00 ......................................................................................................... 47 CD - Act - Dogwood - Prickly rose ........................................................... 47

SBPSmc/00 ......................................................................................................... 48 SW-Scrub birch-Willow carr..................................................................... 48

SBPSmc/00 ......................................................................................................... 49 SE-Sedge wetland................................................................................... 49

ESSFmvpl/00....................................................................................................... 50 JC-Se-Juniper-Cladina ............................................................................ 50

ESSFmvpl/00....................................................................................................... 51 BM-Bl-Mountain heather.......................................................................... 51

ESSFmvp1/00 ..................................................................................................... 52 SS-Bl-Black huckleberry-Sitka valerian ................................................... 52

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SBSdw3/01.......................................................................................................... 53 SP-SxwFd - Pinegrass............................................................................. 53

SBSdw3/02.......................................................................................................... 54 DC-FdPl-Cladonia.................................................................................... 54

SBSdw3/04.......................................................................................................... 55 SR - Sxwd - Ricegrass............................................................................. 55

SBSdw3/05.......................................................................................................... 56 BF-PlSb-Feathermoss ............................................................................. 56

SBSdw3/06.......................................................................................................... 57 SS - Sxw-Pink spirea - Prickly rose ......................................................... 57

SBSdw3/07.......................................................................................................... 58 ST-Sxw-Twinberry ................................................................................... 58

SBSdw3/08.......................................................................................................... 59 SO-Sxw-Twinberry................................................................................... 59

SBSdw3/09.......................................................................................................... 60 SH-Sxw-Horsetail-Glow moss ................................................................. 60

SBSdw/10............................................................................................................ 61 BS-Sb - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum.................................................. 61

SBSmc2/01 ......................................................................................................... 62 SB-Sxw-Black huckleberry ...................................................................... 62

SBSmc2/02 ......................................................................................................... 63 PH- Pl -Huckleberry -Cladonia................................................................. 63

SBSmc2/03 ......................................................................................................... 64 BM-SbPl-Feathermoss ............................................................................ 64

SBSmc2/04 ......................................................................................................... 65 HB-Sxw-Huckleberry-Dwarf blueberry..................................................... 65

SBSmc2/05 ......................................................................................................... 66 TC-Sxw-Twinberry-Coltsfoot.................................................................... 66

SBSmc2/06 ......................................................................................................... 67 SO-Sxw-Oak fern..................................................................................... 67

SBSmc2/07 ......................................................................................................... 68 BF-Sxw-Scrub birch-Feathermoss........................................................... 68

SBSmc2/08 ......................................................................................................... 69 ST-Sxw-Twinberry-Oak fern .................................................................... 69

SBSmc2/11 ......................................................................................................... 70 HG-Sxw-Horsetail-Glowmoss .................................................................. 70

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SBSmc2/12 ......................................................................................................... 71 SS-SbSxw-Scrub birch-Sedge................................................................. 71

SBSmc2/00 ......................................................................................................... 72 SE-Sedge wetland................................................................................... 72

SBSdk/01 ............................................................................................................ 73 SP-Sxw - Spirea - Purple peavine ........................................................... 73

SBSdk/02 ............................................................................................................ 74 LJ-Pl - Juniper - Ricegrass ...................................................................... 74

SBSdk/03 ............................................................................................................ 75 LC-Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina ................................................................ 75

SBSdk/04 ............................................................................................................ 76 DS-Fd - Soopoloallie - Feathermoss ....................................................... 76

SBSdk/82 ............................................................................................................ 77 BW-Bluegrass - Slender wheatgrass....................................................... 77

SBSdk/05 ............................................................................................................ 78 SF-Sxw - Spirea - Feathermoss .............................................................. 78

SBSdk/06 ............................................................................................................ 79 ST-Sxw - Twinberry - Coltsfoot................................................................ 79

SBSdk/00 ............................................................................................................ 80 BF-SbPl - Feathermoss ........................................................................... 80

SBSdk/07 ............................................................................................................ 81 SH-Sxw - Horsetail .................................................................................. 81

SBSdk/08 ............................................................................................................ 82 CD-Act - Dogwood - Prickly rose ............................................................. 82

SBSdk/09 ............................................................................................................ 83 BS-Sb - Creeping-snowberry - Sphagnum .............................................. 83

SBSdk/10 ............................................................................................................ 84 SS-Sb - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum.................................................. 84

SBSdk/00 ............................................................................................................ 85 SE-Sedge Wetland .................................................................................. 85

SBSdk/00 ............................................................................................................ 86 WS-Willow - sedge shrub wetland........................................................... 86

6.7 NON VEGETATED UNITS .................................................................................. 87

7.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 89

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page vi LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 BIOTERRAIN SYMBOL CODES (FROM HOWES AND KENK, 1988) TABLE 2 LIST OF THE CUTBLOCKS

IMPORTED FROM THE FCM INTO EACH OF THE THREE WATERSHEDS TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF ECOSYSTEM BEC UNITS IN THE CRYSTAL LAKE,

CHEDAKUZ CREEK & LAIDMAN LAKE WATERSHED LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A VANDERHOOF TSA EXPANDED LEGENDECOSYSTEM UNIT CORRELATION TABLE

APPENDIX B VEGETATION LIST (COMMON AND LATIN NAMES)

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Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION Slocan Group: Plateau Division (Slocan) wishes additional information to assist in forest development planning for the Vanderhoof Timber Supply Area (TSA). It was determined that information needs included bioterrain and ecosystem mapping, grizzly, marten, caribou and moose data collection with potential habitat capability and suitability for these species to be completed at a future date. In 1996, AGRA Earth & Environmental Limited (AEE) was retained by Slocan to classify and map, at a scale of 1:20 000, bioterrain and ecosystem characteristics for the Vanderhoof TSA. In support of this project, the client provided 1:20 000 forest cover maps, 1:20 000 Terrain Resource Information Management (TRIM) Maps, and 1994/1995 colour air photos at 1:15 000 scale. National Topographic Series (NTS) maps, 1:20 000, were obtained from Maps Unlimited. 2.0 OBJECTIVES The objectives of this project were as follows: 1. collect and review all preliminary information, including relevant background reports and maps prior to

pre-typing of the air photos, 2. pre-stratify the bioterrain of the study area on 1:15 000 colour air photos using methods outlined in

Standards for Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping in British Columbia (1995) and Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards (1996),

3. develop a working legend as a preliminary classification for bioterrain and ecosystem features within

biogeoclimatic units of the study area to be reviewed by the Provincial Ecosystem Mapping Correlator and subsequently edited based on recommendations from the Correlator,

4. develop a preliminary field sampling plan and work schedule to be submitted and reviewed by the

Project Technical Coordinator and Provincial Correlator, 5. photograph and collect site, soil, vegetation and wildlife habitat using methods as outlined in

Describing Ecosystems in the Field (Luttmerding et al, 1990). Field sampling is also to include reconnaissance-level inspections and visual checks to supplement detailed plots and to increase sampling intensity toward the goal of 10% of the polygons. Additional information to be collected at sample plots includes data on wildlife trees and coarse woody debris,

6. produce an expanded map legend that describes topography, terrain and soil features and vegetation

for each ecosystem classified in the biogeoclimatic units of the study area, 7. produce ink-on-mylar ecosystem maps of the study area registered to 1:20 000 NTS base maps on

which ecosystem polygons are contiuous with bioterrain polygons. The ecosystem maps also include sample plot locations.

8. produce an EXCEL database containing polygon numbers and associated bioterrain and ecosystem

data in digital and hardcopy format as specified in the Standards for Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping in British Columbia (1995) and Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards (1996).

3.0 STUDY AREA

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 2 The three watersheds mapped in the Vanderhoof TSA included: Crystal Lake, Chedakuz Creek and Laidman Lake for a total area mapped is 100,000 ha. The main access into all three of the study areas is via the Kluskus Forest Service Road (FSR). The Crystal Lake study area begins at approximately km 35 on the Kluskus Forest Service Road (FSR) and extends to approximately km 73 . In addition, the Kluskus FSR is the eastern boundary for the Crystal Lake study area. The western side of the Crystal Lake study area does not follow any set topographic or roadway boundary. The top of the watershed is narrow and extends to the west of Crystal and Boomerang Lakes and then narrows south towards the Johnson, Wren and Vivian lakes. The Crystal Lake study area is located on the following 1:20 000 NTS mapsheets 93F0: 58, 59, 68, 69, 78, 79, 88, 89 The Chedakuz Creek study area runs northwest from the edge of Knewstubb Lake, southeast to the Kluskus FSR. The Red Road provides the primary access into the upper portion of the study area. The Chedakuz Creek study area is located on the following 1:20 000 NTS mapsheets 93F0: 26, 27, 35, 36, 37,45, 46, 47. The Laidman Lake study area starts at approximately km 142 on the Kluskus FSR. The northern portion of the boundary extends past the Vantine road and includes a portion of the Fawnie Range. The Malaput 6000 road provides a boundary for the northwest section of the study area and encompasses the Entiako Spur. The western boundary follows the Fawnie Creek for the southwestern boundary extending down through Williamson Lake. At the north end of Nagfloo Lake the boundary extends east to the 93F005 neatline forming the southern boundary of the study area. The eastern boundary follows the neatline from mapsheets 93F005, 93F015 and 93F025.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 3 3.1 BIOPHYSICAL SETTING 3.1.1 Ecoregion Classification Ecoregions are large regional-sized, ecological land units (ecosystems) that have similar macroclimate, physiography, vegetation and wildlife potential. Five levels of Ecoregion Classification are recognized including Ecodomain, Ecodivision, Ecoprovince, Ecoregion and Ecosection. Following the ecological land classification hierarchy set forth by Demarchi (1995), the Vanderhoof TSA is located in the Humid Temperate Ecodomain, the Humid Continental Highlands Ecodivision, the Central Interior Ecoprovince, and the Fraser Plateau Ecoregion. Ecosections are subregional units within ecoregions that are similar in climate, landforms, bedrock geology and soils, and plant and animal distributions. Demarchi (1995) classifies the Vanderhoof TSA as being located in the Nazko Upland (NAU) of the Fraser Plateau Ecoregion. The NAU Ecosection is a flat upland area, with increased precipitation, located in the north-northeast. Low elevation valley bottoms are dominated by lodgepole pine stands. Hybrid white spruce tends to dominate on lower elevation sites throughout the ecosection in moist to wet climax sites. Subalpine and parkland forests in the mountains are dominated by subalpine fir and Englemann spruce with lodgepole pine being a major species in seral stands on dry sites. The NAU ecosection also contains extensive areas of wetland complexes along lakes and rivers in the valley bottoms. 3.1.2 Physiographic Regions and Bedrock Geology The study area is located in the southern part of the Nechako Plateau which is the northernmost of three plateau subdivisions of the Interior Plateau (Holland, 1964). The area is characterized by gently sloping to hilly topography, lying approximately between 790 m and 1370 m a.s.l. The area is interrupted by the Fawnie Range which passes through the northern portion of the Laidman Lake watershed. The Fawnie Range trends northwest with rounded peaks ranging up to 550 m above the plateau surface and is probably a monadnock on a tertiary erosion surface (Tipper, 1963). Bedrock geology of the region is summarized by Holland et al (1964). Over most of the region, flat or gently dipping tertiary lava flows overlay older volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Takla and Hazleton Groups and intrusive rocks of the Lower Jurassic and Cretaceous age. More specific bedrock types and their locations are listed below: 1. Crystal Lake watershed bedrock types include diorite and quartz diorite. 2. Chedakuz Creek watershed bedrock types include: vesicular and amygdaloidal andesite and basalt;

flow breccia, tuff conglomerate, greywacke and lignite.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 4 3. Laidman Lake watershed bedrock types including: granite, quartz diorite, granidiorite and diorite,

andesitic and basaltic flows, tuffs and breccias; interbed argillite and minor limestone. 3.1.3 Surficial Geology, Landforms and Soils Morainal (till) deposits are the most extensive quaternary sediments observed in the study area. Morainal deposits that occur in the area include drumlinoid landforms, fluted terrain and morainal veneers and blankets. Much of the area has been mapped as till, gravel, sand and clay, representing Pleistocene and recent deposits. The two types of drumlins present in the area are >till= and >bedrock core= (Howes 1977). Till drumlins consist entirely of till and are best developed on thick morainal deposits (Tipper 1963). The majority of drumlins had rock cores with bedrock outcropping at the stoss end and a till mantle of variable thickness. Numerous drumlins were observed in the Crystal Lake watershed. Areas consisting of straight parallel grooves separated by ridges are referred to as fluted. The grooves are widely spaced, shallow features separated by shallow sloped ridges trending in a northeast direction similar to the drumlinoid landforms. This fluted or >rolling= terrain was most prevalent in the Crystal Lake study area. Till veneers (<1 m in thickness) were associated with areas of minor bedrock outcropping or visible structural bedrock patterns while till blankets generally occurred on long, smooth bedrock controlled slopes with dense vegetation cover. The texture of till deposits varies from a silty sand to sand with very minor amounts of clay in the Crystal Lake and Chedakuz Creek to clayey sand in the Laidman Lake. Eutric Brunisol was the most common soil type with Gray Luvisols and Humo-ferric Podzols also occurring in these areas. Glaciofluvial deposits occurred in all watersheds to varying degrees. They are generally associated with major and minor meltwater channels and drainage along the sides and floors of valleys. The most commonly occurring glaciofluvial landforms are terraces, eskers and proglacial outwash plains. Glaciofluvial terraces are present alongside several small main valleys throughout the study areas. The surface of the terraces ranges from flat to hummocky. The terraces are generally comprised of fine to coarse sand and gravel. Eskers were found in both the Chedakuz Creek and to a lesser extent in the Laidman Lake study areas. The eskers in this area are discontinuous, narrow, sinuous, round-topped ridges comprised of coarse sand, gravel and cobbles. The eskers vary in length from 50 m to 1 km and are up to 20 m high. Eutric Brunisols are a common soil type in these areas.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 5 Fluvial deposits occur throughout the study areas and are associated with rivers, streams and valley flood plains. In most major valleys, organic deposits overlie the sand and gravel fluvial deposits to varying degrees. Regosols and associated Organics are the most common soil types in these fluvial environments. Glaciolacustrine deposits were limited to small localized areas adjacent to main valleys in the Laidman Lake watershed and to a lesser extent in the Crystal Lake watershed. They were probably formed while the valley ice lobe blocked meltwater runoff to the main valley during the downwasting of ice in the upland areas. Glaciolacustrine deposits are comprised of silty clay. Colluvium and rock outcrops are most prevalent in the Laidman Lake study area. Small areas of colluvium and rock were noted in the northeast area of Crystal Lake watershed. In general, colluvium in this area is generated from weathering and mass wasting of rock bluffs by frost action with accumulation at the base of steep bedrock slopes. Steep bedrock slopes associated with deeply incised meltwater channels were also observed in the north end of the Crystal Lake watershed. Eutric Brunisols and Regosols are common soil types on these slopes. Organic accumulations occurred throughout the study area. Organic soils are associated with flood plains, depressions in glaciofluvial topography and depressions in low relief till deposits. 3.2 BIOGEOCLIMATIC SETTING Within the Ministry of Forests Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) system (Meidinger and Pojar, 1991), the Vanderhoof TSA study area includes seven biogeoclimatic units. Biogeoclimatic information and unit boundaries have been modified after Delong et al (1993). Elevational changes to unit boundaries at this scale of mapping (1:20 000) are not necessarily reflected at 1:250 000 scale mapping used by the Forest Service. There are differences in the elevation occurrence of these units in each of the three study areas. This is due to the fact that the higher elevations do not exist in the Crystal Lake and Chedakuz Creek watersheds; therefore, the elevation range of the BEC zones is not as expansive in these areas as it is in the Laidman Lake. The seven are briefly described below.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 6 3.2.1 ESSFmvp1 The Englemann Spruce-Subalpine Fir (ESSF) moist very cold parkland Nechako (variant 1) (ESSFmvp1) only occurs in the Laidman Lake study area. This ecosystem occurs above the ESSFmv1 variant and generally ranges in elevation from 1670 m to approximately 1740 m. Climax parkland stands are dominated by subalpine fir and Englemann spruce on gentle terrain. Krummholz occur on crests and upper slope positions at an elevation 1700 m and above. Understory vegetation on mesic open forest include pink mountain heather, Sitka valerian, leafy aster, Indian hellebore, mountain sagewort and northern anemone. Dry open forests are dominated by Englemann spruce and pink and yellow mountain heathers. Common juniper, kinnikinnick, crowberry, alpine pussytoes, mountain sagewort, cinquefoils and white-mountain avens are some of the associate species found in the dry open forests. Moist units have black huckleberry, Indian hellebore, Sitka valerian, mountain sagewort, heart-leaved arnica and mosses in the understory. 3.3.2 ESSFmv1 The Englemann Spruce-Subalpine Fir moist very cold Nechako (variant 1) (ESSFmv1) occurs above either the SBSmc2, and the SBSmc3 but below the ESSFmvp1. The ESSFmv1 is a high elevation unit and is the coldest of all seven units. It is intermediate in precipitation, with a high portion of this falling as snow (Delong et al, 1993). In the Chedakuz and Crystal Lakes study area, the elevational range was 1210 m on warm and neutral aspects and on cool aspects the elevational boundary drops to 1160 m. In the Laidman Lake study area the ESSFmv1 boundary is 1320 m to 1670 m. Subalpine fir and Englemann spruce co-dominate in late successional stands on gentle terrain and cool aspect sites with lodgepole pine being a prominent seral species in younger stands. Sites with warm exposures are co-dominated by lodgepole pine. Characteristic understory species on mesic sites of all aspect are black huckleberry, five-leaved bramble, heart-leaved arnica, bunchberry and red-stemmed feathermoss. White-flowered rhododendron, black huckleberry, crowberry, and liverworts are dominant on cool exposure while common juniper, soopolallie and lichens occur on warm slopes. Other species which may dominate in early seral stages are fireweed, bluejoint, five-leaved bramble and black huckleberry. Steep dry slopes with insolation are dominated by lodgepole pine, common juniper, birch-leaved spirea and heart-leaved arnica. Moist site indicators include willows, Sitka valerian, common horsetail, Indian hellebore, and mosses. In the Crystal Lake study area, there are isolated pockets of ESSFmv1 units mapped in the SBSmc3. These ESSFmv1 units occurred on cool aspects and are isolated polygons which were too small to draw a BEC line around them. In order to retain the information, they were mapped in the SBSmc3 and with the ESSFmv1 site series symbols.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 7 3.3.3 SBSmc2 Sub-Boreal Spruce moist cold Babine (variant 2) (SBSmc2) occurs as a thin ban above the SBSmc3 and below the ESSFmv1. In the Crystal Lake study area this unit occurs at an elevation from 1210 m to 1280 m on warm aspects. According to the 1:250 000 BEC maps, the SBSmc2 and the SBSmc3 meet at Corkscrew Creek which lies east of the eastern boundary. However, full plots 9622626 and 9622623 appear to be transitional to the SBSmc2. Further investigation may be required to determine the SBSmc2 boundary influence from the east. The SBSmc2 occurs only in the northeast corner of the Chedakuz Creek watershed on a neutral aspect. The elevation range is 1130 m to 1280 m. On neutral aspects in the Laidman Lake the SBSmc2 occurs from 1130 to 1210 m. On warm aspects in the Laidman Lake study area this ecosystem ranges from 1180 m to 1290 m. The SBSmc2 has the wettest and snowiest climate of all the SBS biogeoclimatic units in the study area (Delong et al 1993). Characteristic species on dry to mesic sites include hybrid white spruce, subalpine fir and lodgepole pine in the overstory and black huckleberry, soopolallie, five-leaved bramble, heart-leaved arnica and mosses. Dry sites of upper slopes and crests are characterized by kinnikinnick, dwarf blueberry, mosses and lichens. Moist site indicators include common horsetail, common mitrewort, three-leaved foamflower and oak fern. 3.3.4 SBSmc3 The Sub-Boreal Spruce moist cool Kluskus (variant 3) covers the largest area in each of the three study areas. The SBSmc3 occurs below the ESSFmv1 and the SBSmc2 but it is above the SBPSmc, SBSdk and the SBSdw3. In the Crystal Lake study area this unit has an elevation range from 970 m to 1210 m. In the Chedakuz Creek study area the SBSmc3 ranges in elevation from 940 m or 960 m to 1130 m. In Laidman Lake this ecosystem has an elevation range from 1080 to 1180 on warm aspects. On neutral aspects the elevation range for the SBSmc3 is from 1080 m to 1130 m. Lodgepole pine and hybrid white spruce are the dominant overstory species on gentle terrain and cool exposures with average moisture availability. Lodgepole pine is prominent on dry warm exposures. Hybrid white spruce is common to dominant on moist to wet seepage sites and flood plains. Characteristic understory species on mesic sites are subalpine fir, black huckleberry, Sitka alder, dwarf blueberry, bunchberry, heart-leaved arnica and mosses. Common juniper, prickly rose, kinnikinnick, black huckleberry, twinflower, dwarf blueberry and lichens. Characteristic species on moist to wet sites are willows, red swamp currant, palmate-leaved coltsfoot, wild strawberry and leafy mosses.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 8 3.3.5 SBPSmc The Sub-Boreal Pine Spruce moist cool (SBPSmc) unit occurs only in the Laidman Lake study area. It has an elevation range from 1000 m to 1080 m. This ecosystem occurs below the SBSmc3. Lodgepole pine dominates on dry to mesic sites with hybrid white spruce being more prominent in late successional stands on moist to wet sites. Understory species on mesic sites are soopolallie dwarf blueberry, kinnikinnick, twinflower, bunchberry, fireweed, mosses and lichens. Dry sites are dominated by soopolallie, prickly rose, common juniper, kinnikinnick, northern bedstraw, birch-leaved spirea and lichens. Black twinberry, willows, Labrador tea, wild strawberry, common mitrewort, common horsetail and mosses dominate the understory on moist to wet sites. 3.3.6 SBSdk The Sub-Boreal Spruce dry cool (SBSdk) is only found in the Chedakuz Creek study area, and occurs at low elevations along Knewstubb and Natalkuz Lakes and in broad gentle valleys of creeks flowing into the lake. The subzone boundary extends as high as 920 to 960 m on gentle terrain. The subzone boundary is as low as 860 m and occurs below the SBSmc3 unit. Characteristic species on dry to mesic sites include highbrush cranberry, birch-leaved spirea, heart-leaved arnica, fireweed, wild strawberry, pink wintergreen and creamy peavine. Dry sites of upper slopes and crests are characterized by lodgepole pine, common juniper, kinnikinnick and lichens. Moist site indicators include trailing raspberry, cow-parsnip, palmate-leaved coltsfoot and leafy mosses. 3.3.7 SBSdw3 The Sub-Boreal Spruce dry warm Stuart (variant 3) (SBSdw3) consists of two small pockets in the northern section of the Crystal Lake watershed below the SBSmc3. The boundary is 970 m. Hybrid white spruce and Douglas fir dominate on moist mesic sites with lodgepole pine being an important seral species and prominent on dry sites. Typical understory plants on mesic sites include birch-leaved spirea, queen=s cup, showy aster and mosses. Moist sites are characterized by trembling aspen, black gooseberry, wild sarsaparilla, common mitrewort and oak fern.

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 9 4.0 METHODS 4.1 PRE-STRATIFICATION OF BIOTERRAIN The first step of the mapping project was to map terrain units on 1:15 000 colour air photos (1994/1995) according to the Terrain Classification System for British Columbia (Howes and Kenk, 1988). Those surficial units were further subdivided into bioterrain units by using features such as directional exposure, soil moisture availability as indicated by vegetation, exposed rock, shallow rubble surfaces, talus, cliffs and significant changes in bedrock type. The features considered important for this study area were agreed upon during the pre-work meeting of technical experts and the consultant=s team. The units of bioterrain are mapped as solid lines in ink on air photos using a number 2 size pen. Bioterrain units have been approved by the appropriate technical expert (Larry Lacelle, personal communication). 4.2 SAMPLING Field crews made up of ecologists, geomorphologists and wildlife biologists from AEE and a senior ecologist from JMJ Holdings Inc., sampled ecosystems in the Vanderhoof TSA between July 5 and July 31, 1997. The study area was sampled using 4x4 vehicles on existing logging roads. Helicopter access was used for the higher elevation in the north section of the Laidman Lake watershed and the inaccessible areas of both the Chedakuz Creek and Crystal Lake watersheds. Ecosystem data was collected to the standards set forth in Luttmerding et al (1990). Sites were sampled using three types of plots including detailed (full) plots, reconnaissance-level surveys (ground checks) and visual inspections. Sample plots were chosen to best represent the distribution of ecosystems within each biogeoclimatic unit in the three watersheds. At each site, information at various levels of detail was collected on site features, terrain, soils, vegetation and wildlife habitat use, suitability and capability. At full plots, all trees, shrubs, mosses and lichens were tallied and given a percentage rating for cover, distribution and vigour on vegetation forms. As well as completing site, soil and wildlife forms at full plot locations, information was collected on wildlife trees and coarse woody debris. 4.3 BIOTERRAIN UNIT MAPPING Terrain units were mapped following the standards of Howes and Kenk (1988) and procedures outlined in Standards for Terrestrial Ecosystems Mapping in British Columbia (1995) and Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards (1996). Each polygon delineated on the air photos contains terrain and soil drainage symbology. Symbology follows the system of Howes and Kenk (1988) and is shown in Table 1. Complex polygons can have up to three terrain units within a single polygon. Percentage distribution of terrain units was represented by deciles from 1 to 10 (1=10% and 10=100%). EXAMPLE TERRAIN POLYGON NOTATION 6 srCbv/Rs - 4Mbj w m This polygon label would be read as: 60% sandy, rubbly Colluvial blanket-veneer over steeply sloping rock, well drained. 40% Morainal blanket, gently sloping, moderately well drained.

TABLE 1

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 10

BIOTERRAIN SYMBOL CODES (FROM HOWES AND KENK, 1988)

TEXTURE

SURFICIAL MATERIAL SURFACE EXPRESSION

GEOLOGICAL PROCESS

a=blocks

C=colluvial

b=blanket v=veneer

A=avalanches B=braided channel

b=boulders

D=weathered bedrock

c=cone t=terrace

C=cryoturbation D=deflation

k=cobbles

E=eolian

f=fan

E=channelled F=slow mass movement

s=sand

F=fluvial

h=hummocky u=undulating

H=kettled I=irregular channel

$=silt

FG=fluvial glacial

j=gentle slope

J=anastamosing channel K=karst processes

c=clay

L=lacustrine

k=moderately steep

M=meandering channel N=nivation

d=mixed fragments

LG=glaciolacustrine

m=rolling

P=piping R=rapid mass movement

g=gravel

M=morainal

p=plain

S=solifluction U=inundation

a=angular fragments

O=organic

r=ridged

V=gully erosion W=washing

r=rubble

R=bedrock AQ=aquatic

s=steep

X=permafrost Z=general periglacial processes

A = active process I = inactive process

SOIL DRAINAGE NOTATION r= rapid w=well m= moderately well i=imperfectly p= poor v=very poor

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 11 4.4 WORKING LEGEND Before field work began, a working legend was developed to classify bioterrain features and potential ecosystem units to be sampled within biogeoclimatic units of the study area. The working legend was developed to insure that the field crew sampled as much of the variability found in the study area as possible and to prevent over-sampling of certain common and widespread ecosystem units. 4.5 DATA ANALYSIS Sample plots of forested sites were allocated to existing Ministry of Forests (MoF) site series in biogeoclimatic units described for the southwest portion of the Prince George Forest Region using descriptions from Delong et al (1993). Plots sampling meadows, wetlands, and parkland habitats were used to classify and describe non-forested ecosystems. The wetland ecounits were correlated to similar ecosystems (habitat classes) described for the wetland ecosystems of the Sub-Boreal Pine Spruce (Roberts, 1984). The latter units have not been previously described and therefore plot data cannot be compared to existing data (Delong, pers. com). Once detailed, reconnaissance and visual plots were sorted by biogeoclimatic unit and site series/ecosystems, physical information was compared between plots to provide an impression of the range of terrain units that ecosystems could occur on as well as site and soil characteristics. 4.6 EXPANDED LEGEND DEVELOPMENT Sorted plot data in conjunction with existing ecological classification data were used to develop the expanded biophysical ecosystem legend. Ecosystem units were described using terrain, site and soil features, directional exposure and vegetation summarized by structural/seral stages. Vegetation descriptions for structural stages in ecosystems that were not sampled were extrapolated using plot information and existing ecological data. Site series descriptions from Delong et al (1993) were used to describe unsampled ecosystems that occurred in the study area. 4.7 ECOSYSTEM UNIT MAPPING The working legend, refined after data analysis, and the expanded legend were used to facilitate ecosystem mapping. Ecosystem units were mapped according to the Standards for Terrestrial Ecosystems Mapping in British Columbia (1995) and the Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards (1996). Ecounits were mapped within bioterrain polygon boundaries. Bioterrain polygons were split when disturbance resulted in strongly contrasting seral stages or when more than three ecounits occurred in a polygon. Bioterrain polygons were also subdivided by biogeoclimatic subzone lines, consequently there are more ecosystem polygons indicated on the mylar maps than bioterrain polygons inked on the air photos. However, final polygons have both ecosystem and bioterrain information specific to that polygon. Ecounits were identified for each polygon based on the bioterrain classification, sample plots that

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 12 occurred within the polygon, and age class information derived from forest cover maps. Up to three ecounits or structural stages were noted for each polygon. Site modifying codes were used with ecosystem designations to help improve the accuracy of ecosystem descriptions. When specific features of the site altered the nature of the floristics of an ecosystem, the modified ecounit received a separate description in the expanded legend. Percentage distribution of each ecosystem unit in polygons is represented by a decile from 1 to 10 (1 = 10% and 10 = 100%). Two letter site series codes that identify ecosystems may be followed by up to 2 site modifier symbols (lower case letters) that represent site conditions differing from the typical situation defined for the site series. Site modifiers used to describe ecounits in this project include:

a - active floodplain b - LFH over bedrock (less than 10 cm mineral soil) c - coarse-textured soils1 d - deep soil (>100 cm to bedrock) f - fine-textured soils1 g - gullied terrain h - hummocky j - gentle slopes j - gentle to moderate slope k - cool, northerly to easterly aspects (285 to 135 degrees, significant slopes >25% in the interior, > 35% in CWH and MH zones ) n - fan (fluvial, glaciofluvial or colluvial) p - peaty soil q- very steep >70% cool aspect r - ridge s - shallow soil ( 20 to 100 cm to bedrock) t - terrace w - warm, southeasterly to westerly aspects ( 135 to 285 degrees, significant slopes >25% in the interior, > 35% in CWH and MH zones ) v - very shallow soil (<20 cm to bedrock) x - drier than average y - moister than average z- very steep, greater than 70% slope, warm aspect

1 Coarse and fine-textured soils are defined in Table 2 of Standards for Terrestrial Ecosystems Mapping in British Columbia

(1995) and the Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards (1996).

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 13 4.7.1 Structural Stages Two letter ecosystem codes or site modifier symbols are followed by structural stage designations from 1 - 7. Structural stages, that correspond to seral stages of forested ecosystems, are described below.

1 - Non-Vegetated/Sparsely Vegetated (< 20 yrs)1 2 -Herb (< 20 yrs)1 3 - Shrub/Herb (< 20 yrs)1 3a - Low Shrub (< 20 yrs)1 3b - Tall Shrub (< 20 yrs)1 4 - Pole/Sapling (20-40 yrs) 5 - Young Forest (40-80 yrs) 6 - Mature Forest (80-240 yrs) 7 - Old Forest (> 240 yrs)

1 Age only applies to units going to trees, and are approximate EXAMPLE ECOSYSTEM POLYGON NOTATION

8BH6-2SBks3b This polygon label would read as: 80% Black Spruce - Huckleberry - Spirea; typic ecosystem unit; mature forest (structural stage 6)

. 20% Hybrid white spruce-Black huckleberry cool aspect, shallow soil ecosystem unit; tall shrub

(structural stage 3b). Existing cutblocks were digitized off of the airphotos. Recent cutblocks which were not on the photos were imported from the forest cover maps. As requested by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Table 2 is a list of the cutblocks which were imported from the FCM into each of the three watersheds:

Slocan Group: Plateau Division KX02801 Vanderhoof Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping October 19, 2004 Vanderhoof, British Columbia Page 14 TABLE 2

LIST OF THE CUTBLOCKS IMPORTED FROM THE FCM INTO EACH OF THE THREE WATERSHEDS

CRYSTAL LAKE

CHEDAKUZ CREEK

LAIDMAN LAKE

CP

Blk

CP

Blk

CP

Blk

67 C 67 66 28 1

499

14 1 1

79 284 CPD

U

42

333 333 333

513

4 6

10

39 39

230 230 230 228 39 39

231

535 533

3 1 4

532 536

4

5.0 DATABASES 5.1 BIOTERRAIN AND ECOSYSTEM DATABASES An EXCEL spreadsheet was used to develop databases for bioterrain and ecosystem attributes for each polygon. Each row describes a polygon number with up to three different terrain and ecosystem attributes whose deciles must add up to 10. The content of each column follows the format suggested by the technical coordinator. 6.0 RESULTS 6.1 SAMPLING AND SURVEY INTENSITY The study area was sampled with 73 full plots, 37 reconnaissance-level plots and 232 visual inspections. Sampling intensity corresponds with the sampling plans submitted to the Ministry in March and April of 1997. The project was carried out at a sampling intensity level 5 (<10% polygon inspection). Table 3 is a list of the full plots sampled in the field and their occurrence in different series in each of the seven different BEC zones/variants.


A G R A Earth & Environmental

TABLE 3

SUMMARY OF ECOSYSTEM BEC UNITS IN THE CRYSTAL LAKE, CHEDAKUZ CREEK & LAIDMAN LAKE WATERSHED

SBSmc3

SBSmc2

SBPSmc

ESSFmv1

SBSdK

SBSdw3

ESSFmvp1 SITE

SERIES

Plot Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

01

9622518 9622519 9622520 9622546 9622585 9622623 9622625

SBc5 SBc2 SBck6 SBc6 SBc4 SBc4 SBcs6

9.6e+13

SBc6 SBc6

9622544

LF6

9622514 9622523 9622530 9622534 9622538 9622543 9622549

FRc6 FRc6 FRc6 FRc6 FRc6 FRck6 FRc6

02

962265

LJvw6

9622509

PHsw5

9622547

LC3b

9622539

LCsz6

03

9.6e+20

LF5 LFhr4 LFt4

9622527

BMcs6

962270

9622548 9622634 9622637 9622638

FFc5 FFvw6 FFck5 FFcs4 FFsw6

9622643

LC5

04

9622584 9622655

SScw4 SScj5

9622545

SB6

9622528 9622529 9622532 9622535 9622542

FGc6 FGc5 FGc5 FGc6 FGcs6

9622624

SRsw6

05

9622654

BH3a

9622621

TCfw6

9.6e+12

SO6 SOcn5

9622618

FH6

9622650 9622657 9622658

SF6 SFc5 SFtw6

06

07

962269

9622587 9622626

STc6 STc5 STc6

9622648

SHac7

08

9622641

SHt6

9622639

STcs6

09

9622651 9622662

BB3b BB3a

9622550

BSm7



TABLE 3

SUMMARY OF ECOSYSTEM BEC UNITS IN THE CRYSTAL LAKE, CHEDAKUZ CREEK & LAIDMAN LAKE WATERSHED

SBSmc3

SBSmc2

SBPSmc

ESSFmv1

SBSdK

SBSdw3

ESSFmvp1 SITE

SERIES

Plot Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

Plot

Map Unit

10

9622622

BB3b

11

9622526

HGc5

12

9622525

SSp3b

00

9.6e+12

SE2 SW3a

9.62e+27

LF6 SF6 ESs6 SE2

9622656

WS3b

9.6e+41

BMw6 JCk6 BMk6 Jc2 SSs6 BMk2


6.2 CORRELATION TO MOF BIOGEOCLIMATIC AND SITE SERIES UNITS Field sampling confirmed the existence of the appropriate BEC zones in each of the three different watersheds. The parkland ecosystem was confirmed and is described in the expanded legend. New site series were observed in the ESSFmv1, SBSdk, SBSmc3 and SBPSmc. Full descriptions of these units are also described in greater detail in the expanded legend. Appendix A lists the ecosystem units and corresponding MoF site series that were mapped in the Vanderhoof TSA study area. Only the upper case two-letter codes for ecosystems are used in this table. Modified ecounits belong to the same site series (ie. SB and SBk are both in the SB ecosystem that correlates to the SBSmc3- 01 site series). 6.3 BIOTERRAIN AND ECOSYSTEM DATABASES Databases that contain bioterrain and ecosystem attributes for each polygon mapped in the study area are provided in Excel digital format. 6.4 PLANT INVENTORY A list of plants identified in the study area is included in Appendix B. The plant list includes both common and scientific names and is stratified by trees, shrubs, herbs and cryptograms (mosses, lichens and liverworts). 6.5 RARE ECOSYSTEMS AND RARE PLANTS No rare ecosystems were observed in any one of the three watersheds. Nor were there any rare plants were observed during field work in the Vanderhoof TSA. The priority was to sample a variety of ecosystems over a large and diverse study area and not much time was available for sampling ecosystems that could potentially support rare plants. Data observations for wildlife have been collected for the visuals and full plots. 6.6 EXPANDED LEGEND The following pages consist of expanded legend tables for each site series in each of the seven BEC zones:



Description

BEC

FR - Bl - Rhododendron - Feathermoss

ESSFmvl/01

Typically occurs on gentle slopes in a mid to upper slope position with deep medium-textured soils with a mesic moisture regime. Parent material tends to be morainal.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint five-leaved bramble fireweed

bluejoint fireweed black huckleberry five-leaved bramble

lodgepole Pine black huckleberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine subalpine fir black huckleberry Englemann spruce five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss

subalpine fir lodgepole pine Englemann spruce black huckleberry five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss

subalpine fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

Associates

Sitka alder black huckleberry heart-leaved arnica mountain monkshood arctic lupin bunchberry juniper haricap moss small-flowered woodrush

lodgepole pine Englemann spruce subalpine fir white-flowered rhododendron Sitka Alder heart-leaved arnica mountain monkshood bunchberry juniper haricap moss small-leaved woodrush red-stemmed feathermoss

Englemann spruce subalpine fir white-flowered rhododendron heart-leaved arnica twinflower bunchberry one-sided wintergreen knight=s plume freckle pelt

white-flowered rhododendron heart-leaved arnica bunchberry twinflower stiff clubmoss crowberry one-sided wintergreen dwarf blueberry knight=s plume broom moss freckle pelt

white-flowered rhododendron heart-leaved arnica bunchberry twinflower stiff clubmoss crowberry dwarf blueberry one-sided wintergreen broom moss knight=s plume Barbilophozia lyopodioides freckle pelt step moss

white-flowered rhododendron heart-leaved arnica bunchberry twinflower stiff clubmoss crowberry dwarf blueberry one-sided wintergreen broom moss Barbilophozia lyopodioides freckle pelt

Plots

LLv29 LLv60 LLv84

9622514 9622523 9622530 9622534 9622538 9622543 9622549 LLv85 Llv87 LLv116

Comments: White-flowered rhododendron is generally present on gentle slopes and often dominant on cool aspect sites.



Description

BEC

LC - Pl - Huckleberry - Cladina

ESSFmv1/02

Typically situations are gentle mid to upper slopes with deep, coarse-textured soils with poor nutrient regime. Parent materials include Glaciofluvial, morainal or colluvial veneers over rock.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants Bluejoint

lodgepole pine common juniper

lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine black huckleberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie

Associates

common juniper black huckleberry dwarf blueberry prickly rose fireweed Cladina spp Cladonia spp

black huckleberry prickly rose fireweed dwarf blueberry bluejoint Cladina spp Cladonia spp

black huckleberry common juniper dwarf blueberry heart-leaved arnica twinflower juniper haircap moss Cladina spp Cladonia spp

subalpine fir common juniper twinflower heart-leaved arnica Dicranum spp Peltigera spp juniper haircap moss Cladina spp Cladonia spp

subalpine fir black huckleberry prickly rose fireweed heart-leaved arnica twinflower Dicranum spp Peltigera spp

Englemann spruce prickly rose fireweed black huckleberry heart-leaved arnica twinflower subalpine fir Cladina spp Dicranum spp Peltigera spp

Plots

LLv52 LLv115

9622539 LLv25 LLv18 LLv35

Comments: Kinnikinnick, three-toothed saxifrage, fragile fern, lance-leaved stonecrop and northern golden rod may be associate species on drier sites associated with outcrops.

Common juniper and soopolallie are less prominent in late successional stands located on gently sloping crests and ridges. Thimbleberry, leafy aster, western meadowrue and trembling aspen may be common to abundant in later successional stands on warm aspect sites. Grouseberry may be an occasional associate to dominant species.



Description

BEC

FF - Bl - Huckleberry - Feathermoss

ESSFmv1/03

Typical situations are gentle slope to significant, upper slopes to crest an morainal veneer over rock or glaciofluvial. Sites are submesic.

Structural stage 2 3 4 5 6 & Plant Species Grass-forb Shrub Pole sapling Young forest Mature forest Old forest Dominants fireweed

bluejoint

lodgepole pine lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine black huckleberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine subalpine fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume Dicranum spp Associates Englemann spruce

black gooseberry leafy aster wild strawberry western meadowrue heart-leaved arnica northern bedstraw red columbine twinflower bunchberry ricegrass grouseberry juniper haircap moss

Englemann spruce soopolallie prickly rose bunchberry fireweed ricegrass heart-leaved arnica twinflower bluejoint grouseberry juniper haircap moss

black huckleberry subalpine fir twinflower heart-leaved arnica bunchberry fireweed one-sided wintergreen showy aster Peltigera spp

subalpine Fir Englemann spruce twinflower heart-leaved arnica soopolallie bunchberry grouseberry dwarf blueberry fireweed birch-leaved spirea one-sided wintergreen showy aster

subalpine Fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry Sitka alder soopolallie twinflower heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry bunchberry grouseberry fireweed crowberry showy aster birch-leaved spirea Dicranum spp step moss Peltigera spp Cladina spp

soopolallie Sitka alder twinflower heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry bunchberry grouseberry crowberry showy aster birch-leaved spirea step moss Peltigera spp Cladina spp

Plots LLv26 LLv5 LLv56 LLv88

9622637 LLv41 LLv78

962270 9622634 LLv6 LLv54 LLv113 LLv114 Llv118 CLv78

9622638 LLv116 9622548 LLv118 LLv1 LLv2 LLv36 LLv37 LLv59

LLv12

Comments: Also occurs on Colluvial veneers and warm aspects. Western meadowrue, wild strawberry, leafy aster, racemose pussytoes and heart-leaved arnica may be dominant

and one-sided wintergreen, red columbine and Indian hellebore are common on warm aspects. White-flowered rhododendron may be common to abundant and Barbilophozia lycopodioides may be an associate species inn later successional stands.



Description:

BEC

SF-Sxw-Scrub birch -Feathermoss

ESSFmv1/00

Site is on gentle to level terrain, deep coarse-textured soils, poor nutrient regime, submesic to mesic moisture regime. Parent material is glaciofluvial

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine scrub birch willows fireweed dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine scrub birch dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine Englemann spruce scrub birch dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine Englemann spruce scrub birch dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Englemann spruce scrub birch dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

lodgepole pine scrub birch willows black huckleberry prickly rose bluejoint bunchberry crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot Cladinia spp

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry prickly rose willows bunchberry crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot bluejoint twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss Cladinia spp

subalpine fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry willows bunchberry crowberry five-leaved bramble twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed Peltigera spp Cladinia spp

subalpine fir grey-leaved willow bunchberry five-leaved bramble twinflower crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed Peltigera spp Dicranum spp Cladinia spp

subalpine fir black huckleberry willows bunchberry five-leaved bramble twinflower crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed Peltigera spp Dicranum spp Cladinia spp

subalpine fir black huckleberry willows bunchberry five-leaved bramble twinflower crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed Peltigera spp Dicranum spp knight=s plume step moss Cladinia spp

Plots

9622537

Comments: This unit is similar to the SBSmc3/05 unit. Black spruce may be an associate species.



Description

BEC

FG - Bl - Huckleberry - Gooseberry

ESSFmv1/04

Typically occurs on gentle, lower to receiving slopes with deep soils; sites are subhygric and occur on medium to coarse-textured moranial and glaciaofluvial deposits.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed nodding wood-reed bluejoint

lodgepole pine black twinberry nodding wood-reed fireweed


lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

Englemann spruce subalpine Fir lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine black huckleberry willows black twinberry Indian hellebore Sitka valerian arctic lupine leafy aster bunchberry twinflower five-leaved bramble white hawkweed

black huckleberry willows bluejoint Indian hellebore Sitka valerian arctic lupine leafy aster bunchberry twinflower five-leaved bramble heart-leaved arnica

subalpine fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry black twinberry bunchberry twinflower fireweed heart-leaved arnica knight=s plume

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry black gooseberry black twinberry bunchberry dwarf blueberry twinflower crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot heart-leaved arnica knight=s plume

black huckleberry black gooseberry bunchberry twinflower pink wintergreen five-leaved bramble heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian crowberry fringed aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot step moss

black twinberry black gooseberry bunchberry twinflower pink wintergreen five-leaved bramble dwarf blueberry hear-leaved arnica palmate-leaved coltsfoot Dicranum spp

Plots

LLv45 LLv42

LLv45 LLv42

9622529 9622532 LLv55

9622528 9622535 9622542 CLv73 LLv53 LLv83 LLv121

Comments: Occasionally occurs on organic veneers. White-flowered rhododendron can be an associate to dominant species in this unit. Other associate species in later

successional stands that occur with less frequency include Indian hellebore, fireweed, wild strawberry, one-sided wintergreen, three-leaved foamflower, grouseberry, prickly rose, soopolallie, Dicaranum spp and glow moss.



Description:

BEC

LF-Pl-Feathermoss

ESSFmv1/00

Typically occurs on gentle slopes in lower slope receiving positions; deep medium-textured soil parent material is morainal or glaciofluvial; poor nutrient regime and subhygric to hygric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

dwarf blueberry leafy aster bluejoint fireweed

lodgepole pine scrub birch willows black twinberry prickly rose dwarf blueberry fireweed bluejoint

lodgepole pine scrub birch dwarf blueberry crowberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine scrub birch crowberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine Englemann spruce scrub birch dwarf blueberry crowberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Englemann spruce subalpine fir scrub birch dwarf blueberry crowberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

Associates

lodgepole pine scrub birch willows black twinberry prickly rose black huckleberry wild strawberry pink wintergreen bunchberry dwarf nagoonberry crowberry northern bedstraw heart-leaved arnica palmate-leaved coltsfoot

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry leafy aster wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica pink wintergreen crowberry bunchberry five-leaved bramble twinflower dwarf nagoonberry northern bedstraw palmate-leaved coltsfoot red-stemmed feathermoss

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry black twinberry prickly rose willows leafy aster bluejoint five-leaved bramble wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica pink wintergreen one-sided wintergreen twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot dwarf nagoonberry northern bedstraw fireweed glow moss

Englemann spruce subalpine fir blackspruce willows black huckleberry black twinberry prickly rose Labrador tea leafy aster bluejoint wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica one-sided wintergreen pink wintergreen twinflower palmate-leaved colstsfoot dwarf nagoonberry fireweed glow moss

subalpine fir black spruce black huckleberry black twinberry prickly rose willows Labrador tea leafy aster bluejoint heart-leaved arnica pink wintergreen palmate-leaved coltsfoot twinflower bunchberry wild strawberry five-leaved bramble dwarf nagoonberry fireweed common horsetail glow moss stepmoss

black spruce black huckleberry black twinberry willows prickly rose Labrador tea leafy aster bluejoint heart-leaved arnica bunchberry five-leaved bramble Pink wintergreen palmate-leaved coltsfoot wild strawberry twinflower dwarf nagoonberry fireweed common horsetail glow moss

Plots

LLv117

9622533



Comments: This unit is similar to the SBSmc3/06 unit. Uncommon and usually associated with wetlands. Sitka burnet, grouseberry and western meadowrue may be associate species in this unit.



Description

BEC

FH - Bl - Horsetail - Glow Moss

ESSFmv1/05

Level or depression with deep medium-textured soils and high water table with poor soil drainage. Parent materials include organic; fluvial or morainal on level or depressions.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed bluejoint

black twinberry fireweed bluejoint

Englemann spruce

Englemann Spruce

Englemann spruce black twinberry common horsetail step moss

Englemann spruce black twinberry common horsetail step moss glow moss

Associates 5-20% black twinberry Sitka valerian arrow-leaved groundsel Indian hellebore three-leaved foamflower fringed aster five-leaved bramble glow moss

Englemann spruce subalpine fir Sitka valerian arrow-leaved groundsel Indian hellebore fringed aster five-leaved bramble glow moss

subalpine fir lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry bunchberry common horsetail five-leaved bramble Sitka valerian fireweed bluejoint fringed aster arrow-leaved groundsel Indian hellebore glow moss

subalpine fir lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry Sitka valerian Common Horsetail five-leaved bramble three-leaved foamflower common miterwort bunchberry fringed aster heart-leaved arnica twinflower step moss glow moss

subalpine fir lodgepole pine black huckleberry black gooseberry Labrador tea Sitka valerian five-leaved bramble three-leaved foamflower common miterwort bunchberry fringed aster heart-leaved arnica twinflower crowberry glow moss sphagnums red-stemmed feathermoss

subalpine fir black gooseberry Labrador tea black huckleberry five-leaved bramble common miterwort Sitka valerian three-leaved foamflower bunchberry fringed aster heart-leaved arnica twinflower crowberry sphagnums red-stemmed feathermoss

Plots

9622618 LLv86 LLv122

Comments: Other common to abundant species that occur less frequently in later successional stands include oak fern, trailing raspberry, wild strawberry, grouseberry, palmate-

leaved coltsfoot, stiff clubmoss, fireweed and Drepanocladus spp



Description:

BEC

ES-Englemann spruce-Step moss

ESSFmv1/00

Site occurs on deep organic soils in depression; imperfect to poorly drained organic bog. These sites have a subhydric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b-7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Tall shrub to Old forest

Dominants

sedges fringed aster fireweed bluejoint

Englemann spruce black spruce willows Labrador tea scrub birch crowberry sedges

Englemann spruce black spruce willows Labrador tea scrub birch sedges crowberry bunchberry step moss glow moss

Associates

willows Labrador tea prickly rose scrub birch black twinberry common horsetail palmate-leaved coltsfoot dwarf nagoonberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus wild strawberry northern bedstraw cow parsnip Indian hellebore glow moss Drepanocladus spp

prickly rose black twinberry common horsetail bunchberry fringed aster bluejoint fireweed wild strawberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot dwarf nagoonberry twinflower fringed-grass-of-Parnassus northern bedstraw cow parsnip Indian hellebore step moss glow moss

subalpine fir prickly rose black twinberry twinflower leafy aster fireweed common horsetail dwarf nagoonberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot wild strawberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus northern bedstraw cow parsnip Indian hellebore step moss

Plots

9622531 LLv14 LLv15

Comments: Unit is similar to the SBSmc2/12: swamp forests; poorly drained sites with organic soils. Red bearberry and slimstem reedgrass may be associate species in the herb

layer. Associate mosses may include red-stemmed feathermoss, sphagnums and golden fuzzy fen moss.



Description:

BEC

SE-Sedge wetland

ESSFmv1/00

Site occurs in depressional terrain, deep organic soils; poor drainage.

Structural stage

2

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Dominants

water sedge beaked sedge bluegrasses bluejoint large-leaved avens

Associates

scrub birch willows sedges subalpine daisy purple daisy woodrushes horsetail arrow-leaved groundsel white marsh-marigold fringed grass-of-Parnassus dwarf nagoonberry white bog orchid marsh violet sitka burnet glow moss sphagnums leafy mosses golden fussy fen moss Bryum spp

Plots

9622629 LLv17



Description

BEC

SB-Sxw - Black Huckleberry; typic

SBSmc3/01

Typical situations are gentle to moderate, mid to upper slope with morainal blankets or veneers; deep medium-textured soils and average moisture availability.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7


Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed

lodgepole pine fireweed

lodgepole Pine red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

lodgepole pine black twinberry prickly rose red raspberry bluejoint bunchberry twinflower wild strawberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot yarrow juniper haircap moss

prickly rose black twinberry bunchberry twinflower red raspberry wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica palmate-leaved coltsfoot red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce soopolallie black twinberry prickly rose Sitka alder palmate-leaved coltsfoot dwarf blueberry twinflower black huckleberry heart-leaved arnica bunchberry knight=s plume

black huckleberry prickly rose Sitka alder soopolallie dwarf blueberry twinflower heart-leaved arnica fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot knight=s plume step moss

subalpine fir black huckleberry soopolallie black twinberry prickly rose Sitka alder dwarf blueberry twinflower heart-leaved arnica fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot step moss

subalpine fir Sitka alder soopolallie black huckleberry black twinberry prickly rose dwarf blueberry heart-leaved arnica twinflower fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot step moss

Plots

9622519 CLv8 CLv38 LLv61

CLv27 CLv29 CLv47 CLv50

9622585 9622623 CLv56 CLv92 LLv30 LLv105 LLv106 LLv108 LLv110

9622518 CLv5 CLv22 CLv26 CLv28 LLv80 CCv13 CCv32 CCv33

22520 LLv48 22546 LLv99 22625 CCv11 CLv53 CCv34 CLv88 CCv35 CLv82 CCv58 LLv10 LLv39 LLv40

CLv91

Comments: This unit occasionally occurs on glaciofluvial parent material. Trembling aspen and showy aster may be associate species in the 01 unit. The 05 unit may be

indistinguishable from the 01.



Description

BEC

LJ - Pl - Juniper - Dwarf Blueberry; typic to upper and crests

SBSmc3/02

Typic situations are gentle slopes with shallow soils; parent material includes morainal or colluvial veneers over bedrock. Due to shedding slope positions and coarse-textured soils, sites are dry (xeric moisture regime) .

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7


Shrub

Pole sapling (open stand)

Young forest (closed stand)

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

kinnikinnick red-stemmed feathermoss juniper haircap moss

lodgepole pine common juniper prickly rose kinnikinnick Red-Stemmed Feathermoss

lodgepole pine common juniper prickly rose kinnikinnick red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine kinnikinnick red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine common juniper prickly rose kinnikinnick red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine common juniper prickly rose kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates common juniper trembling aspen prickly rose soopolallie saskatoon dwarf blueberry spike-like goldenrod

trembling aspen soopolallie saskatoon dwarf blueberry spike-like goldenrod juniper haircap moss

trembling aspen black huckleberry saskatoon dwarf blueberry spike-like goldenrod juniper haircap moss

soopolallie saskatoon trembling aspen black huckleberry common juniper prickly rose twinflower dwarf blueberry Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce saskatoon soopolallie trembling aspen black huckleberry twinflower dwarf blueberry birch-leaved spirea Cladina spp Peltigera spp

hybrid white spruce saskatoon soopolallie trembling aspen black huckleberry birch-leaved spirea twinflower Cladina spp Peltigera spp

Plots

CLv2

CLv3 CLv80 CCv64

962265 CLv1 CLv49 CCv68

Comments: In the guide the herb layer has Fragaria virginiana listed in the herb layer; however, it was not observed in the field. Site also occurs on warm aspects.



Description

BEC

LF - Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina; typic

SBSmc3/03

Unit typically occurs on gentle slopes, deep coarse-textured soils with poor nutrient regime and subxeric moisture regime. Parent material is glaciofluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7


Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants dwarf blueberry kinnikinnick Cladina spp Cladonia spp juniper haircap moss

lodgepole pine kinnikinnick Cladina spp Cladonia spp juniper haircap moss


lodgepole pine kinnikinnick red-stemmed feathermoss Cladina spp



Associates soopolallie black huckleberry dwarf blueberry prickly rose birch-leaved spirea bunchberry

soopolallie black huckleberry prickly rose twinflower dwarf blueberry bunchberry birch-leaved spirea Dicaranum spp Peltigera spp red-stemmed feathermoss

soopolallie prickly rose black huckleberry twinflower dwarf blueberry birch-leaved spirea kinnikinnick bunchberry Cladina spp Cladonia spp Dicaranum spp Peltigera spp

hybird white spruce soopolallie black huckleberry prickly rose dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower birch-leaved spirea Cladina spp Cladonia spp Dicaranum spp Peltigera spp

hybird white spruce soopolallie black huckleberry prickly rose twinflower dwarf blueberry bunchberry birch-leaved spirea Cladonia spp Dicaranum spp Peltigera spp

hybird white spruce soopolallie black huckleberry prickly rose twinflower dwarf blueberry bunchberry birch-leaved spirea Cladonia spp Dicaranum spp Peltigera spp

Plots

CLv58

LLv27 CCv71

9622586 LLv104 9622642 CCv51 CLv14 CCv60 CCv62 CLv30 LLv89 LLv101

9622536 CCv2 CLv23 CCv63 CLv72 LLv66 LLv67 LLv109 CCv1

Comments: Slope position occurs on upper slopes - crests or level. Site is common on coarse-textured fluvial or glaciofluvial terraces and ridges. Can also occur on warm aspects.

Kinnikinnick is sometimes lacking in this unit.



Description

BEC

SS - Sxw - Huckleberry-Soopolallie; typic

SBSmc3/04

Unit typically occurs on significant slope (>25%); deep medium-textured soil; poor nutrient regime; submesic moisture regime. It is common on warm aspects in mid to upper slope positions; parent material is glaciofluvial; occasionally morainal.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose

lodgepole pine twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine soopolallie twinflower bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine soopolallie twinflower bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

soopolallie red raspberry bunchberry ground-cedar birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry showy aster fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss

red raspberry black huckleberry highbrush cranberry Sitka alder twinflower bunchberry showy aster ground-cedar birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss

soopolallie black huckleberry prickly rose birch-leaved spirea showy aster heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry fireweed bunchberry wild strawberry one-sided wintergreen freckle pelt

hybrid white spruce black huckleberry prickly rose Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica showy aster dwarf blueberry bunchberry fireweed one-sided wintergreen freckle pelt knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black huckleberry prickly rose Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica showy aster dwarf blueberry fireweed freckle pelt knight=s plume Dicranum spp

hybrid white spruce black huckleberry prickly rose Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica showy aster dwarf blueberry fireweed freckle pelt knight=s plume Dicranum spp

Plots

CLv12

9622584 CCv30 CLv36 CCv40 CLv52 CCv53 LLv9 LLv100 LLv107 CCv28

9622655 CLv79 CCv7 CCv52

LLv40 VVL81



Comments: Common on warm aspects. SBSmc3 Description

BEC

BH - Sb - Huckleberry - Spirea; typic

SBSmc3/05

Gentle slope; deep, medium - textured soil; poor nutrient regime, submesic to mesic, morainal, glaciofluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed

fireweed birch-leaved spirea

lodgepole pine red -stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine red -stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine red -stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black spruce black huckleberry knight=s plume red -stemmed feathermoss

Associates

lodgepole pine birch-leaved spirea red raspberry prickly rose bunchberry dwarf blueberry twinflower bluejoint Cladina Spp

lodgepole pine birch-leaved spirea red raspberry prickly rose soopolallie bunchberry dwarf blueberry twinflower bluejoint Cladina spp

black spruce soopolallie prickly rose twinflower dwarf blueberry bunchberry birch-leaved spirea fireweed freckle pelt Cladina spp

black spruce hybrid white spruce black huckleberry soopolallie prickly rose crowberry twinflower bunchberry dwarf blueberry fireweed heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea Cladina spp freckle pelt knight=s plume

black spruce hybrid white spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry soopolallie prickly rose crowberry twinflower bunchberry dwarf blueberry heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea Cladina spp freckle pelt knight=s plume step moss Dicranum spp

subalpine fir soopolallie prickly rose crowberry twinflower bunchberry dwarf blueberry birch-leaved spirea Cladina spp freckle pelt step moss Dicranum spp

Plots

CLv54

9622654

CLv11 CCv26 CLv86 CCv53 LLv63 CCv15 CCv10 CCv20

CLv15 CCv57 CLv18 LLv120 CLv20 CLv25 CLv90 CCv20 CCv50

CLv89 CCv2



Comments: Criteria for mapping the 05 was based on the following: level to gently sloping terrain (<10%); Pl or Pl(S) dominated tree cover, morainal or glaciofluvial parent material. Labrador tea and palmate-leaved coltsfoot may be associate species on moist sites on this unit.

Description

BEC

BF - SbPl - Feathermoss; typic

SBSmc3/06

Gentle slope, lower slope receiving positions; deep medium-textured soil; poor nutrient regime imperfect drainage, morainal and glacio(fluvial) parent material.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed

lodgepole pine black twinberry Labrador tea fireweed


lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

lodgepole pine Labrador tea red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

Associates crowberry Labrador tea black twinberry willows palmate-leaved coltsfoot bunchberry dwarf blueberry bluejoint fringed ster wild strawberry

hybrid white spruce willows crowberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot dwarf blueberry twinflower bunchberry dwarf blueberry bluejoint fringed ster wild strawberry

hybrid white spruce crowberry bunchberry Labrador tea dwarf blueberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot knight=s plume step moss

hybrid white spruce black spruce subalpine fir black twinberry Labrador tea crowberry bunchberry dwarf blueberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot creeping snowberry

hybrid white spruce black spruce subalpine fir soopolallie black huckleberry black twinberry crowberry bunchberry twinflower one-sided wintergreen creeping snowberry dwarf blueberry Cladina spp

black spruce subalpine fir soopolallie black huckleberry black twinberry crowberry bunchberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot creeping snowberry Cladina spp

Plots

CLv74 CCv50

CLv40 CLv70 CLv85 LLv62 LLv98

Comments: Uncommon and usually associated with wetlands. Five-leaved bramble and scrub birch may be associate species in this unit.



Description

BEC

ST - Sxw - Twinberry

SBSmc3/07

Gentle slope, lower slope, receiving positions; deep, medium-textured soil, subhygric moisture regime, medium to rich nutrients, morainal or (glacio)fluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry

lodgepole pine black twinberry Sitka alder fireweed


lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce twinflower bunchberry step moss red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black twinberry twinflower bunchberry step moss red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

black twinberry Sitka alder Prickly rose black gooseberry yarrow leafy aster fringed aster northern bedstraw palmate-leaved coltsfoot fowl bluegrass

hybrid white spruce Sitka alder prickly rose black gooseberry twinflower wild strawberry yarrow northern bedstraw palmate-leaved coltsfoot leafy aster fringed aster step moss

black twinberry prickly rose twinflower wild strawberry fireweed western meadowrue heart-leaved arnica bunchberry showy aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot leafy aster fringed aster common mitrewort step moss knight=s plume

Sitka alder black huckleberry black twinberry black gooseberry prickly rose bunchberry showy aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed twinflower birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica horsetail wild strawberry northern bedstraw common mitrewort knight=s plume

lodgepole pine subalpine fir black gooseberry black huckleberry black twinberry prickly rose Sitka alder soopolallie palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry common mitrewort leafy aster

subalpine fir black gooseberry black huckleberry prickly rose Sitka alder soopolallie palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry common mitrewort leafy aster trailing raspberry

Plots

CLv8 CLv47 CLv57

LLv30 LLv76

9622587 CLv10 CLv13 CLv39 CCv54

962269 9622626 CCv4 CCv66

Comments: Common especially on lower slope positions. These units have a high diversity of plants. Black spruce, trembling aspen and western meadowrue may be associate species

in this unit. Thimbleberry may be common in early successional stages. Horsetail may be an associate species on moister sites of the ecounit.



Description

BEC

SH - Sxw - Horsetail; typic

SBSmc3/08

Site typically occurs in the toe slope, depression to level sites; deep, medium-textured soil; seepage typical soil moisture and nutrient regime are hypic and medium to rich respectively. Fluvial parent material.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed leafy aster

black twinberry red raspberry prickly rose

hybrid white spruce

hybrid white spruce step moss

hybrid white spruce common horsetail step moss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry common horsetail step moss red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates hybrid white spruce black gooseberry black twinberry red raspberry willows prickly rose common horsetail trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot fived-leaved bramble wild strawberry bluejoint sedges fringed aster

hybrid white spruce black gooseberry willows trailing raspberry fireweed common horsetail palmate-leaved coltsfoot leafy aster fived-leaved bramble wild strawberry bluejoint sedges fringed aster

willows black twinberry prickly rose trailing raspberry fireweed common horsetail wild strawberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot bluejoint fireweed

black twinberry red swamp currant prickly rose black gooseberry bunchberry wild strawberry trailing raspberry common horsetail palmate-leaved coltsfoot bluejoint fireweed common mitrewort leafy mosses red-stemmed feathermoss

black twinberry red swamp currant prickly rose black gooseberry willows bunchberry wild strawberry bluejoint trailing raspberry fireweed common mitrewort leafy mosses sphagnums red-stemmed feathermoss

red swamp currant prickly rose black gooseberry willows bunchberry bluejoint trailing raspberry fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot common mitrewort sedges leafy mosses sphagnums

Plots

CLv43

9622641 CLv17

CLv84 CLv87 LLv65

Comments: Common, but small in size and associated with streams or rivers. This unit also occurs on organic parent material. Sphagnum mosses may be the dominant moss in late

successional stands of the peaty phase (SHp) of this unit. Sitka alder, northern black currant and oak fern may be associate species in the unit.



Description

BEC

BB-SbSxw-Scrub Birch-Sedge; typic

SBSmc3/09

Site occurs in organic wetlands; subhydric poot tp moderate nutrient regime, common at lower elevations associated with depression landscape.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Tall shrub

Dominants

water sedge bluejoint red swamp currant marsh cinquefoil beaked sedge

water sedge Sitka alder willows scrub birch sedges bluejoint

black spruce willows Sitka alder scrub birch bluejoint water sedge sphagnums

Associates

black spruce willows red swamp currant horsetails sphagnum

black spruce Labrador tea red swamp currant highbrush cranberry horsetails marsh cinquefoil beaked sedge sedges sphagnums glow moss

Labrador tea highbrush cranberry beaked sedge sedges marsh cinquefoil horsetails glow moss leafy moss golden fuzzy fen moss

Plots

CLv16

9622651 9622662 CLv51



Description:

BEC

SW-Scrub birch-Willow carr

SBSmc3/00

Sites occur in depressional landscapes; receiving positions, deep medium-textured soils. Organic veneers over glaciofluvial blankets and flood plain

Structural stage

2

0.125

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Dominants

sedges large-leaved avens great northern aster wild strawberry American vetch fringed aster glow moss palmate-leaved coltsfoot

willows scrub birch large-leaved avens sedges bluejoint glow moss

Associates

willows black twinberry scrub birch western meadowrue Columbia brome water sedge kinnickinnick dwarf nagoonberry yarrow fireweed arrow-leaved groundsel northern mannagrass early blue violet marsh valerian

black twinberry great northern aster wild strawberry American vetch western meadowrue Columbia brome water sedge northern mannagrass fringed aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot kinnickinnick dwarf nagoonberry yarrow fireweed arrow-leaved groundsel early blue violet marsh valerian

Plots

CCv61 CCv65 CLv55 9622517

Comments: This unit may correspond to the WT - Willow Carr (Willow Species-twinberry) site series previously described for the SBSdk/mc subzones and included in the draft



provincial map code report (RIC, 1998).



Description:

BEC

WS - Willow - Sedge wetland

SBSmc3/00

Typical situation is low shrub dominated wetlands on deep organic soils in depression landforms. Poorly drained soil with (hygric) to subhydric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2 Grass-forb

3 low shrub

3a tall shrub

Plant Species

Wet meadow

Dominants

water sedge beaked sedge horsetails sphagnums bluejoint sedges

water sedge beaked sedge sphaghums

scrub birch willows Labrador tea water sedge sedges sphagnums

Associates

willows scrub birch large-leaved avens march cinquefoil golden fuzzy fen moss

willows scrub birch sedges bluejoint marsh cinquefoil horsetails large-leaved avens golden fuzzy fen moss drepanocladus mosses giant water moss

black spruce marsh cinquefoil bluejoints horsetails large-leaved avens crowberry bog cranberry golden fuzzy fen moss glow moss drepanocladus mosses

Plots



Description:

BEC

SE-Sedge wetland

SBSmc3/00

Site occurs on mineral and organic parent material in depresional or level terrain.

Structural stage

2 Grass-forb

Plant Species

wetmeadows

Dominants

water sedge sedges bluegrasses bluejoint common green sphagnum

Associates

willows common sweet grass common dandelion western fescue palmate-leaved coltsfoot meadow buttercup American vetch alpine arnica long-stalked starwort dwarf nagoonberry willowherbs creeping bentgrass common timothy yarrow graceful cinquefoil large-leaved avens violet rushes horsetails red-stemmed feathermoss giant water mosses glowmoss

Plots

962266 LLv8 CLv19 CLv31 CCv70

Comments: Unit may be similar to the SBSdk Carex Fen (CF). Sedge dominated wet meadows on mineral soils or shallow organic veneers over mineral and sedge fens/marshes on

organic soils are indistinguishable by air photo interpretation.



Description:

BEC

TC-Lodgepole pine-Cladina

SBPSmc/00

Site is typically found in upper slope position or crest; very xeric moisture regime with shallow soils or exposed rock. Parent material is rock or colluvial.

Structural stage

2

3 - 7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub - old forest

Dominants

three-toothed saxifrage Cladina spp.

lodgepole pine kinnikinnick Cladinia Spp

Associates

lodgepole pine trembling aspen red raspberry kinnickinnick western fescue parsley fern Cladonia spp

trembling aspen dwarf blueberry three-toothed saxifrage western fescue riecgrasses Cladonia spp Peltigera spp Stereocaulon spp red stemmed feathermoss

Plots

LLv94

Comments: Open stands of stunted lodgepole pine on dry, shallow soil to bedrock sites.



Description

BEC

LF-Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina

SBPSmc/01

Site occurs on gentle slopes; deep, medium-textured soils; morainal, or glaciofluvial

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed dwarf blueberry wild strawberry

lodgepole pine dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss



hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

lodgepole pine soopolallie willows bunchberry kinnikinnick bluejoint asters Cladina spp Cladonia spp

soopolallie prickly rose willows kinnikinnick twinflower wild strawberry fireweed bunchberry asters palmate-leaved coltsfoot Cladina spp Peltigera spp glow moss

hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose kinnikinnick bunchberry wild strawberry fireweed twinflower asters palmate-leaved coltsfoot Peltigera spp glow moss

hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose dwarf blueberry wild strawberry fireweed twinflower bunchberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot ricegrass Dicranum spp Cladina spp Peltigera spp

hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose dwarf blueberry kinnikinnick twinflower bunchberry fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot ricegrass step moss Dicranum spp Cladina spp Peltigera spp

hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose dwarf blueberry kinnikinnick twinflower bunchberry fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot ricegrass step moss Dicranum spp Cladina spp Peltigera spp

Plots

LLv97

LLv74 LLv93

LLv23 LLv70

9622544 LLv51 LLv68

Comments: Common, wide spread and large. Palmate-leaved coltsfoot was observed to be a dominate species on a fine-textured soil phase of this unit. Kinnikinnick and Cladina

spp are lacking on cool aspects sites, while Peltigera spp and dwarf blueberry were observed to be more prominent on cool aspects.



Description

BEC

LC-Pl - Kinnikinnick - Cladina

SBPSmc/02

Typical site occurs on gentle slope; deep coarse - textured soils, glaciofluvial or colluvial veneers

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

kinnikinnick

lodgepole pine kinnikinnick

lodgepole pine


lodgepole pine kinnikinnick Cladonia spp Cladina spp

lodgepole pine soopolallie kinnikinnick Cladina spp Cladonia spp

Associates

lodgepole pine prickly rose soopolallie dwarf blueberry fireweed ricegrass northern bedstraw spike-like goldenrod Cladina spp Cladonia spp

soopolallie prickly rose wild strawberry ricegrass northern bedstraw dwarf blueberry fireweed spike-like goldenrod Cladina spp Cladonia spp Peltigera spp

soopolallie prickly rose kinnikinnick common juniper dwarf blueberry rice grass fireweed wild strawberry Cladina spp red-stemmed feathermoss Peltigera spp

common juniper soopolallie prickly rose northern bedstraw dwarf blueberry ricegrass birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry Cladina spp Peltigera spp

hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose common juniper northern bedstraw ricegrass birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss Peltigera spp Sterocaulon spp

hybrid white spruce prickly rose northern bedstraw ricegrass birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry wild strawberry Cladina spp red-stemmed feathermoss Peltigera spp Sterocaulon spp

Plots

9622547

LLv73

Comments: Common, but localized on eskers and other glaciofluvial landforms



Description

BEC

BF-SbPl - feathermoss

SBPSmc/03

Site occurs on gentle slopes; deep medium-textured soils with poor nutrient status; submesic to mesic moisture regime; parent material is morainal blankets with glaciofluvial deposits.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

black huckleberry



lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine black spruce Labrador tea red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume step moss

Associates

black huckleberry Labrador tea prickly rose black twinberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot crowberry Cladina spp

prickly rose black twinberry twinflower bunchberry red raspberry dwarf blueberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot crowberry Cladina spp

black spruce black huckleberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot crowberry Peltigera spp

Labrador tea black huckleberry bunchberry crowberry twinflower black spruce palmate-leaved coltsfoot stiff clubmoss Peltigera spp knight=s plume

black spruce Labrador tea black huckleberry bunchberry crowberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot stiff clubmoss Peltigera spp Cladina spp step moss

black huckleberry black twinberry bunchberry crowberry twinflower stiff clubmoss palmate-leaved coltsfoot Peltigera spp Cladina spp

Plots

Comments: Scattered, most common on cool northerly aspects. This unit was mapped by air photo interpretation using similar criteria as for both the SBSmc3 05 (BH) and the

SBSmc2 the 03(BM) units. The criteria includes level stands (<10% slope), Pl or Pl(S) dominated tree cover and morainal or glaciofluvial parent material.



Description

BEC

SB-Sxw - scrub brich - feathermoss

SBPSmc/04

Typically lower slope to toe positions, receiving moisture; deep medium - textures soils, imperfectly to poorly drained soils; morainal parent material; poor nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants wild strawberry bluejoint fireweed

lodgepole pine scrub birch willows bluejoint


lodgepole pine red-stemmed feathermoss Labrador tea scrub birch

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce red-stemmed feathermoss step moss scrub birch

hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine scrub birch red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

Associates willows prickly rose scrub birch bunchberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Labrador tea soopolallie prickly rose fireweed wild strawberry bunchberry dwarf blueberry twinflower

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea scrub birch soopolallie wild strawberry bunchberry fireweed dwarf blueberry prickly rose bluejoint twinflower heart-leaved arnica Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce wild strawberry bunchberry soopolallie fireweed dwarf blueberry prickly rose heart-leaved arnica bluejoint twinflower crowberry step moss Cladina spp Peltigera ssp

Labrador tea prickly rose willows dwarf blueberry bunchberry bluejoint crowberry twinflower heart-leaved arnica Cladina spp glow moss Peltigera spp

Labrador tea prickly rose willows dwarf blueberry bunchberry bluejoint twinflower heart-leaved arnica crowberry Cladina spp glow moss Peltigera spp

Plots

LLv96

LLv72

9622545

Comments: Common, but generally localized as imperfectly drained fringes around wetlands. Black twinberry, high-btruch cranberry, bastard toad-flax and wood horsetail may be

associate species.



Description

BEC

SO-Sxw - horsetail

SBPSmc/05

Lower slope to toe positions adjacent to streams and rivers that receive moisture; deep medium-textured soils, seasonally fluctuating water table, parent material usually fluvial, occasionally lacustrine or glaciofluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry

black twinberry prickly rose


lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce black twinberry common horsetail red-stemmed feathermoss step moss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce common horsetail red-stemmed feathermoss step moss knight=s plume

Associates

black twinberry prickly rose black gooseberry high-brush cranberry mountain alder common horsetail northern bedstraw bunchberry fringed aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot

black gooseberry high-brush cranberry mountain alder fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry common horsetail northern bedstraw bunchberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot fringed aster

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose common horsetail bunchberry fireweed wild strawberry northern bedstraw twinflower fringed aster heart-leaved arnica

black twinberry prickly rose common horsetail dwarf blueberry bunchberry wild strawberry twinflower northern bedstraw fireweed heart-leaved arnica palmate leaved coltsfoot knight=s plume step moss

prickly rose mountain alder dwarf blueberry bunchberry wild strawberry common mitrewort twinflower northern bedstraw fireweed palmate leaved coltsfoot heart-leaved arnica

prickly rose mountain alder dwarf blueberry bunchberry wild strawberry common mitrewort twinflower northern bedstraw fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfootheart-leaved arnica

Plots

9622583

962025 LLv69

Comments: Restricted to lower and toe slopes adjacent to streams and rivers. This unit contains a high diversity of pant species. Other associate species include sooplallie, yarrow,

five-leaved bramble, Sitka burnet, bastard toad-flax, american vetch, creamy peavine an leafy mosses.



Description

BEC

SH-Sxw - Horsetail - Glow moss

SBPSmc/06

Typical sites are toe to depression; deep medium-textured soils, high water table; parent material consists of morainal, fluvial and organic blankets.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed bluejoint sedges

black twinberry willows prickly rose sedges fireweed bluejoint

hybrid white spruce black twinberry bluejoint fireweed

hybrid white spruce wood horsetail

hybrid white spruce black twinberry wood horsetail common horsetail step moss glow moss leafy mosses

hybrid white spruce black twinberry wood horsetail common horsetail step moss glow moss leafy mosses

Associates trailing raspberry black twinberry black gooseberry northern black currant mountain alder willows prickly rose common horsetail wood horsetail bunchberry fringed aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot

hybrid white spruce black gooseberry northern black currant mountain alder trailing raspberry common horsetail wood horsetail bunchberry fringed aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot

willows black gooseberry prickly rose trailing raspberry wood horsetail common horsetail sedges common mitrewort palmate-leaved coltsfoot bunchberry leafy mosses glow moss

black twinberry willows black gooseberry bluejoint common horsetail sedges bunchberry common mitrewort palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry twinflower leafy moss red-stemmed feathermoss step moss glow moss

willows black gooseberry prickly rose northern black currant trailing raspberry sedges common mitrewort bluejoint palmate-leaved coltsfoot bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss sphagnums

willows black gooseberry northern black currant trailing raspberry common mitrewort sedges bunchberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot bluejoint red-stemmed feathermoss sphagnums

Plots

LLv90

Comments: Uncommon, and generally small. Black spruce may be an associate species in this unit.



Description

BEC

BB - Sb - Scrub birch-Sedge

SBPSmc/07

Organic bog wetland in depressional landscapes; subhydric moisture regime, poor nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Tall Shrub

Dominants

water sedge sphagnums glow moss

Labrador tea scrub birch willows water sedge spahgnums glow moss

black spruce Labrador tea scrub birch willows water sedge sphagnums glow moss

Associates

black spruce willows scrub birch bog laurel crowberry sedges creeping snowberry golden fuzzy fen moss

black spruce crowberry bog laurel sedges creeping snowberry golden fuzzy fen moss

crowberry bog laurel sedges creeping snowberry bog cranberry golden fuzzy fen moss Cladina spp

Plots

Comments: Scattered throughout the landscape, but never covering extensive areas.



Description

BEC

CD - Act - Dogwood - Prickly rose

SBPSmc/00

This unit typically occurs on deep, coarse-textured soils of active floodplains. Soil moisture regime is subhygric to hygric and soil nutrient regime is rich to very rich.

Structural Stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint fireweed fringed aster pink wintergreen

black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood bluejoint fireweed fringed aster pink wintergreen

dense stands of: black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood bluejoint

dense forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint

closed forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint

closed forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint

Associates

black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood prickly rose highbush cranberry American vetch trailing raspberry common horsetail

paper birch prickly rose highbush cranberry American vetch trailing raspberry common horsetail

paper birch prickly rose highbush cranberry pink wintergreen fireweed fringed aster trailing raspberry common horsetail


hybrid white spruce paper birch prickly rose hihgbush cranberry blue wildrye mountain sweet- cicely pink wintergreen trailing raspberry common horsetail leafy mosses

hybrid white spruce prickly rose hihgbush cranberry blue wildrye mountain sweet-cicely pink wintergreen trailing raspberry common horsetail leafy mosses

Plots

Comments: This unit is restricted to active fluvial landforms adjacent to larger rivers and is similar to the SBSdk 08 unit. Sites are subject to periodic flooding. The unit is considered

a mid bench flood site unit. It also represents the "Act - Mountain Alder - Black Twinberry" preliminary mid bench unit in which the shrub layer is dominated by mountain alder and black twinberry.



Description:

BEC

SW-Scrub birch-Willow carr

SBPSmc/00

Site occurs on level or depressional terrain with deep medium-textured soils; subhygric moisture regime. Parent material is variable

Structural stage

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Low shrub

Tall shrub

Dominants

willows scrub birch

willows scrub birch

Associates

wild strawberry blue wildrye dwarf-scouring rush Sitka burnet racemose pussytoes sedges large-leaved avens bluejoint asters violets palmate-leaved coltsfoot kinnikinnick yarrow fireweed dwarf nagoonberry marsh valerian glow moss

wild strawberry blue wildrye dwarf-scouring rush Sitka burnet racemose pussytoes sedges large-leaved avens bluejoint asters violets palmate-leaved coltsfoot kinnikinnick yarrow fireweed dwarf nagoonberry marsh valerian glow moss

Plots

LLv91

Comments: This unit may be similar to the WT willow carr (willow species - twinberry) site series previously described for the SBSdk/mc subzones and included in the draft provincial

map code report (RIC, 1998)



Description:

BEC

SE-Sedge wetland

SBPSmc/00

Sedge dominated wetlands that occur on mineral or organic parent material on level or depression terrain with a subhydric to hydric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

2

Plant Species

Wet meadow

fen/marsh

Dominants

water sedge bluegrasses awned sedge beaked sedge

water sedge beaked sedge sphagnums

Associates

willows. blue wildrye common dandelion yarrow bluejoint sedges large-leaved avens rayless mountain butterweed long-stalked starwort willow herbs dwarf nagoonberry violets rushes horsetails glow moss

willows scrub birch sedges bluejoint marsh cinquefoil horsetails large-leaved avens golden fuzzy fen moss drepanocladus mosses

Plots

LLv7 LLv58 LLv92

LLv24

Comments: Wet meadows may be similar to the CA (Cow parsnip - large-leaved avens) unit described for the SBSdk subzone and the sedge/fen marsh. Units may be similar to the

SBSdk CF (Carex Fen) eco-unit. Wet meadows occur on mineral soils or organic veneers over mineral while sedge fen/marsh units usually occur on organic blankets.



Description

BEC

JC-Se-Juniper-Cladina

ESSFmvpl/00

Typically this unit is located on crests or in upper slope positions with shallow coarse-textured soils. These sites have a poor nutrient regime and xeric to subxeric moisture regime. The parent material is either colluvial or rock.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Tall shrub

Dominants

net-veined willow pink mountain-heather yellow mountain-heather

Englemann spruce pink mountain-heather yellow mountain-heather

Englemann spruce net-veined willow pink mountain-heather yellow mountain-heather

Associates

Englemann spruce subalpine fir scrub birch arctic willow common juniper kinnikinnick crowberry three-toothed saxifrage mountain sagewort moss campion alpine pussytoes cinquefoils white-flowered avens Bellard=s kobresia northern goldenrod awned haircap moss Cladina spp Sterocaulon spp Cetraria spp blistered rocktripe

subalpine fir lodgepole pine scrub birch arctic willow common juniper kinnikinnick crowberry mountain sagewort alpine pussytoes cinquefoils white-flowered avens Bellard=s kobresia northern goldenrod awned haircap moss Cladina spp Sterocaulon spp Cetraria spp

subalpine fir lodgepole pine scrub birch arctic willow common juniper kinnikinnick crowberry mountain sagewort alpine pussytoes cinquefoils white-flowered avens Bellard=s kobresia northern goldenrod awned haircap moss Cladina spp Sterocaulon spp Cetraria spp

Plots

9622627 9622630 LLv19

LLv20

Comments: While this site is generally found on crest or upper slopes it can also occur on warm aspects slopes with colluvial soils. Dry, rocky and /or wind blown sites of this ecounit

may lack mountain heathers and have higher prominences of white-mountain avens, Bellard kobresia, Cetraria lichens and blistered rock tripe. Other associate species in this unit may include sedges, alpine sweet grass, mountain harebells and Alectoria ochroleuca.



Description

BEC

BM-Bl-Mountain heather

ESSFmvpl/00

This unit typically occurs on moderate to gentle slopes with shallow, coarse-textured soils that have a poor nutrient regime and subxeric to submesic moisture regime. Parent material is either morainal or colluvial,

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants pink mountain-heather yellow mountain-heather

subalpine fir willows pink mountain-heather yellow mountain-heather

subalpine fir willows pink mountain- heather yellow mountain- heather

subalpine fir yellow mountain- heather pink mountain-heather Barbilophozia spp Dicranum spp

subalpine fir black huckleberry yellow mountain- heather pink mountain-heather Barbilophozia spp Dicranum spp

Englemann spruce subalpine fir yellow mountain- heather pink mountain- heather black huckleberry

Associates subalpine fir willows white-flowered rhododendron northern anemone mountain sagewrt Indian hellebore Sitka valerian five-leaved bramble dwarf blueberry Cladina spp

white-flowered rhododendron northern anemone mountain sagewrt Indian hellebore Sitka valerian five-leaved bramble dwarf blueberry Cladina spp

Englemann spruce lodgepole pine white-flowered rhododendron willows northern anemone Indian hellebore Sitka valerian five-leaved bramble mountain sagewort dwarf blueberry Barbilophozia spp Dicranum spp

Englemann spruce lodgepole pine scrub birch white-flowered rhododendron five-leaved bramble heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian Indian hellebore northern anemone mountain sagewort heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry

Englemann spruce lodgepole pine scrub birch white-flowered rhododendron arctic willow five-leaved bramble Sitka valerian heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore northern anemone mountain sagewort dwarf blueberry

scrub birch white-flowered rhododendron arctic willow five-leaved bramble Sitka valerian heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore northern anemone mountain sagewort dwarf blueberry

Plots

9622632

9622540 9622628 LLv21

Comments: This unit was mapped on significant warm or cool aspects (greater than 25% slope).



Description

BEC

SS-Bl-Black huckleberry-Sitka valerian

ESSFmvp1/00

This unit typically occurs on deep medium-textured soils on moist sites in mid to lower slope positions. Soils are typically derived from morainal parent material and have a poor nutrient regime and a mesic to subhygric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

Sitka Valerian Indian hellebore leafy aster

subalpine fir black huckleberry Sitka Valerian Indian hellebore leafy aster

subalpine fir black huckleberry

subalpine fir black huckleberry

subalpine fir Englemann spruce black huckleberry

Englemann spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry Barbilophozia spp Dicranum spp

Associates

subalpine fir black huckleberry heart-leaved arnica mountain sagewort crowberry arrow-leaved groundsel

Englemann spruce heart-leaved arnica mountain sagewort crowberry arrow-leaved groundsel

Englemann spruce heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian one-sided wintergreen mountain sagewort crowberry Indian hellebore leafy aster arrow-leaved groundsel

Englemann spruce heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian mountain sagewort crowberry one-sided wintergreen Indian hellebore leafy aster arrow-leaved groundsel

mountain sagewort heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian one-sided wintergreen crowberry Indian hellebore leafy aster arrow-leaved groundsel Barbilophozia spp Dicranum spp

heart-leaved arnica Sitka valerian mountain sagewort one-sided wintergreen crowberry Indian hellebore leafy aster arrow-leaved groundsel

Plots

9622631



Description:

BEC

SP-SxwFd - Pinegrass

SBSdw3/01

Site typically occurs on gentle slope, mid slope position (lower) or upper with northerly aspect; deep medium-textured soils

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bunchberry showy aster queen=s cup fireweed

lodgepole pine prickly rose trembling aspen queen=s cup showy aster bunchberry fireweed

lodgepole pine bunchberry queen=s cup

lodgepole pine queen=s cup bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce Douglas fir lodgepole pine birch-leaved spirea queen=s cup showy aster bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce Douglas fir birch-leaved spirea queen=s cup showy aster bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine prickly rose black twinberry highbrush cranberry thimbleberry Sitka alder trembling aspen heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea pinegrass

Douglas fir hybrid white spruce black twinberry thimbleberry Sitka alder highbrush cranberry twinflower birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica pinegrass

Douglas fir trembling aspen hybrid white spruce thimbleberry black twinberry highbrush cranberry prickly rose twinflower heart-leaved arnica showy aster pinegrass birch-leaved spirea red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce trembling aspen Douglas fir trembling aspen black twinberry thimbleberry highbrush cranberry prickly rose showy aster birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica twinflower false Solomon=s seal pinegrass knight=s plume

prickly rose highbrush cranberry black twinberry thimbleberry twinflower heat-leaved arnica false Solomon=s-seal

prickly rose highbrush cranberry black twinberry thimbleberry twinflower heat-leaved arnica false Solomon=s-seal

Plots

Comments: Common and widespread. The abundance of Sitka alder is variable.



Description:

BEC

DC-FdPl-Cladonia

SBSdw3/02

Site occurs on significant slope, warm aspect, deep coarse- textured soil. Variable parent material; often shallow to bedrock. Xeric to sub-xeric moisture regime, poor to medium nutrient regime

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

dwarf blueberry kinnickinnick field pussy toes Cladonia spp

lodgepole pine Douglas fir saskatoon prickly rose field pussy toes kinnickinnick Cladonia spp

lodgepole pine birch-leaved spirea kinnickinnick field pussytoes Cladonia spp

lodgepole pine soopolallie birch-leaved spirea kinnickinnick rough-leaved ricegrass field pussy toes Peltigera spp Cladina spp

Douglas fir lodgepole pine soopolallie birch-leaved spirea kinnickinnick twinflower Peltigera spp Cladina spp

Douglas fir lodgepole pine soopolallie birch-leaved spirea kinnickinnick twinflower Peltigera spp Cladina spp

Associates

lodgepole pine Douglas fir soopolallie saskatoon black huckleberry prickly rose rough-fruited fairy bells birch-leaved spirea rough-leaved ricegrass Cladina spp Peltigera spp

soopolallie black huckleberry dwarf blueberry rough-fruited fairy bells birch-leaved spirea rough-leaved ricegrass Cladina spp Peltigera spp

Douglas fir saskatoon soopolallie prickly rose black huckleberry dwarf blueberry rough-fruited fairy bells rough-leaved ricegrass Cladina spp Peltigera spp

Douglas fir prickly rose saskatoon black huckleberry rough-fruited fairy bells dwarf blueberry bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss wavy-leaved moss Cladonia spp

prickly rose saskatoon black huckleberry rough-fruited fairy bells dwarf blueberry bunchberry rough-leaved rice grass field pussy toes red-stemmed feathermoss wavy-leaved moss Cladonia spp

prickly rose saskatoon black huckleberry rough-leaved rice grass rough-fruited fairy bells dwarf blueberry bunchberry field pussy toes red-stemmed feathermoss wavy-leaved moss Cladonia spp

Plots

Comments: Uncommon, restricted to south-facing coarse-textured eskers or sites with bedrock close to the surface.



Description:

BEC

SR - Sxwd - Ricegrass

SBSdw3/04

Typically occurs on gentle slopes with deep coarse-textured soils derived from variable parent materials. Sites have submesic moisture regime and poor to rich nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed

lodgepole pine prickly rose trembling aspen fireweed


hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine wild sarsaparilla red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine wild sarsaparilla red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce wild sarsaparilla red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume wavy-leaved moss

Associates

paper birch lodgepole pine Sitka alder trembling aspen highbrush cranberry prickly rose saskatoon heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea bunchberry false Solomon=s-seal prince=s pine

paper birch highbrush cranberry saskatoon heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea bunchberry false Solomon=s-seal prince=s pine

hybrid white spruce trembling aspen paper birch prickly rose Sitka alder wild sarsaparilla fireweed heart-leaved arncia one-sided wintergreen twinflower prince=s pine knight=s plume

trembling aspen paper birch prickly rose bunchberry twinflower heart-leaved arnica one-sided wintergreen trailing raspberry prince=s pine freckled pelt golden ragged moss wavy-leaved moss

paper birch prickly rose Sitka alder highbrush cranberry trailing raspberry bunchberry bastard toad-flax one-sided wintergreen twinflower heart-leaved arnica false Solomon=s-seal prince=s pine freckled lichen golden ragged moss wavy-leaved moss electrified cat=s tail moss

paper birch prickly rose Sitka alder highbrush cranberry trailing raspberry bunchberry bastard toad-flax one-sided wintergreen twinflower heart-leaved arnica false Solomon=s-seal prince=s pine freckled lichen golden ragged moss electrified cat=s tail moss

Plots

9622624

Comments: Common and widespread on coarse-textured soils. Similar to SBSdw3/01 but with a less developed shrub layer and generally lacking thimbleberry, black twinberry, and

queen=s cup. Douglas fir and soopolallie may also be associate species in this ecounit.



Description:

BEC

BF-PlSb-Feathermoss

SBSdw3/05

Unit typically occurs on gentle slope to level; deep medium-textured soil. Parent material includes (glacio)fluvial, morainal, colluvial. Poor nutrient regime, submesic to subhygric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed bunchberry wild strawberry fringed aster

lodgepole pine prickly rose soopolallie bunchberry fireweed

lodgepole pine bunchberry twinflower

lodgepole pine twinflower bunchberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine prickly rose soopolallie bunchberry twinflower dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss wavy-leaved moss

lodgepole pine black spruce prickly rose soopolallie bunchberry twinflower dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss wavy-leaved moss

Associates

lodgepole pine soopolallie black twinberry prickly rose saskatoon rough-leaved ricegrass velvet-leaved blueberry birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry

black spruce black twinberry saskatoon velvet-leaved blueberry dwarf blueberry wild strawberry fringed aster rough-leaved ricegrass twinflower birch-leaved spirea

black spruce black twinberry prickly rose soopolallie fireweed velvet-leaved blueberry dwarf blueberry wild strawberry fringed aster birch-leaved spirea rough-leaved ricegrass red-stemmed feathermoss

black spruce prickly rose soopolallie black twinberry velvet-leaved blueberry wild strawberry fireweed birch-leaved spirea fringed aster rough-leaved ricegrass wavy-leaved moss

black spruce saskatoon black twinberry velvet-leaved blueberry wild strawberry rough-leaved ricegrass birch-leaved spirea fireweed fringed aster

saskatoon black twinberry velvet-leaved blueberry wild strawberry rough-leaved ricegrass birch-leaved spirea fireweed fringed aster

Plots



Comments: Common on level terrain. These sites appear to be nutrient poor because of restricted rooting, saturated soils in spring and drought conditions in the summer.



Description:

BEC

SS - Sxw-Pink spirea - Prickly rose

SBSdw3/06

Sites are gently sloping to level; deep fine-textured soils. Parent material is lacustrine. Mesic to subhygric moisture regime and poor to rich nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed wild strawberry fringed aster pink wintergreen bluejoint

trembling aspen lodgepole pine pink spirea black twinberry prickly rose bluejoint fireweed

lodgepole pine trembling aspen red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine trembling aspen bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine trembling aspen pink spirea prickly rose bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine pink spirea prickly rose bunchberry trailing raspberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

trembling aspen lodgepole pine soopolallie pink spirea black twinberry prickly rose saskatoon bunchberry dwarf blueberry creamy peavine palmate-leaved coltsfoot

soopolallie saskatoon wild strawberry bunchberry fringed aster twinflower dwarf blueberry pink wintergreen creamy peavine palmate-leaved coltsfoot

prickly rose soopolallie pink spirea black twinberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine bunchberry twinflower wild strawberry dwarf blueberry knight=s plume freckle pelt

highbrush-cranberry prickly rose soopolallie pink spirea black twinberry creamy peavine palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry wild strawberry dwarf blueberry knight=s plume freckle pelt

hybrid white spruce black spruce black twinberry soopolallie highbrush-cranberry saskatoon palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine trailing raspberry wild strawberry dwarf blueberry fringed aster bluejoint fireweed pink wintergreen freckle pelt

black spruce black twinberry soopolallie highbrush-cranberry saskatoon palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine wild strawberry dwarf blueberry fringed aster fireweed rosy wintergreen knight=s plume freckle lichen

Plots

Comments: Uncommon; often agricultural land.



Description:

BEC

ST-Sxw-Twinberry

SBSdw3/07

This unit generally occurs on gently sloping, receiving sites with deep fine-textured soil. Lacustrine or occasionally morainal parent material. Subhygric moisture regime medium to rich nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fringed aster fireweed

trembling aspen prickly rose black twinberry fireweed

trembling aspen prickly rose black twinberry bunchberry

trembling aspen hybrid white spruce bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce trembling aspen black twinberry prickly rose palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry bunchberry step moss knight=s plume red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry bunchberry step moss knight=s plume red-stemmed feathermoss leafy mosses

Associates

trembling aspen prickly rose black twinberry highbrush cranberry bluejoint bunchberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot false Solomon=s- seal wild strawberry

hybrid white spruce highbrush cranberry black gooseberry red-osier dogwood bunchberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot twinflower false Solomon=s-seal fringed aster bluejoint wild strawberry

hybrid white spruce black gooseberry highbrush-cranberry trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoottwinflower false Solomon=s-seal fringed aster fireweed wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss knight=s plume

black twinberry prickly rose black gooseberry highbrush-cranberry trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot twinflower false Solomon=s-seal fringed aster common mitrewort step moss knight=s plume

highbrush-cranberry black gooseberry red-osier dogwood twinflower false Solomon=s-seal fringed aster common mitrewort leafy mosses

highbrush-cranberry black gooseberry red-osier dogwood twinflower false Solomon=s seal fringed aster common mitrewort leafy mosses

Plots



Comments: Uncommon and often agricultural land or as small bands on lower slope positions.



Description:

BEC

SO-Sxw-Twinberry

SBSdw3/08

Site occurs on gentle, lower slope, receiving positions (lower to toe or mid if northerly aspect); deep medium-textured soils; fluvial parent material (rarely morainal or lacustrine). Subhygric to hygric moisture regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed oak fern

lodgepole pine trembling aspen black twinberry prickly rose fireweed oak fern

lodgepole pine black twinberry oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine black twinberry highbrush-cranberry oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce Douglas fir black twinberry highbrush-cranberry oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

trembling aspen lodgepole pine black twinberry prickly rose highbrush-cranberry birch-leaved spirea bunchberry trailing raspberry bluejoint fringed aster

hybrid white spruce highbrush-cranberry birch-leaved spirea bunchberry bluejoint fringed aster leafy moss

hybrid white spruce trembling aspen Douglas fir prickly rose highbrush-cranberry birch-leaved spirea fireweed bluejoint trailing raspberry one-sided wintergreen knight=s plume leafy moss

trembling aspen Douglas fir black twinberry highbrush-cranberry prickly rose birch-leaved spirea wild sarsaparilla common mitrewort trailing raspberry one-sided wintergreen knight=s plume electrified cat=s-tail moss leafy moss

Douglas fir subalpine fir prickly rose birch-leaved spirea wild sarsaparilla common mitrewort trailing raspberry one-sided wintergreen electrified cat=s-tail moss leafy moss

subalpine fir prickly rose birch-leaved spirea wild sarsaparilla common mitrewort trailing raspberry one-sided wintergreen electrified cat=s-tail moss leafy moss

Plots

Comments: Uncommon and generally restricted to lower slopes. These sites are on warmer soils than the SBSdw3/06, which is reflected in better forest productivity.



Description:

BEC

SH-Sxw-Horsetail-Glow moss

SBSdw3/09

Toe slope to depression; deep, medium-textured soils; fluctuating water table. Hygric moisture regime. Organic or fluvial parent material.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint fireweed horsetails

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose horsetails bluejoint fireweed

hybrid white spruce prickly rose black twinberry common horsetail

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose common horsetail red-stemmed feathermossstep moss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose common horsetail trailing raspberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose common horsetail trailing raspberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

Associates

hybrid white spruce black twinberry prickly rose bunchberry oak fern fringed aster sedges trailing raspberry

black gooseberry black huckleberry common mitrewort sweet-scented bedstraw bunchberry oak fern fringed aster sedges trailing raspberry leafy mosses

black gooseberry black huckleberry wood horsetail twinflower common mitrewort sweet-scented bedstraw bunchberry trailing raspberry oak fern bluejoint fireweed leafy mosses

black spruce black gooseberry black huckleberry wood horsetail trailing raspberry twinflower common mitrewort sweet-scented bedstraw bunchberry oak fern knight=s plume leafy mosses

black spruce black gooseberry black huckleberry wood horsetail twinflower common mitrewort sweet-scented bedstraw bunchberry oak fern knight=s plume leafy moss glow moss

black spruce black gooseberry black huckleberry wood horsetail common mitrewort sweet-scented bedstraw bunchberry oak fern knight=s plume leafy moss glow moss

Plots

Comments: Common, but restricted to narrow bands along creeks and rivers or edges of wetlands. Sites in this unit with deeper fluctuating water tables have upland humus forms

and will be drier during the summer.



Description

BEC

BS-Sb - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum

SBSdw/10

Organic bog wetland

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low Shrub

Tall shrub

Dominants

water sedge marsh cinquefoil horsetails sedges sphagnums

black spruce Labrador tea scrub birch willows water sedge sedges horsetails common red sphagnum golden fuzzy fen moss mosses

black spruce Labrador tea willows scrub birch water sedge sedges sphagnums horsetails golden fuzzy fen moss mosses

Associates

black spruce Labrador tea scrub birch willows golden fuzzy fen moss mosses

marsh cinquefoil soft-leaved sedge leafy mosses woodsy ragged moss

tamarack marsh cinquefoil soft-leaved sedge common mitrewort bunchberry leafy mosses woodsy ragged moss

Plots

9622622

Comments: Common, but usually small in size



Description:

BEC

SB-Sxw-Black huckleberry

SBSmc2/01

This unit occurs on gentle slopes with deep medium-textured soils. Morainal or glaciofluvial parent material

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed wild strawberry bluejoint heart-leaved arnica twinflower

lodgepole pine red raspberry fireweed


lodgepole pine soopolallie red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine subalpine fir soopolallie red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir black huckleberry soopolallie heart-leaved arnica bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine red raspberry black gooseberry prickly rose white hawkweed asters bunchberry dwarf blueberry western fescue

hybrid white spruce black gooseberry prickly rose black huckleberry white hawkweed bunchberry dwarf blueberry twinflower bluejoint birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry asters western fescue

hybrid white spruce Sitka alder prickly rose black huckleberry dwarf blueberry twinflower bunchberry showy aster birch-leaved spirea Dicranum spp

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea showy aster twinflower heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry bunchberry freckle lichen knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black huckleberry prickly rose black twinberry Sitka alder twinflower five-leaved bramble heart-leaved arnica common juniper birch-leaved spirea fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot western meadowrue dwarf blueberry bunchberry wild strawberry

Sitka alder prickly rose black twinberry common juniper birch-leaved spirea fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot western meadowrue dwarf blueberry wild strawberry five-leaved bramble twinflower step moss

Plots

LLv13 LLv31 LLv32 LLv38 CLv44

LLv31 LLv38

9622524

9622636 LLv39 LLv46

Comments: Common and widespread. Trembling aspen may be an associate species in this unit. Other associate species may include queen=s cup, pyramid spirea and trailing

raspberry.



Description:

BEC

PH- Pl -Huckleberry -Cladonia

SBSmc2/02

This unit occurs on gentle slopes (level, crest and upper); deep coarse-textured soils. Parent material is morainal over bedrock, glacio(fluvial) or colluvial. Xeric to subxeric moisture regime and poor to medium nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie black huckleberry kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp Cladina spp

lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie black huckleberry kinnickinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp Cladina spp

Associates

trembling aspen lodgepole pine common juniper soopolallie prickly rose black huckleberry saskatoon bunchberry spike-like goldenrod juniper haircap moss Cladina spp

trembling aspen black huckleberry saskatoon prickly rose bunchberry spike-like goldenrod juniper haircap moss Cladina spp

trembling aspen prickly rose black huckleberry saskatoon twinflower bunchberry spike-like goldenrod juniper haircap moss Cladonia spp Cladina spp

trembling aspen black huckleberry prickly rose twinflower heart-leaved arnica bunchberry Cladonia spp Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir trembling aspen prickly rose twinflower bunchberry heart-leaved arnica red stemmed feathermoss Stereocaulon spp

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir prickly rose twinflower bunchberry heart-leaved arnica red stemmed feathermoss Stereocaulon spp knight=s plume step moss

Plots

9622509

LLv102

Comments: Uncommon; except in areas of large coarse-textured fluvial or glaciofluvial terraces.



Description:

BEC

BM-SbPl-Feathermoss

SBSmc2/03

This unit typically occurs on gentle slopes with deep medium-textured soils, cool sites; poor nutrient regime. Morainal parent material; occasional fluvial veneers

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bunchberry wild strawberry fireweed

lodgepole pine black huckleberry soopolallie bunchberry

lodgepole pine black huckleberry soopolallie bunchberry birch-leaved spirea red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine soopolallie black huckleberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine soopolallie black huckleberry twinflower bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black spruce soopolallie Labrador tea black huckleberry twinflower bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine black huckleberry soopolallie Labrador tea prickly rose red raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot northern bedstraw leafy aster

Labrador tea prickly rose red raspberry wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot twinflower northern bedstraw leafy aster

Labrador tea prickly rose palmate-leaved coltsfoot heart-leaved arnica fireweed wild strawberry creeping snowberry twinflower knight=s plume freckle pelt

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir black spruce Labrador tea prickly rose palmate-leaved coltsfoot heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea crowberry creeping snowberry stiff clubmoss dwarf blueberry fireweed knight=s plume freckled pelt

hybrid white spruce black spruce subalpine fir Labrador tea creeping snowberry crowberry heart-leaved arnica palmate-leaved coltsfoot birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry fireweed stiff clubmoss freckled pelt

subalpine fir creeping snowberry heart-leaved arnica dwarf blueberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot crowberry birch-leaved spirea stiff clubmoss fireweed freckled pelt

Plots

LLv119

LLv124

9622527

Comments: Uncommon; occurs mainly on cold northerly aspects. This unit was mapped similar to the SBSmc3/05: level stands (<10%) Pl or Pl(S) dominated tree cover, morainal or glaciofluvial parent material. Kinnikinnick, common juniper and lichens may be associate species on drier sites of this ecounit. Five-leaved bramble may also be an



associate in this unit. Description:

BEC

HB-Sxw-Huckleberry-Dwarf blueberry

SBSmc2/04

Site occurs on gentle slopes(mid , lower, level); deep medium-textured soils; generally morainal parent material; mesic to subhygric moisture regime with medium to rich nutrients.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed wild strawberry bunchberry dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine black twinberry prickly rose black huckleberry Sitka alder thimbleberry fireweed bunchberry dwarf blueberry

lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry dwarf blueberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce black twinberry black huckleberry bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine black twinberry prickly rose black huckleberry Sitka alder thimbleberry willows birch-leaved spirea palmate-leaved coltsfoot northern bedstraw heart-leaved arnica pinegrass

hybrid white spruce wild strawberry birch-leaved spirea palmate-leaved coltsfoot northern bedstraw heart-leaved arnica pinegrass

Sitka alder hybrid white spruce prickly rose palmate-leaved coltsfoot one-sided wintergreen wild strawberry five-leaved bramble fireweed northern bedstraw heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea step moss freckled pelt

hybrid white spruce prickly rose Sitka alder palmate-leaved coltsfoot wild strawberry heart-leaved arnica fireweed trailing raspberry heart-leaved twayblade five-leaved bramble birch-leaved spirea one-sided wintergreen step moss freckle pelt

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir prickly rose Sitka alder heart-leaved arnica trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfootfireweed five-leaved bramble heart-leaved twayblade common mitrewort one-sided wintergreen birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry mountain sweet-cicely step moss freckle pelt

subalpine fir prickly rose Sitka alder palmate-leaved coltsfoot fireweed trailing raspberry five-leaved bramble common mitrewort one-sided wintergreen heart-leaved twayblade birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry mountain sweet-cicely step moss freckle pelt

Plots

LLv82

Comments: Common and widespread in the southern portion of the SW section of the Prince George Forest Region.



Description:

BEC

TC-Sxw-Twinberry-Coltsfoot

SBSmc2/05

Site occurs on gentle slope (mid, lower and toe positions), moisture receiving sites, deep medium-textured soils, parent material is morainal, fluvial and colluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed wild strawberry showy aster rosy wintergreen bunchberry

lodgepole pine Sitka alder black twinberry thimbleberry showy aster wild strawberry fireweed bunchberry

lodgepole pine thimbleberry wild strawberry twinflower showy aster bunchberry heart-leaved arnica red-stemmed feathermoss

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce thimbleberry bunchberry wild strawberry twinflower showy aster heart-leaved arnica red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce thimbleberry bunchberry trailing raspberry heart-leaved arnica red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce thimbleberry bunchberry trailing raspberry heart-leaved arnica red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine soopolallie Sitka alder black huckleberry thimbleberry black gooseberry black twinberry highbrush cranberry red-osier dogwood heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea twinflower dwarf blueberry

hybrid white spruce soopolallie black huckleberry black gooseberry highbrush cranberry red-osier dogwood twinflower heart-leaved arnica birch-leaved spirea rosy wintergreen dwarf blueberry

hybrid white spruce Sitka alder soopolallie black huckleberry black twinberry black gooseberry fireweed trailing raspberry stiff clubmoss dwarf blueberry birch-leaved spirea rosy wintergreen knight=s plume

Sitka alder soopolallie black huckleberry black twinberry black gooseberry trailing raspberry fireweed stiff clubmoss dwarf blueberry birch-leaved spirea common mitrewort rosy wintergreen

black twinberry black huckleberry soopolallie Sitka alder highbruch cranberry black gooseberry dwarf blueberry wild strawberry fireweed twinflower showy aster stiff clubmoss common mitrewort birch-leaved spirea rosy wintergreen Hooker=s fairybells mountain sweet-cicely

subalpine fir black twinberry highbrush cranberry black huckleberry soopolallie Sitka alder black gooseberry red-osier dogwood dwarf blueberry fireweed wild strawberry twinflower showy aster stiff clubmoss common mitrewort birch-leaved spirea rosy wintergreen Hooker=s fairybells mountain sweet-cicely step moss

Plots

LLv111

9622621

Comments: Uncommon in the southern portion of the Prince George Forest Region. Trembling aspen may be an associate to dominant species in this unit.

False Solomon=s-seal, western meadowrue, and clasping twistedstalk may be associate species in later successional stages of this ecounit.



Description:

BEC

SO-Sxw-Oak fern

SBSmc2/06

Site typically is found on gentle, lower slope, receiving position, deep medium-textured soils. Parent materia is morainal, lacustrine or colluvial.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

oak fern bunchberry fireweed

lodgepole pine thimbleberry black huckleberry black gooseberry black twinberry fireweed oak fern bunchberry

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir lodgepole pine thimbleberry oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir lodgepole pine thimbleberry oak fern bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir thimbleberry black huckleberry oak fern bunchberry five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir thimbleberry black gooseberry black huckleberry oak fern bunchberry five-leaved bramble red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

Associates

lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce subalpine fir thimbleberry black huckleberry black gooseberry black twinberry devil=s club three-leaved foamflower pink wintergreen clasping twistedstalk

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir devil=s club heart-leaved arnica twinflower three-leaved foamflower pink wintergreen clasping twistedstalk

black huckleberry devil=s club three-leaved foamflower heart-leaved arnica twinflower five-leaved bramble clasping twistedstalk five-leaved bramble step moss common leafy liverwort Brachythecium spp .

black huckleberry devil=s club five-leaved bramble three-leaved foamflower heart-leaved arnica twinflower clasping twistedstalk five-leaved bramble common leafy liverwort step moss Brachythecium spp..

lodgepole pine devil=s club three-leaved foamflower clasping twistedstalk heart-leaved arnica twinflower common leafy liverwort step moss Brachythecium spp..

devil=s club three-leaved foamflower clasping twistedstalk heart-leaved arnica twinflower common leafy liverwort step moss Brachythecium spp..

Plots

Comments: Common especially on northern aspects.



Description:

BEC

BF-Sxw-Scrub birch-Feathermoss

SBSmc2/07

Site occurs on gentle slopes; deep medium-textured imperfectly drained soils with seepage often present; subhygric to hygric moisture regime and poor nutrient regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint bunchberry purple peavine Indian hellebore

lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry willows bluejoint bunchberry purple peavine

lodgepole pine black huckleberry bunchberry

lodgepole pine black huckleberry bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce lodgepole pine black twinberry black huckleberry bunchberry purple peavine red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry black huckleberry bunchberry purple peavine red-stemmed feathermoss glow moss

Associates

lodgepole pine black twinberry highbrush-cranberry black huckleberry willows scrub birch Labrador tea heart-leaved arnica crowberry sedges leafy aster fireweed

Labrador tea highbrush-cranberry Indian hellebore heart-leaved arnica crowberry sedges leafy aster

scrub birch Labrador tea black twinberry highbrush-cranberry willows purple peavine crowberry leafy aster bluejoint sedges heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore red-stemmed feathermoss

black twinberry scrub birch highbrush cranberry Labrador tea willows purple peavine crowberry leafy aster bluejoint sedges heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore leafy moss glow moss

scrub birch willows Labrador tea highbrush cranberry crowberry leafy aster bluejoint heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore sedges glow moss leafy moss sphagnums

scrub birch willows Labrador tea highbrush cranberry crowberry leafy aster bluejoint heart-leaved arnica Indian hellebore sedges leafy moss sphagnums

Plots

LLv33

Comments: Uncommon and generally found along edges of wetlands.



Description:

BEC

ST-Sxw-Twinberry-Oak fern

SBSmc2/08

Site occurs on gentle, lower slope, moisture receiving position; deep medium-textured soils, fluvial parent material.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

oak fern bluejoint fireweed common horsetail

hybrid white spruce black twinberry red raspberry common horsetail oak fern bunchberry fireweed

hybrid white spruce common horsetail oak fern

hybrid white spruce common horsetail oak fern bunchberry knight=s plume red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir common horsetail oak fern bunchberry knight=s plume red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce subalpine fir common horsetail oak fern bunchberry knight=s plume step moss red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

hybrid white spruce black twinberry red swamp currant red raspberry thimbleberry prickly rose highbrush cranberry Sitka alder five-leaved bramble bunchberry three-leaved foamflower rosy wintergreen asters palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry

red swamp currant prickly rose highbrush cranberry Sitka alder five-leaved bramble bluejoint twinflower three-leaved foamflower rosy wintergreen asters palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry

subalpine fir black huckleberry prickly rose five-leaved bramble bunchberry twinflower three-leaved foamflower bluejoint fireweed rosy wintergreen palmate-leaved coltsfoot trailing raspberry step moss red-stemmed feathermoss knight=s plume

subalpine fir black twinberry prickly rose black gooseberry five-leaved bramble twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfootthree-leaved foamflower bluejoint trailing raspberry step moss Brachythecium spp

black twinberry black gooseberry five-leaved bramble palmate-leaved coltsfoot three-leaved foamflower common mitrewort trailing raspberry asters step moss leafy mosses Brachythecium spp

black twinberry black gooseberry five-leaved bramble palmate-leaved coltsfoot three-leaved foamflower common mitrewort trailing raspberry asters leafy mosses Brachythecium spp

Plots

CLv7 9622639

Comments: Uncommon; often in areas of cold air accumulation. Other associate species in this unit may include highbrush cranberry, black huckleberry, bane berry,



sweet-scented bedstraw and clasping twistedstalk. Description:

BEC

HG-Sxw-Horsetail-Glowmoss

SBSmc2/11

Site occurs in gentle toe slope to depressional slope positions; deep medium-textured soils. Variable parent material. Hygric to subhydric with a ;poor to nutrient rich regime.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7


Shrub

Pole sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants fireweed bluejoint leafy aster

black twinberry mountain alder bluejoint fireweed

hybrid white spruce black twinberry mountain alder bluejoint fireweed

hybrid white spruce black twinberry mountain alder

hybrid white spruce black twinberry common horsetail step moss

hybrid white spruce subalpine black twinberry common horsetail bunchberry step moss knight=s plume red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates black twinberry mountain alder black huckleberry black gooseberry prickly rose highbrush cranberry bunchberry common horsetail wild strawberry five-leaved bramble pink wintergreen trailing raspberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus

black huckleberry black gooseberry prickly rose highbrush cranberry wild strawberry leafy aster five-leaved bramblebunchberry common horsetail pink wintergreen trailing raspberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus

black huckleberry prickly rose leafy aster bunchberry five-leaved bramble common horsetail common mitrewort wild strawberry pink wintergreen trailing raspberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus leafy mosses

subalpine black huckleberry black gooseberry prickly rose bunchberry leafy aster twinflower trailing raspberry clasping twistedstalk five-leaved bramble wild strawberry fireweed common mitrewort fringed-grass-of-Parnassus common horsetail leafy mosses step moss glow moss

subalpine fir mountain alder Labrador tea black huckleberry black gooseberry bunchberry leafy aster twinflower trailing raspberry clasping twistedstalk crowberry five-leaved bramble wild strawberry heart-leaved twayblade bog cranberry fireweed common mitrewort fringed-grass-of-Parnassusleafy mosses knight=s plume glow moss red-stemmed feathermoss sphagnum mosses

Labrador tea black huckleberry black gooseberry mountain alder leafy aster twinflower trailing raspberry clasping twistedstalk crowberry five-leaved bramble wild strawberry heart-leaved twayblade bog cranberry fireweed common mitrewort fringed-grass-of-Parnassus leafy mosses glow moss sphagnum mosses

Plots

9622526

LLv4

Comments: Uncommon and small in size. Other associate species in late successional stands may include highbrush cranberry, lady fern, soft-leaved sedge, sweet-scented

bedstraw, arrow-leaved groundsel and false Solomon=s seal.



Description:

BEC

SS-SbSxw-Scrub birch-Sedge

SBSmc2/12

Swamp forests, imperfect to poorly drained forests; deep, medium-textured soils.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Grass-forb

Low shrub

Tall shrub

Dominants

sedges bluejoint sphagnums

black spruce scrub birch willows Labrador tea sedges bluejoint sphagnums golden fuzzy fen moss

black spruce hybrid white spruce scrub birch willows Labrador tea Carex spp. bunchberry bluejoint sphagnums golden fuzzy fen moss

Associates

black spruce hybrid white spruce highbrush-cranberry scrub birch willows pink spirea Labrador tea black twinberry wild strawberry common horsetail leafy aster fringed-grass-of-Parnassus glow moss leafy moss Drepanocladus spp

hybrid white spruce highbrush-cranberry pink spirea black twinberry leafy aster wild strawberry common horsetail bog cranberry twinflower bunchberry fringed-grass-of-Parnassus. glow moss leafy moss Drepanocladus spp

subalpine fir highbrush-cranberry black twinberry prickly rose pink spirea fringed-grass-of- Parnassus northern scouring rush leafy aster wild strawberry common horsetail bog cranberry twinflower glow moss leafy moss Drepanocladus spp.

Plots

9622525



Comments: Common at lower elevations; associated with depressional landscape Description:

BEC

SE-Sedge wetland

SBSmc2/00

Site occurs on mineral and organic parent material in depresional or level terrain.

Structural stage

2 Grass-forb

Plant Species

wetmeadows

Dominants

water sedge sedges bluegrasses bluejoint common green sphagnum

Associates

willows common sweet grass common dandelion western fescue palmate-leaved coltsfoot meadow buttercup American vetch alpine arnica long-stalked starwort dwarf nagoonberry willowherbs creeping bentgrass common timothy yarrow graceful cinquefoil large-leaved avens violet rushes horsetails red-stemmed feathermoss giant water mosses glowmoss

Plots

962266 LLv8 CLv19 CLv31 CCv70



Comments: Unit may be similar to the SBSdk Carex Fen (CF). Sedge dominated wet meadows on mineral soils or shallow organic veneers over mineral and sedge fens/marshes on

organic soils are indistinguishable by air photo interpretation. Description

BEC

SP-Sxw - Spirea - Purple peavine

SBSdk/01

This unit typically occurs on gently sloping morainal or glaciofluvial surficial materials with deep, medium-textured soils. Soil moisture regime ranges from (submesic) mesic to subhygric and soil nutrient regime can vary from poor to rich. The unit is also common on significant slopes with cool aspects (SPk).

Structural Stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed showy aster bunchberry wild strawberry northern bedstraw yarrow

trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose fireweed showy aster bunchberry wild strawberry northern bedstraw yarrow

dense stands of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine soopolallie showy aster bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine soopolallie showy aster bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose showy aster bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce soopolallie prickly rose showy aster bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss step moss knight's plume

Associates

trembling aspen soopolallie prickly rose highbush cranberry birch-leaved spirea creamy peavine fringed aster dwarf blueberry kinnikinnick bluejoint

highbush cranberry birch-leaved spirea creamy peavine fringed aster dwarf blueberry kinnickinnick bluejoint

prickly rose birch-leaved spirea fireweed wild strawberry creamy peavine fringed aster dwarf blueberry kinnikinnick heart-leaved arnica

hybrid white spruce prickly rose highbush cranberry birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica fireweed wild strawberry pink wintergreen creamy peavine dwarf blueberry

highbush cranberry birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica fireweed wild strawberry pink wintergreen creamy peavine dwarf blueberry step moss knight's plume Dicranum spp.

highbush cranberry birch-leaved spirea creamy peavine heart-leaved arnica fireweed wild strawberry pink wintergreen dwarf blueberry Dicranum spp.

Plots

CCv45

9622650,CCv59

Comments: The unit is common & widespread throughout the landscape.



Description

BEC

LJ-Pl - Juniper - Ricegrass

SBSdk/02

This dry, open forested unit typically occurs on gentle slopes in upper to crest slope positions underlain by colluvial or morainal veneers over bedrock. The moderately coarse to coarse-textured, shallow soils have xeric to subxeric moisture regimes and very poor to poor nutrient regimes.

Structural Stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

kinnikinnick Cladonia spp.

common juniper saskatoon kinnikinnick Cladonia spp.

open stands of: lodgepole pine common juniper saskatoon kinnikinnick Cladonia spp.

open forests of: lodgepole pine common juniper saskatoon kinnikinnick Cladina spp.

open forest of: lodgepole pine common juniper kinnikinnick Cladina spp. Cladonia spp.

open forest of: lodgepole pine common juniper kinnikinnick Cladina spp Cladonia spp

Associates

saskatoon soopolallie prickly rose snowberry slender wheatgrass wild strawberry ricegrasses

lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose snowberry slender wheatgrass wild strawberry ricegrasses

soopolallie prickly rose snowberry slender wheatgrass wild strawberry ricegrasses Cladina spp. Peltigera spp.

soopolallie prickly rose ricegrasses birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry slender wheatgrass Peltigera spp.

saskatoon soopolallie prickly rose ricegrasses birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry slender wheatgrass Peltigera spp. red-stemmed feathermoss

saskatoon soopolallie prickly rose ricegrasses birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry slender wheatgrass Peltigera spp. red-stemmed feathermoss

Plots

Comments: This unit is uncommon on the landscape and usually associated with exposed bedrock.



Description

BEC

LC-Pl - Feathermoss - Cladina

SBSdk/03

This unit typically occurs on gently sloping to level terrain with deep, coarse-textured soils derived from glaciofluvial parent materials. The unit can also occur in upper to crest slope positions on morainal and colluvial veneers over bedrock. Soil moisture regime is subxeric and soil nutrient regime ranges from very poor to medium.

Structural Stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp

soopolallie kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry Cladonia spp

dense stands of: lodgepole pine soopolallie kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry

closed forests of: lodgepole pine soopolallie kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: lodgepole pine soopolallie kinnikinnick twinflower dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce soopolallie kinnikinnick twinflower dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

soopolallie prickly rose birch -leaved spirea wild strawberry yarrow cow-wheat ricegrasses Cladina spp

lodgepole pine prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea wild strawberry yarrow cow-wheat ricegrasses Cladina spp

prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea twinflower ricegrasses red-stemmed feathermoss Cladonia spp Cladina spp Peltigera spp

prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea ricegrasses cow-wheat wild strawberry Cladina spp Peltigera spp

hybrid white spruce prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea ricegrasses cow-wheat wild strawberry Cladina spp Peltigera spp

prickly rose common juniper birch-leaved spirea ricegrasses cow-wheat wild strawberry Cladina spp Peltigera spp step moss

Plots

(CCv45)

9622643, (CCv49) CCv44, CCv46

Comments: The LC unit is common but localized on the landscape. Black spruce may be an associate species in later successional stages.



Description

BEC

DS-Fd - Soopoloallie - Feathermoss

SBSdk/04

This unit typically occurs in mid to upper slope positions on significant slopes with warm aspects and shallow soils over bedrock. The soil moisture regime is subxeric to submesic and the soil nutrient regime is medium to rich.

Structural Stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

blue wildrye Cladonia spp pioneer mosses

lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose blue wildrye Cladonia spp pioneer mosses

closed stands of: lodgepole pine soopolallie

closed forests of: lodgepole pine Douglas-fir soopolallie

closed to open forests of: Douglas-fir lodgepole pine soopolallie red-stemmed feathermoss

closed to open forests of: Douglas-fir soopolallie red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

soopolallie prickly rose birch-leaved spirea saskatoon western fescue bluegrass slender wheatgrass spreading needlegrass wild strawberry kinnikinnick yarrow

Douglas-fir birch-leaved spirea saskatoon western fescue bluegrasses slender wheatgrass spreading needlegrass wild strawberry kinnikinnick yarrow

Douglas-fir prickly rose birch-leaved spirea blue wildrye western fescue Cladonia spp

prickly rose birch-leaved spirea blue wildrye twinflower western fescue red-stemmed feathermoss Cladonia spp

hybrid white spruce prickly rose birch-leaved spirea blue wildrye twinflower western fescue showy aster step moss Cladonia spp

hybrid white spruce prickly rose birch-leaved spirea blue wildrye twinflower western fescue showy aster step moss Cladonia spp

Plots

Comments: This unit usually located on or near south-facing bedrock outcrops or ridges. It was not sampled in the sudy area.



Description

BEC

BW-Bluegrass - Slender wheatgrass

SBSdk/82

This is a grassland unit that typically occurs on significant slopes with warm aspects and deep, medium-textured soils. Soil moisture regime is subxeric to submesic and soil nutrient regime is rich to very rich.

Structural stage

2

Plant Species

Herb

Dominants

western meadowrue Kentucky bluegrass bluegrasses slender wheatgrass

Associates

common snowberry blue wildrye spreading needlegrass dandelion purple peavine false melic fireweed

Plots

Comments: This unit was not sampled in the study area.



Description

BEC

SF-Sxw - Spirea - Feathermoss

SBSdk/05

This unit typically occurs on gently sloping morainal or glaciofluvial surficial materials with deep, medium-textured soils. Sites supporting the SF unit generally occur in mid to crest slope positions and are slightly drier and/or poorer in nutrients than sites supporting the SP(01) ecounit. Soil moisture regime ranges from submesic to mesic and soil nutrient regime can vary from very poor to medium.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed bunchberry northern bedstraw wild strawberry yarrow

soopolallie prickly rose fireweed bunchberry wild strawberry northern bedstraw yarrow

dense stands of: lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose twinflower heart-leaved arnica red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: lodgepole pine soopolallie twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss Peltigera spp

closed forests of: lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce prickly rose twinflower heart-leaved arnica bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss Peltigera spp

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce prickly rose twinflower heart-leaved arnica bunchberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss Peltigera spp

Associates

soopolallie prickly rose Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax showy aster bluejoint paintbrush cow-wheat

lodgepole pine Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax showy aster bluejoint paintbrush cow-wheat

bunchberry birch-leaved spirea kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax step moss knight's plume Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce prickly rose birch-leaved spirea heart-leaved arnica bunchberry kinnikinnick dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax showy aster step moss knight's plume Cladina spp

soopolallie Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax kinnikinnick showy aster wild strawberry pink wintergreen fireweed northern bedstraw knight's plume Dicranum spp

soopolallie Sitka alder birch-leaved spirea dwarf blueberry bastard toad-flax kinnikinnick showy aster wild strawberry pink wintergreen fireweed northern bedstraw knight's plume Dicranum spp

Plots

CCv6, CCv56

(CCv49), 9622657

922657, 9622658, CCv5, CCv48

Comments: The unit is common on the landscape but localized in distribution. Trembling aspen may be an associate species in the younger sucessional stages. Black spruce may

be an associate in young to old forests.



Description

BEC

ST-Sxw - Twinberry - Coltsfoot

SBSdk/06

This unit typically occurs on gentle mid to lower slopes underlain by deep, medium-texutred soils. Parent materials are usually morainal but can also be fluvial, lacustrine or colluvial. Soils are moist (mesic to subhygric), generally with evidence of seepage, and richer than average (medium to very rich nutrient regimes).

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry showy aster

trembling aspen black twinberry pricky rose fireweed bluejoint wild strawberry showy aster

dense stands of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine prickly rose twinflower bunchberry

closed to dense forests of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine prickly rose twinflower bunchberry wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: trembling aspen &/or lodgepole pine hybrid white spruce prickly rose twinflower bunchberry wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce prickly rose twinflower bunchberry wild strawberry red-stemmed feathermoss step moss knight's plume

Associates

trembling aspen black twinberry prickly rose highbush cranberry thimbleberry willow bunchberry pink wintergreen western meadowrue palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine

lodgepole pine highbush cranberry thimbleberry willow soopolallie bunchberry pink wintergreen western meadowrue palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine

hybrid white spruce highbush cranberry soopolallie fireweed wild strawberry showy aster palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce highbush cranberry black twinberry willow soopolallie fireweed showy aster western meadowrue palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine trailing raspberry step moss knight's plume

highbush cranberry black twinberry willow soopolallie fireweed showy aster western meadowrue palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine trailing raspberry knight's plume

highbush cranberry black twinberry willow soopolallie fireweed showy aster western meadowrue palmate-leaved coltsfoot creamy peavine trailing raspberry

Plots

CCv42



Description

BEC

BF-SbPl - Feathermoss

SBSdk/00

This unit typically occurs on gentle slopes in lower slope receiving positions with moist, nutrient poor soils. Parent materials are mainly morainal and glaciofluvial and soils are typically medium- textured. Soil moisture regime is (mesic) subhygric (to hygric) and soil nutrient regime is very poor to poor.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint fringed aster bunchberry dwarf blueberry

soopolallie prickly rose willow bluejoint fringed aster bunchberry dwarf blueberry

dense stands of: lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose bunchberry dwarf blueberry

closed forests of: black spruce lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose bunchberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: black spruce lodgepole pine soopolallie prickly rose bunchberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: black spruce soopolallie prickly rose bunchberry dwarf blueberry red-stemmed feathermoss knight's plume

Associates

soopolallie prickly rose willow black twinberry Labrador tea fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot

black twinberry Labrador tea fireweed palmate-leaved coltsfoot twinflower

black spruce black twinberry Labrador tea willow twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce black twinberry Labrador tea willow twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea willow black twinberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot knight' plume Cladina spp

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea willow black twinberry twinflower palmate-leaved coltsfoot step moss Cladina spp

Plots

CCv43

Comments: This is a new unit in the SBSdk subzone that is similar to the SBSmc3/06 ecounit. The unit is often associated with wetlands. Cladina spp can be dominant on drier

sites of this ecounit while common horsetail may be common on wetter sites.



Description

BEC

SH-Sxw - Horsetail

SBSdk/07

This unit is typically found on gentle slopes in lower, toe and depressional slope positions that receive seepage. Sites typically have deep, medium-textured soils that develop on fluvial surficial materials. The unit may also occur on fine-textured lacustrine veneers over morainal or fluvial blankets (SHf) or on organic veneers (SHp). Soil moisture regime ranges from subhygric to hygric and soil nutrient regime can vary between medium and very rich.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint fireweed common horsetail

mountain alder black twinberry highbush cranberry bluejoint fireweed common horsetail

open stands of: hybrid white spruce mountain alder black twinberry highbush cranberry bluejoint fireweed common horsetail

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce mountain alder black twinberry bluejoint fireweed common horsetail bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce mountain alder black twinberry common horsetail bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss step moss

closed forests of: hybrid white spruce mountain alder black twinberry common horsetail bunchberry twinflower red-stemmed feathermoss step moss leafy mosses

Associates

mountain alder black twinberry highbush cranberry prickly rose black gooseberry fringed aster Sitka burnet cow-parsnip sedges pink wintergreen trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot

hybrid white spruce trembling aspen/black cottonwood prickly rose black gooseberry red-osier dogwood fringed aster Sitka burnet cow-parsnip sedges pink wintergreen trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot

lodgepole pine trembling aspen/black cottonwood prickly rose black gooseberry red-osier dogwood fringed aster Sitka burnet cow-parsnip sedges pink wintergreen trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot

lodgepole pine trembling aspen black cottonwood prickly rose highbush cranberry black gooseberry fringed aster Sitka burnet cow-parsnip pink wintergreen trailing raspberry palmate-leaved coltsfoot step moss

black cottonwood highbush cranberry prickly rose black gooseberry heart-leaved arnica trailing raspberry cow-parsnip bluejoint fireweed pink wintergreen palmate-leaved coltsfoot leafy mosses

black cottonwood highbush cranberry prickly rose black gooseberry heart-leaved arnica trailing raspberry cow-parsnip bluejoint fireweed pink wintergreen palmate-leaved coltsfoot

Plots

9622648

Comments: The unit is common on the landscape, but usually narrow and associated with creeks and rivers. It includes an imperfectly-drained high bench flood site unit as well as poorly-drained tall shrub and forest swamp wetland units. Soopolallie, Douglas maple and dwarf blueberry may be associate species on drier fluvial sites of this unit. In general, the swamp units have willow as a common to dominant component and sedges, marsh cinquefoil and glow moss are common species. The "Bebb's Willow - Black twinberry - Bluejoint" preliminary swamp wetland unit may be an early sucessional stage of the forested "Sxw - horsetail" swamp. It has Bebb's willow and pink spirea as dominant species that are lacking in the forested swamp unit. The forested swamps differ from the high bench floodplain units by having soft-leaved sedge as a dominant species and a lack of trailing raspberry and mountain alder.



Description

BEC

CD-Act - Dogwood - Prickly rose

SBSdk/08

This unit typically occurs on deep, coarse-textured soils of active floodplains. Soil moisture regime is subhygric to hygric and soil nutrient regime is rich to very rich.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

bluejoint fireweed fringed aster pink wintergreen

black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood bluejoint fireweed fringed aster pink wintergreen

dense stands of: black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood bluejoint American vetch

dense forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint American vetch

closed forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint American vetch

closed forests of: black cottonwood red-osier dogwood black twinberry bluejoint American vetch

Associates

black cottonwood black twinberry red-osier dogwood prickly rose highbush cranberry American vetch trailing raspberry common horsetail

paper birch prickly rose highbush cranberry American vetch trailing raspberry common horsetail



hybrid white spruce paper birch prickly rose hihgbush cranberry blue wildrye mountain sweet-cicely pink wintergreen trailing raspberry common horsetail leafy mosses

hybrid white spruce prickly rose hihgbush cranberry blue wildrye mountain sweet-cicely pink wintergreen trailing raspberry common horsetail leafy mosses

Plots

Comments: This unit is restricted to active fluvial landforms adjacent to larger rivers. Sites are subject to periodic flooding. The unit is considered a mid bench flood site unit. It also

represents the "Act - Mountain Alder - Black Twinberry" preliminary mid bench unit in which the shrub layer is dominated by mountain alder and black twinberry.



Description

BEC

BS-Sb - Creeping-snowberry - Sphagnum

SBSdk/09

This unit is a bog wetland with stunted trees that occurs in depressional sites on deep organic soils. Soil moisture regime is hygric to subhydric and soil nutrient regime is very poor to poor.

Structural stage

2

0.125

3b

Plant Species

Herb

Low shrub

Tall shrub (stunted forests)

Dominants

sphagnum mosses

Labrador tea willows sphagnum mosses

open to closed stands of: black spruce Labrador tea willows sphagnum mosses red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

Labrador tea willows scrub birch sedges horsetails crowberry creeping-snowberry Cladina spp

black spruce scrub birch sedges horsetails crowberry creeping-snowberry Cladina spp

scrub birch creeping-snowberry horsetails sedges crowberry bog cranberry Cladina spp Peltigera spp

Plots

CCv47, 9622550

Comment: This unit is restricted to landscape depressions and edges of small lakes and ponds. The "LS - Labrador tea - Sphagnum" non-forested bog ecounit (SBSdk/31)

described in the draft provincial map code report (RIC, 1998) may correspond to a low shrub successional stage of this ecounit.



Description

BEC

SS-Sb - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum

SBSdk/10

This unit is a forested swamp wetland that occurs on poorly-drained, organic veneers and blankets in level to depressional slope positions. Soil moisture regime is hygric to subhydric and soil nutrient regime is medium to very rich.

Structural stage

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant Species

Herb

Shrub/Herb

Pole Sapling

Young forest

Mature forest

Old forest

Dominants

sedges bluejoint

willows scrub birch mountain alder sedges bluejoint

open to closed stands of: black spruce willows scrub birch mountain alder sedges bluejoint

open to closed forests of: willows scrub birch mountain alder sedges bluejoint swamp horsetail sphagnum moss golden fuzzy fen moss

open forests of: black spruce scrub birch willows soft-leaved sedge common horsetail swamp horsetail golden fuzzy fen moss sphagnum mosses red-stemmed feathermoss

open forests of: black spruce scrub birch willows soft-leaved sedge common horsetail swamp horsetail golden fuzzy fen moss sphagnum mosses red-stemmed feathermoss

Associates

willows mountain alder scrub birch Labrador tea marsh cinquefoil swamp horsetail common horsetail sphagnum mosses golden fuzzy fen moss glow moss water mosses

black spruce hybrid white spruce Labrador tea marsh cinquefoil swamp horsetail common horsetail sphagnum mosses golden fuzzy fen moss glow moss water mosses

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea marsh cinquefoil swamp horsetail common horsetail sphagnum mosses golden fuzzy fen moss glow moss water mosses

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea march cinquefoil common horsetail glow moss leafy mosses red-stemmed feathermoss

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea mountain alder marsh cinqufoil sedges bluejoint creeping-snowberry step moss leafy mosses glow moss

hybrid white spruce Labrador tea mountain alder marsh cinqufoil sedges bluejoint creeping-snowberry step moss leafy mosses glow moss

Plots

Comments: This unit is common in landscape depressions with subsurface water flow and along the borders of small lakes and ponds. The unit represents two preliminary fen

wetland units including the "Sb - Soft-leaved Sedge - Golden Fuzzy Fen Moss" unit and the "Sb - Soft-leaved Sedge - Water Horsetail" unit. The "Barclay's Willow - Scrub birch - Bluejoint" preliminary swamp wetland unit may represent an early succession stage of the SS ecounit.



Description

BEC

SE-Sedge Wetland

SBSdk/00

This unit represents sedge dominated meadow, fen and marsh wetlands that occur on wet sites in depressional landforms. Parent materials are generally organic blankets and veneers over fluvial, lacustrine and morainal deposits but may include fluvial and lacustrine materials with little to no overlying organics. Soil moisture regimes range from hygric to hydric and soil nutrient regimes can vary from medium to very rich. Sedge wetland vegetation is often affected by cold air ponding and frost.

Structural stage

2

Plant Species

Herb - Grass Forb

wet meadows

fens/marshes

Dominants

water sedge sedges bluejoint bluegrasses

water sedge beaked sedge Sitka sedge golden fuzzy fen moss

Associates

western fescue common sweatgrass creeping bentgrass common dandelion cow parsnip large-leaved avens meadow buttercup American vetch long-stalked starwort arnicas graceful cinquefoil march valerian horsetails willowherbs arrow-leaved groundsel water mosses

willow sedges bluejoint horsetails marsh cinquefoil sphagnum mosses drepanocladus mosses water mosses

Plots

Comments: The sedge wetland ecounit corresponds to the following two previously described site series that are included in the draft provincial map code report (RIC, 1998) SBSdk/32 CF - Carex (Beaked Sedge) Fen SBSdk/00 CA - Cow parsnip - large-leaved avens herb rich meadow. The herb rich wet meadows occur on mineral soils or organic veneers over mineral soils and are dominated by sedges, grasses and forbs. This ecounit also represents several preliminary wetland site units (W.MacKenzie, 1998) as described below. Vegetation information described for the preliminary units was used to help create the above plant lists.

SBSdk Sedge dominated fens SBSdk Marsh

Beaked Sedge - Sitka Sedge Beaked Sedge - Water Horsetail Slender Sedge - Red Hook Moss



Description

WS

WS-Willow - sedge shrub wetland

SBSdk/00

This unit represents shrub-sedge dominated wetlands that occur on wet sites in depressional landforms. Parent materials are usually organic blankets and veneers over fluvial, lacustrine and morainal deposits but may include fluvial materials that lack overlying organics. Soil moisture regimes range from hygric to hydric and soil nutrient regimes can vary from medium to rich. The vegetation on these sites is often affected by cold air ponding and frost.

Structural stage

0.125

Plant Species

Low shrub/herb

Dominants

willows scrub birch water sedge Sitka sedge sedges golden fuzzy fen moss sphagnum mosses

Associates

black spruce hybrid white spruce Labrador tea black twinberry pink spirea beaked sedge bluejoint marsh cinquefoil buckbean horsetails arrow-leaved groundsel large-leaved avens glow moss drepanocladus mosses

Plots

9622656

Comments: This unit represents a number of preliminary wetland site units (W. MacKenzie, 1998) as described below. The preliminary units contain a diversity of plant species that are listed in a vegetation summary table. The table was used to help create the above plant lists.

SBSdk Shrub-sedge dominated fens

Shore sedge - Buckbean - Hook Moss Lesser Panicled Sedge - Common Hook Moss Scrub birch - Sitka sedge - Small Red Peat Moss Maccalla's Willow - Golden Fuzzy Fen Moss



Drummond's Willow - Sitka Sedge Bog Willow - Sitka Sedge Balsam Willow - Sitka Sedge



6.7 NON VEGETATED UNITS Map Unit

Description

BEC

CF

Cultivated field

Lower elevation subzones

Agricultural land usually on level terrain close to water

Map Unit

Description

BEC

ES

Exposed soil/Escarpment

All subzones

Steep, glaciofluvial/morainal scarps with warm exposures; non-vegetated to sparsely vegetated (<10% cover of vascular plants and up to 100% cover by bryophytes and lichens)

Map Unit

Description

BEC

GB

Gravel bar

All subzones

Gravel bars on active floodplains; non-vegetated to sparsely vegetated (<10% cover of vascular plants and up to 100% cover by bryophytes and lichens)

Map Unit

Description

BEC

GP

Gravel pit

All subzones

Non vegetated

Map Unit

Description

BEC

LA

Lake

All subzones

Deep, open water

Map Unit

Description

BEC

OW

Shallow open water

All subzones

Shallow open water of wetlands



Map Unit

Description

BEC

PD

Pond

All subzones

Small water bodies (ponds, lagoons and tarns that are not wetlands)

Map Unit

Description

BEC

RI

River

All subzones

Rivers

Map Unit

Description

BEC

RO

Rock outcrop

All subzones

Rock outcrops; non-vegetated to sparsely vegetated (<10% cover of vascular plants and up to 100% cover by pryophytes and lichens)

Map Unit

Description

BEC

RP

Road surface

All subzones

Non vegetated

Map Unit

Description

BEC

RU

Rubble

All subzones

Shallow colluvial veneers over rock; non-vegetated to sparsely vegetated (<10% cover of vascular plants and up to 100% cover by bryophytes and lichens)

Map Unit

Description

BEC

TA

Talus

All subzones

Deep colluvial blankets, cones and fans; non-vegetated to sparsely vegetated (<10% cover of vascular plants and up to 100% cover by pryophytes and lichens)



Map Unit

Description

BEC

UR

Urban

All subzones

Disturbed areas may be vegetated with non-native species

7.0 REFERENCES Delong, C. 1997/1998. Personal Communication, Research Ecologist BC Ministry of Forests,

Prince George, B.C. Delong, D. Tanner, D. and Jull, M. 1993. A Field Guide for Site Identification and

Interpretation for the Southwest Portion of the Prince George Forest Region. Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. 290 pp.

Demarchi, D.A. 1995. Ecoregions of British Columbia. Fourth edition. 1:2,000,000 scale

map, legend and explanatory notes on the Ecoregion clannification system. B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Wildlife Branch. Victoria, B.C.

Holland, S.S. 1964. Landforms of British Columbia, A Physiographic Outline. British Columbia

Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources, Bulletin No. 48. 138 pp. Howes and Kenk 1997. A Terrain Classification for British Columbia. MOE Manual 10.

Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch, Victoria B.C. 102 pp. Luttmerding, H.A., D.A. Demarchi, E.C. Lea, D.V. Meidinger and T. Vold. 1990. Describing

ecosystems in the field. Second edition. MOE Manual 11. B.C. Ministry of Environment and B.C. Ministry of Forests. Victoria, B.C. 213 pp.

MacKenzie, Will. 1998. SBSdk Preliminary Wetland Classification Units. Personal

Communication. Ministry of Forest, Research Branch, Victoria, B.C. MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar and R. Coupe (editors). 1992. Plants of Northern British Columbia.

Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton, Alberta. 345 pp. Resource Inventory Committee. 1995. Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Methodology for

British Columbia. Ministry of Environment. 140 pp. Resource Inventory Committee. 1996. Addenda to Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Standards

Ministry of Environment 1996. Resources Inventory Committee (RIC) 1998, Provincial Site Series Mapping Codes and Typical

Environmental Conditions Draft Report. Ecosystem Working Group. Victoria, B.C. Tipper, H.W., 1963: Nechako River map-area, British Columbia; Geol. Sur. Can., Mem. 324

APPENDIX A Vanderhoof TSA Expanded Legend Ecosystem Unit Correlation Table


VANDERHOOF TSA EXPANDED LEGEND ECOSYSTEM UNIT CORRELATION TABLE

Subzone

Eco-unit

Description

B.C. Ministry of Forests Site Series Delong et al. (1993)

ESSFmv1

FR

Subalpine fir - Rhododendron - Feathermoss

1

Subalpine fir - Rhododendron - Feathermoss

LC

Lodgepole pine - Huckleberry - Cladonia

2

Lodgepole pine - Huckleberry - Cladonia

FF

Subalpine fir - Huckleberry - Feathermoss

3

Subalpine fir - Huckleberry - Feathermoss

FG

Subalpine fir - Huckleberry - Gooseberry

4

Subalpine fir - Huckleberry - Gooseberry

FH

Subalpine fir - Hoesetail - Glowmoss

5

Subalpine fir - Hoesetail - Glowmoss

SF

Hybrid white spruce - Scrub birch - Feathermoss

N/A

SE

Sedge Wetland

N/A

ES

Sedge - Englemann Spruce - sedge wetland

N/A

LF

Lodgepole pine - Lodgepole pine - Feathermoss

N/A

SBSdk

SP

Hybrid white spruce - Spirea - Purple Peavine

1

Hybrid white spruce - Spirea - Purple Peavine

LJ

Lodgepole pine - Juniper - Pinegrass

2

Lodgepole Pine - Juniper - Ricegrass

LC

Lodgepole pine - Feathermoss - Cladina

3

Lodgepole Pine - Feathermoss - Cladina

DS

Douglas fir - Soopolallie - Slender Wheatgrass

4

Douglas Fir - Soopolallie - Feathermoss

BW

Bluegrass - Slender wheatgrass

82

Bluegrass - Slender wheatgrass (grasslands)

SF

Hybrid white spruce - Spirea - Feathermoss

5

Hybrid white spruce - Spirea - Feathermoss

ST

Hybrid white spruce - Twinberry - Coltsfoot

6


BF

Black spruce - Lodgepole pine - Feathermoss

N/A

SH

Hybrid white spruce - Horsetail

7


CD

Cottonwood - Dogwood - Prickly rose

8




Subzone

Eco-unit

Description


BS

Black spruce - Creeping-snowberry - Sphagnum

9

Black spruce - Creeping-snowberry - Sphagnum (forested bogs)

SS

Black spruce - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum

10

Black spruce - Soft-leaved sedge - Sphagnum (forested swamps)

WS

Willow - Shrub wetland

N/A

SE

Sedge wetland

NA

SBSmc2

SB

Hybrid white spruce - Black huckeberry

1

Hybrid white spruce - Huckeberry

PH

Lodgepole Pine - Huckleberry - Cladonia

2

Lodgepole Pine - Huckleberry - Cladonia

BM


3


HB

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Dwarf blueberry

4

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Dwarf blueberry

TC


5


SO

Hybrid white spruce - Oakfern

6

Hybrid white spruce - Oakfern

BF


7


ST

Hybrid white spruce - Twinberry - Oak fern

8

Hybrid white spruce - Twinberry - Oak fern

SD

Hybrid white spruce - Devil=s club

9

Hybrid white spruce - Devil=s club

SH


10


HG

Hybrid white spruce - Horsetail - Glowmoss

11


SS

Black spruce - Hybrid white spruce - Scrub birch - Sedge

12


SE

Sedge wetland

N/A



Subzone

Eco-unit

Description


SBPSmc

LF


1


LC

Lodgepole Pine - Kinnikinnick - Cladonia

2

Lodgepole Pine - Kinnikinnick - Cladonia

BF


3


SB


4


SO


5


SH


6


BB

Black spruce - Scrub birch - Sedge

7

Black spruce - Scrub birch - Sedge

CD


N/A

SW

Scrub birch Willow Carr

N/A

SE

Sedge wetland

N/A

SBSdw3

BS


10


SP

Hybrid white spruce - Douglas Fir - Pinegrass

1

Hybrid white spruce - Douglas fir - Pinegrass

DC

Douglas Fir - Lodgepole Pine - Cladonia

2

Douglas Fir - Lodgepole pine - Cladonia

LC


3


SR

Hybrid white spruce - Douglas Fir - Ricegrass

4

Hybrid white spruce - Douglas fir - Ricegrass

BF

Lodgepole pine - Black spruce - Feathermoss

5

Lodgepole Pine - Black spruce - Feathermoss

SS

Hybrid white spruce - Pink spirea - Prickly rose

6

Hybrid white spruce - Pink spirea - Prickly rose

ST

Hybrid white spruce - Twinberry

7


SO

Hybrid white spruce - Oak fern

8

Hybrid white spruce - Oak fern

SH


9




Subzone

Eco-unit

Description


SE

Sedge wetland

N/A

SBSmc3

SB

Hybrid white spruce - Black huckleberry

1

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry

LJ

Lodgepole pine - Juniper - Dwarf blueberry

2

Lodgepole pine - Juniper - Dwarf blueberry

LF


3


SS

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Soopolallie

4

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Soopolallie

BH

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Spirea

5

Hybrid white spruce - Huckleberry - Spirea

BF


6


ST


7


BB


9


WS

Willow - Sedge

N/A

SW

Scrub birch - Willow carr

N/A

SE

Sedge wetland

N/A

ESSFmvp1

JC

Sedge - Juniper - Cladina

N/A

BM

Subalpine fir - Mountain Heather

N/A

SS

Subalpine fir - Black huckleberry - Sitka valarian

N/A

APPENDIX B VEGETATION LIST (COMMON AND LATIN NAMES)

SLOCAN GROUP: PLATEAU DIVISION VANDERHOOF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM MAPPING

VANDERHOOF, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Submitted to:

Slocan Group: Plateau Division Vanderhoof, British Columbia

Submitted by:

AGRA Earth & Environmental Limited

Prince George, British Columbia October 19, 2004 KX02801

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