1

Table of Contents

Development ...................................................................................................... 2

Economics .......................................................................................................... 4

Education ........................................................................................................... 8

Qassem Soleimani Assassination ..................................................................... 11

Politics .............................................................................................................. 19

Africa ............................................................................................................. 19

Asia ............................................................................................................... 21

China............................................................................................................. 22

Europe .......................................................................................................... 23

Iran ................................................................................................................ 24

Iraq................................................................................................................ 25

"Israel" ........................................................................................................... 26

Lebanon ........................................................................................................ 27

Middle East ................................................................................................... 28

Russia ........................................................................................................... 31

Syria .............................................................................................................. 32

Turkey ........................................................................................................... 34

United States ................................................................................................ 35

2

Development

1. Robert Yates, Chatham House, South Africa Can Easily Afford

National Health Insurance, December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/south-africa-can-easily-afford-

national-health-insurance

(4 pages)

2. Yusuf Hassan, Chatham House, African Agency Holds Power to

Account in a Social Media Age, December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/african-agency-holds-power-account-

social-media-age

(3 pages)

3. Asie.Visions, IFRI, India’s Space Program - International

Competition and Evolution, December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/rajeswari_pillai_rajagopalan_indias_s

pace_program_2019.pdf

(29 pages)

4. David Feinerman, Brookings, Many businesses have irrational

human resources practices. How Cuyahoga County, Ohio is

working to address that, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/19/cuyahoga-county-ohios-

experiment-in-helping-businesses-invest-in-talent/

(3 pages)

5. Stephen Moret, Brookings, Setting the stage for talent-driven

economic development, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/12/setting-the-stage-for-talent-

driven-economic-development/

(3 pages)

3

6. Will Holman, Ronald C. Williams, Ph.D., Brookings, How a

Baltimore makerspace is encouraging trust between local

residents, businesses, and institutions, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2019/12/10/how-a-baltimore-makerspace-

is-encouraging-trust-between-local-residents-businesses-and-institutions/

(3 pages)

7. Christian Bodewig, Brookings, Climate change in the Sahel: How

can cash transfers help protect the poor? December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/12/04/climate-change-in-

the-sahel-how-can-cash-transfers-help-protect-the-poor/

(3 pages)

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4

Economics

تقدير ،المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوثيق، مديرية الدراسات االستراتيجي .1

2019كانون األول ، الفوائد االقتصادية للتكامل في بالد الشام

http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/8674679.pdf

(20 pages)

االقتصادأولياء الجمهورية: تشريح ،يزيد صايغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط .2

2019كانون األول ، العسكري المصري

https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/14/ar-pub-80489 (Arabic version)

https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Sayigh-Egypt_full_final2.pdf

(English version 360 pages)

المال المهاجر في تونس ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية، عادل الوشاني .3

2019كانون األول ،وإمكانات تفعيله في تحقيق التنمية: الفرصة الضائعة

https://caus.org.lb/ar/المال-المهاجر-في-تونس-وإمكانات-تفعيله/

(2 pages)

تاريخ الخلل اإلنتاجي في اإلنسان:تصدير الثروة واغتراب ، عمر هشام الشهابي .4

2019كانون األول ، دول الخليج العربية

https://caus.org.lb/ar/تصدير-الثروة-واغتراب-اإلنسان-تاريخ-ال/

(2 pages)

أزمة السياسة النقدية في ،فرحات أسعد فرحاتمركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، .5

2019كانون األول ،لبنان وسبل الخروج منها

https://caus.org.lb/ar/أزمة-السياسة-النقدية-في-لبنان-وسبل-الخ/

(2 pages)

6. Policy Center for the New South, ATLANTIC CURRENTS: An Annual

Report on Wider Atlantic Perspectives and Patterns – The South in

the Time of Turmoil, December 2019

https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/atlantic_currents_AD2019.pdf

(162 pages)

5

7. Tighisti Amare, Chatham House, The African Continental Free Trade

Area Could Boost African Agency in International Trade, December

2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/african-continental-free-trade-area-

could-boost-african-agency-international-trade

(5 pages)

8. Fergus Kell, Damir Kurtagic, Can the New European Commission

Deliver on Its Promises to Africa? December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-new-european-commission-

deliver-its-promises-africa

(6 pages)

9. Professor Philip Hanson OBE, Chatham House, Russian Economic

Policy and the Russian Economic System: Stability Versus Growth,

December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/CHHJ7799-Russia-Economics-RP-

WEB-FINAL.pdf

(21 pages)

10. European Institute of the Mediterranean, The Role of China in the

Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Beyond Economic Interests,

December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Report-27_The-role-of-

China-in-the-Middle-East.-Beyond-Economic-Interests.pdf

(6 pages)

11. Landry Signém, Brookings, What the United Arab Emirates can

teach resource-rich countries in Africa, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/19/what-the-united-arab-

emirates-can-teach-resource-rich-countries-in-africa/

(4 pages)

6

12. Dhruv Gandhi, Brookings, The Africa Growth Initiative’s top 5

figures of 2019, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/18/the-africa-growth-

initiatives-top-5-figures-of-2019/

(3 pages)

13. Louise Fox, Brookings, Income growth seems to be associated

with a more rapid employment transition in Africa, unless you are a

mineral exporter, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/17/income-growth-seems-

to-be-associated-with-a-more-rapid-employment-transition-in-africa-unless-you-

are-a-mineral-exporter/

(4 pages)

14. Zainab Usman, Indhira Santos, Jan Loeprick, Brookings, Show me

the money: How do we finance social protection for the future of

work in Africa? December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/12/show-me-the-money-

how-do-we-finance-social-protection-for-the-future-of-work-in-africa/

(3 pages)

15. Addisu Lashitew, Brookings, Ethiopia’s newly unified ruling party

pivots to a liberal political economy, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/12/06/ethiopias-newly-

unified-ruling-party-pivots-to-a-liberal-political-economy/ (4 pages)

16. Carlo Bastasin, Brookings, Why Italy cannot exit the euro,

December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/17/why-italy-cannot-

exit-the-euro/

(3 pages)

7

17. Lilia Burunciuc, Ivailo Izvorski, Brookings, Encouraging

transformations in Central Asia, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2019/12/13/encouraging-

transformations-in-central-asia/

(2 pages)

18. Paul RivlinMoshe Dayan Center (MDC), The Iranian Empire

Cracks, at Home and Abroad, December 2019

https://dayan.org/content/iranian-empire-cracks-home-and-abroad

(8 pages)

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8

Education

العوامل الميسرة سواط، تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم،طارق ال .1

كانون ،والمعيقة لقبول نشر نظم إدارة التعلم في المدارس الحكومية السعودية

2019األول

https://www.new-educ.com/نظم-إدارة-التعلم-في-المدارس-السعودية

(5 pages)

أثر المنصات تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، سلمان علي الجهني، .2

2019كانون األول ،التعليمية في تنمية مهارات التعلم الذاتي

https://www.new-educ.com/المنصات-التعليمية-والتعلم-الذاتي

(5 pages)

محة تاريخية لتعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، نوف بنت نايف العتيبي، .3

2019كانون األول ،لتطور مناهج التعليم في المملكة العربية السعودية

https://www.new-educ.com/تطور-مناهج-التعليم-في-السعودية

(5 pages)

مظاهر تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليم، عيد عبد الغني الديب عثمان، .4

2019كانون األول ،تأثر مناهج التاريخ بعصر المعلومات

https://www.new-educ.com/تأثر-مناهج-التاريخ-بعصر-المعلومات

(5 pages)

نماذج تعليم ستم ، تعليم جديد أخبار وأفكار تقنيات التعليمرويدة حسن أحمد، .5

STEM 2019، كانون األول ودور المعلم في تنفيذها

https://www.new-educ.com/نماذج-تعليم-ستم-stem-ودور-المعلم

(10 pages)

6. Christina Kwauk, Jessica Cooke, Elisa Hara, and Joni Pegram,

Brookings, Girls’ education in climate strategies, Opportunities for

improved policy and enhanced action in Nationally Determined

Contributions, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Girls-ed-in-climate-strategies-

working-paper-FINAL.pdf

(42 pages)

9

7. Emiliana Vegas, Rebecca Winthrop, Brookings, Top 7 global

education themes in 2019, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2019/12/20/top-7-global-

education-themes-in-2019/

(5 pages)

8. Tom Loveless, Brookings, The children PISA ignores in China,

December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/19/the-children-

pisa-ignores-in-china/

(5 pages)

9. Louis Serino, Brookings, Education may be pivotal in the 2020

election, Here’s what you need to know. Highlights from the Brown

Center Chalkboard in 2019, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/18/education-may-

be-pivotal-in-the-2020-election-heres-what-you-need-to-know/

(4 pages)

10. Paul T. Hill, Brookings, Desegregating schools: More than just

getting the numbers right, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/16/desegregating-

schools-more-than-just-getting-the-numbers-right/

(2 pages)

11. Dick Startz, Brookings, Advice matters: Faculty advisers and college

student success, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/10/advice-matters-

faculty-advisers-and-college-student-success/

(3 pages)

12. Tuan D. Nguyen, Matthew G. Springer, Reviewing the evidence on

teacher attrition and retention, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/04/reviewing-the-

evidence-on-teacher-attrition-and-retention/

(3 pages)

10

13. Ilana Umansky, Hanna Dumont, Do teachers have biased academic

perceptions of their English learner students? December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2019/12/03/do-teachers-

have-biased-academic-perceptions-of-their-english-learner-students/ (3 pages)

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11

Qassem Soleimani Assassination

الواليات المتحدة قتلت قاسم ،مايكل يونغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط .1

2020كانون الثاني سليماني، قائد فيلق القدس،

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80691 (Arabic Article, 4 pages)

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80690 (English Article, 4 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

تقارير عن نقل إيران في خضم مايكل يونغ، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط، .2

صواريخ بالستية قصيرة المدى إلى العراق لتنفيذ ضربات ضد القوات

2020كانون الثاني األميركية، كيف قد يكون رد واشنطن على هذه الخطوة؟

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80567 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80562 (English Article, 3 pages)

(Iran, Iraq, United States)

انتقام إيران لسليماني: نهاية جولة في الصراع مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .3

2020الثاني كانون ،المتواصل

https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/4542 (5 pages)

4. Karim Sadjadpour, Time, Why the U.S. Assassination of Soleimani

Is a Windfall for Iran’s Mullahs, January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/09/why-u.s.-assassination-of-soleimani-is-

windfall-for-iran-s-mullahs-pub-80758 (12 pages)

(Iran, United States)

5. MEE Staff, Middle East Eye, Who was Qassem Soleimani? January

2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/who-was-qassem-soleimani (5 pages)

(Soleimani)

6. Michele Dunne, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Iran

and the United Statess: This Is the Moment to Step Back, January

2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/03/iran-and-united-Statess-this-is-moment-to-

step-back-pub-80695 (2 pages)

(Iran, United States, Soleimani)

12

7. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

Trump’s Approach to Iran Is Muddled and Unpredictable, January

2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/01/trump-s-approach-to-iran-is-muddled-and-

unpredictable-pub-80686 (3 pages)

(Iran, United States)

8. Kim Ghattas, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

Qassem Soleimani Haunted the Arab World, January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/03/qassem-soleimani-haunted-arab-world-

pub-80705 (2 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

9. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

Where’s the Strategy? January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/05/where-s-strategy-pub-80700 (2 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

10. Frances Z. Brown, Los Angeles Times, Trump says he wants out

of costly foreign wars. But his actions say otherwise, January 2020

https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-01-08/trump-says-he-wants-out-of-

costly-foreign-wars-but-his-actions-say-otherwise (5 pages)

(Iran. United States, Middle East, Trump)

11. William J. Burns, Jake Sullivan, Carnegie Endowment for

International Peace, Soleimani’s Ultimate Revenge, January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/06/soleimani-s-ultimate-revenge-pub-80699

(3 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

12. Aaron David Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

Trump and Khamenei Want the Same Thing, January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/08/trump-and-khamenei-want-same-thing-

pub-80741 (2 pages)

(Iran, United States)

13

13. Andrew Miller, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, On

Iran, Momentary Relief Amid Trump’s Failed Policy, January 2020

https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/01/08/on-iran-momentary-relief-amid-trump-s-

failed-policy-pub-80735 (2 pages)

(Iran, United States, Trump)

14. Rudra Chaudhuri, Carnegie India, India’s View on Soleimani, Iran,

and the United States, January 2020

https://carnegieindia.org/2020/01/09/india-s-view-on-soleimani-iran-and-united-

Statess-pub-80743 (2 pages)

(Iran, India)

15. Crisis Group, Iran Sanctions under the Trump Administration,

December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-

peninsula/iran/iran-sanctions-under-trump-administration (5 pages)

16. Robert Malley, Crisis Group, A Perilous Turning Point in the U.S.-

Iran Confrontation, January 2020

https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-

peninsula/iran/perilous-turning-point-us-iran-confrontation (English Article, 3 pages)

https://www.crisisgroup.org/ar/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-

peninsula/iran/perilous-turning-point-us-iran-confrontation (Arabic Article, 3 pages)

17. Crisis Group, The Iran Nuclear Deal at Four: A Requiem? January

2020

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/210-iran-nuclear-deal-at-four-a-requiem.pdf

(English Article, 43 pages)

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/210-iran-nuclear-deal-at-four-arabic.pdf

(Arabic Article, 36 pages)

18. Professor Paul Stevens, Chatham House, Iran Crisis: The Impact

on Oil Markets, January 2020

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/iran-crisis-impact-oil-markets

(5 pages)

(Iran, United States)

14

19. Sima Shine, Eldad Shavit, INSS, The Strategic Balance between

Iran and the United States after the Targeted Killing of Qasem

Soleimani, January 2020

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/special-publication-23012020.pdf

(9 pages)

(Iran, United States, Soleimani)

20. Dr Sanam Vakil, Dr Renad, Chatham House, Mansour How the

Soleimani Assassination Will Reverberate Throughout the Middle

East, January 2020

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/how-soleimani-assassination-will-

reverberate-throughout-middle-east

(3 pages)

(Iran, Iraq, Soleimani)

21. Dr Lindsay Newman, Chatham House, Iran Crisis Pushes Foreign

Policy to Top of 2020 Election Debate, January 2020

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/iran-crisis-pushes-foreign-policy-top-

2020-election-debate

(3 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

22. The New York Times, U.S. Strike in Iraq Kills Qassim Suleimani,

Commander of Iranian Forces, January 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/02/world/middleeast/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-

attack.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage

(7 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

23. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Killing Iran’s Qassem Suleimani

changes the game in the Middle East, But has Trump really thought

out what comes next? January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/03/killing-irans-qassem-

suleimani-changes-the-game-in-the-middle-east/

(3 pages)

(Iranm Soleimani)

15

24. Tanvi Madan, Brookings, India’s reaction to the killing of Iranian

commander Qassem Soleimani, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/03/indias-reaction-to-the-

killing-of-iranian-commander-qassem-soleimani/ (6 pages)

(Iran, India)

25. Alice Friend, Mara Karlin, Loren Dejonge Schulman, Brookings,

Why did the Pentagon ever give Trump the option of killing

Soleimani? January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/14/why-did-the-pentagon-

ever-give-trump-the-option-of-killing-soleimani/ (5 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

26. Suzanne Maloney, Brookings, Iran knows how to bide its time.

Don’t expect immediate retaliation for Soleimani, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/iran-knows-how-to-

bide-its-time-dont-expect-immediate-retaliation-for-soleimani/ (5 pages)

(Iran, Soleimani)

27. Chris Meserole, Brookings, Iran spent years building a cyber

arsenal. Will it unleash that arsenal now? January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/iran-spent-years-

building-a-cyber-arsenal-will-it-unleash-that-arsenal-now/ (3 pages)

(Iran)

28. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Trump’s reckless Middle East policy

has brought the US to the brink of war, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/trumps-reckless-middle-

east-policy-has-brought-the-us-to-the-brink-of-war/ (5 pages)

(Iran, United States, Trump)

29. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, How terrorism helps — and hurts —

Iran, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/06/how-terrorism-helps-

and-hurts-iran/ (5 pages)

(Iran)

16

30. Ali Fathollah-Nejad, Brookings, What the killing of Qassem

Soleimani could mean, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/what-the-killing-of-

qassem-soleimani-could-mean/ (English Articles, 10 pages)

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/12/-ما-يمكن-أن-يعنيه-قتل

(Arabic Article, 10 pages) /قاسم-سليماني

(Iran, Soleimani)

31. Caitlin Talmadge, Brookings, Was it risky for the US to take public

responsibility for killing Soleimani? January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/was-it-risky-for-the-us-

to-take-public-responsibility-for-killing-soleimani/ (3 pages)

(Iran, Trump)

32. Thomas Wright, Brookings, How Donald Trump thinks about Iran,

January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/07/how-donald-trump-

thinks-about-iran/ (4 pages)

(Iran, Trump)

33. Strobe Talbott, Brookings, The only winner of the US-Iran

showdown is Russia, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/09/the-only-winner-of-the-

us-iran-showdown-is-russia/ (5 pages)

(Iran, US)

34. Bruce Riedel, Brookings, How the Iran-Iraq war shaped the

trajectories of figures like Qassem Soleimani, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/09/how-the-iran-iraq-war-

shaped-the-trajectories-of-figures-like-qassem-soleimani/ (3 pages)

(Iran, Iraq, US)

35. Shadi Hamid, Brookings, American self-criticism borders on

narcissism, The US role in the Middle East, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/american-self-criticism-

borders-on-narcissism/ (3 pages)

(Iran, United States)

17

36. Michael C. Horowitz, Elizabeth N. Saunders, War with Iran is still

less likely than you think, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/war-with-iran-is-still-

less-likely-than-you-think/

(3 pages)

(Iran, US)

37. Daniel L. Byman, Brookings, Iran’s next move, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/10/irans-next-move/

(3 pages)

(Iran, US)

38. Christopher Clary, Caitlin Talmadgem, Brookings, The US-Iran

crisis has calmed down — but things won’t ever go back to how

they were before, January 2020

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/01/17/the-u-s-iran-crisis-has-

calmed-down-but-things-wont-ever-go-back-to-how-they-were-before/ (2 pages)

39. Galip Dalay, Brookings, US-Iran tensions are set to widen Iraq's

sectarian divide, January 2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/iraqs-sunnis-and-kurds-must-pick-side-iran-

us-battle (6 pages)

(Iran, Iraq)

40. Paul Khalife, Middle East Eye, Death of Soleimani: A huge blow to

Hezbollah, January 2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/death-soleimani-huge-blow-hezbollah

(3 pages)

(Hezbollah, Soleimani)

41. Suadad al-Salhy, Middle East Eye, Tracked, targeted, killed:

Qassem Soleimani's final hours, January 2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/tracked-targeted-killed-qassem-soleimanis-final-

hours

(10 pages)

(Soleimani, Iran)

18

42. Nader Entessar, Kaveh Afrasiabi, Middle East Eye, Qassem

Soleimani assassination: Trump is playing with fire to save his

presidency, January 2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/washington-and-tehran-are-collision-course-

iraq (5 pages)

(Trump, Soleimani)

43. Marco Carnelos, Middle East Eye, Qassem Soleimani

assassination: Trump's new year fireworks will backfire, January

2020

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/qassem-soleimani-iraq-iran-us-trump-war

(3 pages)

(Trump, Soleimani)

Go to the top

19

Politics

Africa

الجماعات المسلحة بنيجيريا حكيم نجم الدين، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .1

2019ول ، كانون األوالسيناريوهات المحتملة بعد البغدادي

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-

01/013f52f5087d4b359184d3ff0c792650_100.pdf

(7 pages)

(Africa, ISWAP)

تنظيم الدولة والتمدد في إفريقيا: بلهول نسيم، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .2

2019كانون االستثمار في الهشاشة،

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-

01/8e24c08906584e909d4a93a3a0ea1c7a_100.pdf

(11 pages)

(Africa)

3. Shoji Matsumoto, Policy Center for the New South, Separatism in

Africa - A Fundamental Problem – December 2019

https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/PB%20-%2043-

19%20%28Matsumoto%29%20%281%29.pdf

(16 pages)

(Africa, Nigeria)

4. Christopher Vandome, Chatham House, Can Liberation Movements

Really Rid Southern Africa of Corruption? December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-liberation-movements-

really-rid-southern-africa-corruption (3 pages)

(Africa, Liberation Movements)

5. Benjamin AUGE, IFRI, Angola under Joao Lourenço: Who Are the

New Players of MPLA State? December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/auge_angola_under_joao_lo

urenco_2019.pdf (31 pages)

(Angola)

20

6. Benjamin AUGE, IFRI, The Development of Hydrocarbons in East

Africa: Political and Security Challenges, December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/auge_hydrocarbons_east_af

rica_2019.pdf

(30 pages)

(East Africa)

7. Crisis Group, Keeping Ethiopia’s Transition on the Rails, December

2019

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/283-keeping-ethiopias-transition.pdf

(31 pages)

(Africa, Ethiopia)

8. Crisis Group, A New Approach for the UN to Stabilise the DR Congo,

December 2019

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b148-a-new-approach-for-the-un.pdf

(16 pages)

(Africa, Congo)

9. Hannah Armstrong, Crisis Group, Behind the Jihadist Attack in

Niger's Inates, December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/sahel/niger/behind-jihadist-attack-inates

(3 pages)

(Africa, Jihad)

10. Crisis Group, A New Approach for the UN to Stabilise the DR Congo,

December 2019

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b148-a-new-approach-for-the-un.pdf

(16 pages)

(Africa, Congo)

11. Crisis Group, A Short Window to Resuscitate South Sudan’s Ailing

Peace Deal, December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/south-sudan/short-window-

resuscitate-south-sudans-ailing-peace-deal (4 pages)

(Africa, Sudan)

o to the topG

21

Asia

12. Sinan Ülgen, Foreign Policy, Don’t Blame Turkey for NATO’s Woes,

December 2019

https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/03/dont-blame-turkey-for-natos-woes/

(5 pages)

(Turkey, NATO)

13. Duyeon Kim, Crisis Group, Counting Down to North Korea’s Year-

end Deadline, December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/korean-peninsula/counting-down-

north-koreas-year-end-deadline

(7 pages)

(Asia, Korea)

14. Crisis Group, A Sustainable Policy for Rohingya Refugees in

Bangladesh, December 2019

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/303-a-sustainable-policy-for-rohingya.pdf

(28 pages)

(Asia, Bangladesh)

Go to the top

22

China

لحزام ا ، المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوثيق،مديرية الدراسات االستراتيجية .15

2019كانون األول ،أشكال متنافسة من العولمةوالعالم: والطريق" الصيني

http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/2650582.pdf (53 pages)

16. Alice EKMAN, Etudes de l'Ifri, China’s Smart Cities: The New

Geopolitical Battleground, December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ekman_smart_cities_battlegroun

d.pdf (31 pages)

(China)

17. Crisis group, Why China must send Michael Kovrig home,

December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/north-east-asia/china/why-china-must-send-michael-

kovrig-home (3 pages)

(China)

18. Adam P. LIFF, Brookings, China, Japan, and the East China Sea:

Beijing’s “gray zone” coercion and Tokyo’s response, December

2019

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-

content/uploads/2019/12/FP_20191202_east_china_sea_liff.pdf (16 pages)

(China, Japan)

19. Zach Vertin, Brookings, Red Sea geopolitics: Six plotlines to watch,

December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/research/red-sea-geopolitics-six-plotlines-to-watch/

(7 pages)

(The Red Sea)

20. Kharis Templeman, Brookings, Taiwan’s January 2020 elections:

Prospects and implications for China and the United States,

December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-

content/uploads/2019/12/FP_20191231_taiwan_election_templeman-1.pdf (29 pages)

Go to the top

23

Europe

21. Çiğdem Üstün, European Institute of the Mediterranean, The Impact

of Migration Policies on the EU’s Image as a Value Driven Normative

Actor, December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo46_Cigdem-

Ustun.pdf

(38 pages)

(European Union)

22. Sherin Gharib, European Institute of the Mediterranean, Who Owns

What? – Free Trade Policies, Migration Management and the

Ambiguity of “Joint Ownership” December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo45_Joint-

Ownership_Migration_Trade_.pdf

(42 pages)

(European Union)

23. Crisis Group, Digging out of Deadlock in Nagorno-Karabakh,

December 2019

https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/255-digging-out-of-deadlock.pdf

(48 pages)

(Europe)

24. Crisis Group, Picturing the Uncertain Calm on Armenia’s Front

Lines, December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/caucasus/armenia/picturing-uncertain-

calm-armenias-front-lines

(10 pages)

(Armenia)

25. Jeffrey Gedmin, Brookings, How “populist” is the AfD? A 'Muslims

in the West' reaction essay, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-populist-is-the-afd/

(5 pages)

(Europe)

Go to the top

24

Iran

الجيوبوليتيك الشيعي والمخيلة مركز الجزيرة للدراسات،، فراس إلياس .26

2019، كانون األول الجيوستراتيجية اإليرانية: مجاالت التأثير وبناء النفوذ

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-

ar/documents/60c6d464eca14f20989f7f21775b785a_100.pdf (19 pages)

(Iran, Shiite geopolitics)

ان وأوروبا: الخالفات تتصاعد بشأن إير عماد آبشناس، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .27

2019كانون األول االتفاق النووي،

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-

01/d941edc9dc1d49b1bd56e52e460cfc88_100.pdf (8 pages)

(Iran, Europe)

اإليراني -التجاذب األميركي فراس عباس هاشم، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .28

2019كانون األول وتأصيل القوة المحورية في الشرق األوسط،

https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/4517 (3 pages)

(Iran, America)

29. Eldad Shavit, Sima Shine, Bat Chen Feldman, INSS, Political

Instability in Iraq: A Serious Threat to Iran’s Interests, December

2019

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1240.pdf (4 pages)

(Iran, United States)

30. Dr Sanam Vakil, Chatham House, As Parliamentary Elections Loom,

the Legitimacy of Iran’s Regime Has Been Shaken, December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/parliamentary-elections-loom-

legitimacy-iran-s-regime-has-been-shaken (3 pages)

(Iran, United States)

31. Crisis Group, Learning the Right Lessons from Protests in Iran,

December 2019

https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-

peninsula/iran/learning-right-lessons-protests-iran (5 pages)

(Iran)

Go to the top

25

Iraq

األهلية، العراق: وعود االنتفاضة الشعبية ونذر الحرب مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .32

2019كانون األول

https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/node/4511 (6 pages)

(Iraq)

33. Crisis Group, Rescuing Iraq from the Iran-U.S. Crossfire, January

2020

https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/rescuing-iraq-iran-us-

crossfire (English Article, 3 pages)

https://www.crisisgroup.org/ar/middle-east-north-africa/rescuing-iraq-iran-us-

crossfire (Arabic Article, 3 pages)

(Iraq, Iran, United States)

34. Daniel L. Bymanm, Brookings, Is change likely in Iraq? December

2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/20/is-change-likely-

in-iraq/

(3 pages)

(Iraq)

35. Suadad al-Salhy, Middle East Eye, EXCLUSIVE: Iran tasked

Nasrallah with uniting Iraqi proxies after Soleimani's death,

December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-iran-asked-nasrallah-organise-

iraqi-militias-after-soleimanis-death

(4 pages)

(Iraq, Iran)

36. MEE Staff, Middle East Eye, Rocket attack in northern Iraq kills

US contractor, wounds military personnel, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/rocket-attack-northern-iraq-kills-us-

contractor-wounds-military-personnel

(3 pages)

(Iraq, US)

Go to the top

26

"Israel"

النكبة الفلسطينية وتأسيس ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية،سّيار الجميل .37

في مسردات التاريخ العالمي )دراسة نقدية في التاريخ الموسوعي « إسرائيل»

2019كانون األول ،المقارن(https://caus.org.lb/ar/النكبة-الفلسطينية-وتأسيس-إسرائيل-ف/ (2 pages)

(Palestine)

38. Aaron David Miller, Robert Malley, Carnegie Endowment for

International Peace, Netanyahu’s Exit Won’t Jump-Start a Peace

Deal, December 2019

https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/12/04/netanyahu-s-exit-won-t-jump-start-

peace-deal-pub-80494 (3 pages)

(Israeli-Palestinian peace, Netanyahu)

39. Oded Eran, Shimon Stein, INSS, A New Leadership at the

European Union: A Chance for Better EU Ties with Israel?

December 2019

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1237.pdf (4 page)

(Israel, European Union)

40. Pnina Sharvit Baruch, INSS, The International Criminal Court on

Israel: Another Step toward Investigation, December 2019

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1239.pdf (5 pages)

(Israel)

41. Lily Galili, Middle East Eye, Gulf-Israel ties: A new Middle East or

a distraction from domestic chaos? December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-gulf-ties-katz-transportation-peace-

nuclear-iron-dome (3 pages)

(Israel)

Go to the top

27

Lebanon

خطوط الصراع في عقد …2020 عمرو حمزاوي، مركز كارنيغي للشرق األوسط، .42

2019كانون األول د، العرب الجدي

https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/30/ar-pub-80714 (3 pages)

…في تفسير احتجاجات العرب عمرو حمزاوي، مركز كارينغي للشرق األوسط، .43

2019انون األول كبحث الحكام والمواطنين عن عقد اجتماعي جديد،

https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/12/17/ar-pub-80615

(4 pages)

(Lebanon)

الحراك اللبناني: البواعث والمكونات شفيق شقير، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .44

2019كانون األول والتداعيات،

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-

01/0885cafcf0ad482a893da78859c1c3d1_100.pdf

(10 pages)

(Lebanon, Lebanese movement)

45. Jeffrey Feltman, Brookings, With Lebanon making fragile

progress, now is the wrong time to pull US assistance, December

2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/11/01/with-lebanon-

making-fragile-progress-now-is-the-wrong-time-to-pull-u-s-assistance/

(3 pages)

(Lebanon)

Go to the top

28

Middle East

كانون ،ما يعنيه شهٌر في حياة بلد غي للشرق األوسط،يبدر السيف، مركز كارن .46

2019األول

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80551 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80486 (English Article, 4 pages)

(Middle East, Kuwait)

، بين التغيير واستمرار خيبة األملغي للشرق األوسط، يبدر السيف، مركز كارن .47

2019كانون األول

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80673 (Arabic Article, 3 pages)

https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/80647 (English Article, 4 pages)

(Middle East, Kuwait)

: سمات الموجة الثانية من الثورة العربية وآفاق، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات .48 ها،رح ل

2019انون األول ك

https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/641 (6 pages)

(Sudan, Algeria)

االنتخابات الرئاسية في الجزائر مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، بلغيث عبد اهلل، .49

2019كانون األول سي، وتحديات االستقرار السيا 2019ديسمبر

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-

ar/documents/820a4aa6725145e381af16c918518cfd_100.pdf

(11 pages)

(Algeria)

ليبيا في سياسة تركيا محمود سمير الرنتيسي، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .50

2019كانون األول الخارجية حقائق جديدة في معادالت البر والبحر،

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-

ar/documents/ef310d4865904c15b7bd7faf58bb41ef_100.pdf

(9 pages)

(Libya, Turkey)

منذ ، الجيوبوليتيكيق، دكتور محمد طّي، المركز االستشاري للدراسات والتوث .51

2019، كانون األول حتى اليوم، منتصف القرن التاسع عشر

http://dirasat.net/uploads/research/5579342.pdf (54 pages)

Go to the top

29

52. Nael M. Shama, Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, The Geopolitics of

a Latent International Conflict in Eastern Mediterranean,

December 2019

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/documents/2020-

01/8a79585b90e9471c9d883a2ab5ba4f57_100.pdf

(14 pages)

(Middle East)

53. Middle East Eye, 2020 outlook: Where is the Middle East heading?

December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/2020-middle-east-key-issues-to-watch

(15 pages)

(Middle East)

54. Joe Gill, Middle East Eye, 2010-2019: The Middle East's decade

of revolution, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/middle-east-and-revolution-who-fell-and-

who-survived-decade

(10 pages)

(Middle East)

55. Frederic Wehrey, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,

With the Help of Russian Fighters, Libya’s Haftar Could Take

Tripoli, December 2019

https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/12/05/with-help-of-russian-fighters-libya-s-

haftar-could-take-tripoli-pub-80511

(5 pages)

(Russia, Libya)

56. Shimon Stein, INSS, Another Arab Bid to Establish a Weapons of

Mass Destruction Free Zone in the Middle East, December 2019

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1241.pdf (4 pages)

(Middle East, Israel)

Go to the top

30

57. Mahmoud Hammad, European Institute of the Mediterranean,

Graffiti and Political Sarcasm as Tools for Political Participation

in Egypt, December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Brief105_graffiti-and-

political-sarcasm_Egypt.pdf (12 pages)

(Middle East, Egypt)

58. Anna Stahl, Jana Treffler, European Institute of the

Mediterranean, Germany’s Security Assistance to Tunisia: A

Boost to Tunisia’s Long-Term Stability and Democracy?

December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-

content/uploads/2019/12/EuroMeSCo44_Germany-Security-Assistance-to-

Tunisia.pdf (66 pages)

(Tunisia, Germany)

59. European Institute of the Mediterranean, Francesca Caruso, Tin

Hinane El Kadi, Kamel Meili, Luca Miehe & Salah Eddine Salhi,

Algeria: To Vote or Not to Vote? December 2019

https://www.euromesco.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Spot-On-13-Algeria-to-

vote-or-not-to-vote.pdf (6 pages)

(Algeria)

60. Yossi Melman, Middle East, Israel is increasingly looking at

Yemen with concern, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-increasingly-looking-yemen-concern

(3 pages)

(Yamen)

61. Mira Tzoreff, Moshe Dayan Center (MDC), ʿAbd al-Fattah al-Sisi's

"Rehabilitation of Anwar al-Sadat”, December 2019

https://dayan.org/content/abd-al-fattah-al-sisis-rehabilitation-anwar-al-sadat

(5 pages)

(Egypt)

Go to the top

31

Russia

62. Kate Mallinson, Chatham House, Can Uzbekistan’s President Meet

Raised Expectations? December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/can-uzbekistan-s-president-meet-

raised-expectations

(2 pages)

(Russia)

63. Annette Bohr, Chatham House, Kazakhstan: Reaching Out to

Central Asian Neighbours, December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/kazakhstan-reaching-out-central-

asian-neighbours

(5 pages)

(Russia, Central Asia)

64. Tatiana MITROVA, Vitaly YERMAKOV, IFRI, Russia’s Energy

Strategy-2035: Struggling to Remain Relevant, December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mitrova_yermakov_russias_energy

_strategy_2019.pdf

(44 pages)

(Russia)

65. Tatiana Kastouéva-Jean, Russia Matters, Is a 'Reset' Between

France and Russia Needed and, If So, Is It Possible? December 2019

https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/reset-between-france-and-russia-needed-

and-if-so-it-possible

(4 pages)

(Russia, France)

66. Michael E. O’Hanlon, Adam Twardowskim Brookings, Unpacking

the China-Russia ‘alliance’, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/13/unpacking-the-china-

russia-alliance/

(3 pages)

Go to the top

32

Syria

67. Eyal Tsir Cohen, Brookings, What can we learn from the escalating

Israeli raids in Syria? December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/06/what-can-we-learn-

from-the-escalating-israeli-raids-in-syria/ (5 pages)

(Syria, Israel)

68. Harun al-Aswadm, Middle East Eye, For Syrians in Idlib, the road to

Damascus does not pass through Libya, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrians-idlib-road-damascus-does-not-pass-

through-libya ( pages)

(Syria, Libya)

69. MEE staff, Middle East Eye, UN increases 2020 operating budget to

investigate Syria war crimes, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-increases-2020-operating-budget-

investigate-syria-war-crimes

(UN, Syria)

70. MEE staff, Middle East Eye, Almost empty': More than 235,000 flee

southern Idlib as bombing intensifies, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/almost-empty-more-235000-flee-southern-

idlib-bombing-intensifies (2 pages)

(Syria, Idlib)

71. Ragip Soylu, Harun al-Aswad, Turkey to send Syrian rebel fighters

to battle Haftar in Libya, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-send-syrian-rebel-fighters-fight-haftar-

libya (4 pages)

(Turkey, Syria)

72. Sheren Khalel, Middle East Eye, 'Don't be a tough guy': Trump

statements that shaped US-Syria policy in 2019, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/trump-syria-policy-seven-statements-2019

(3 pages)

(Syria, US)

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33

73. Yossi Melman in Tel Aviv, Middle East Eye, The rules have changed':

Iran-Israel tensions hit high gear with Syria attack, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-iran-syria-attacks-strikes-netanyahu-

us-drawdown-missiles

(5 pages)

(Syria, Iran, Israel)

Go to the top

34

Turkey

ماد التركية: اعت-العالقات القطرية طارق الشرقاوي، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .74

2019، كانون متبادل وفرص سانحةhttps://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-

ar/documents/d301f8b3415043818564ea21e9fa01c3_100.pdf (7 pages)

(Turkey, Qatar)

75. Gallia Lindenstrauss, Sarah J. Feuer, Ofir Winter, INSS, The Perils

of the Turkey-Libya Maritime Delimitation Deal, December 2019

https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/No.-1238.pdf (4 pages)

(Turkey, Libya)

76. Ömer Taşpınar, Brookings, ISIS and the false dawn of Kurdish

statehood, December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/13/isis-and-the-false-

dawn-of-kurdish-statehood/ (3 pages)

(Kurdish, ISIS)

77. Kemal Kirişci, Brookings, How to leverage trade concessions to

improve refugee self-reliance and host community resilience,

December 2019

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2019/12/15/how-to-leverage-

trade-concessions-to-improve-refugee-self-reliance-and-host-community-

resilience/ (6 pages)

(Turkey)

78. Umar A Farooq, Middle East Eye, Erdogan's White House visit:

Strategic success or 'kicking the can down the road'? December

2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/erdogan-white-house-visit-success-or-

stalemate (5 pages)

(Turkey, Trump)

79. Hay Eytan Cohen Yanarocak, Moshe Dayan Center (MDC), Erdoğan

under Political Siege, December 2019

https://dayan.org/content/erdogan-under-political-siege (4 pages)

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35

United States

جولة عاشرة من المفاوضات حميد اهلل محمد شاه، مركز الجزيرة للدراسات، .80

2019كانون األول ، نقاط الخالفمع "طالبان":

https://studies.aljazeera.net/sites/default/files/articles/reports-

ar/documents/0fc42b46fdb44686a44a58bf3eb3f1af_100.pdf

(6 pages)

(United States, Taliban)

إدارة ترامب للسياسة ، مركز دراسات الوحدة الوطنية،علي موسى الددا .81

2019كانون األول ،الخارجية األمريكية في الشرق األوسط

https://caus.org.lb/ar/إدارة-ترامب-للسياسة-الخارجية-األمريك/

(2 pages)

82. Erik Brattberg, Philippe Le Corre, Carne The Case for

Transatlantic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

https://carnegieendowment.org/files/WP_BrattbergLeCorre_FINAL1.pdf

(47 pages)

(United States)

83. Héloïse Goodley, Chatham House, Trump’s Threat to Target Iran’s

Cultural Heritage Is Illegal and Wrong, December 2019

https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/trump-s-threat-target-iran-s-

cultural-heritage-illegal-and-wrong (2 pages)

(United State, Iran, Trump)

84. Arnault BARICHELLA, IFRI, The Battle Heats Up: Climate Issues in

the 2020 US Presidential Election, December 2019

https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/barichella_energy_us_elections_2

019.pdf (6 pages)

(United States, Elections)

85. Ali Harbm Middle East Eye, US policy in Middle East: 10 defining

moments from decade, December 2019

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-policy-middle-east-10-defining-moments-

decade (10 pages)

(Middle East, US)

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