Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

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Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials Du Sihong June 22, 2011

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Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials. Du Sihong June 22, 2011. Petroleum Coke. Graphite electrodes. Disadvantage [1-3]. Low initial columbic efficiency Poor cycle life. Advantage [1-3]. Theory Capacitance 372mAh/g Voltage - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

Page 1: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite

Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

Du SihongJune 22, 2011

Page 2: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

[1] Daliang Liu, Fei Du, etc. Journal of Materials Letters, 2009[2] Feng Wang, Jason Graetz, etc., J ASCNano, 2011

Advantage[1-3]

Lamellar structure High specific capacityLow working potentialRich in raw materialsNon-pollution

Graphite electrodes

Disadvantage[1-3] Low initial columbic efficiencyPoor cycle life

Theory Capacitance 372mAh/gVoltage 0-0.25V

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layerIrreversible reaction

MCMB

Needle Coke

0.1mm-0.25mm

Page 3: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

Potential of the anode/cathode material for lithium batteries

[3] The chart made by Ping Lina, April, April, 28,201028,2010

Theory Capacitance 372mAh/gVoltage 0-0.25V

Page 4: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

[1] Daliang Liu, Fei Du, etc. Journal of Materials Letters, 2009[2] Feng Wang, Jason Graetz, etc., J ASCNano, 2011

Advantage[1-3]

Lamellar structure High specific capacityLow working potentialRich in raw materialsNon-pollution

Graphite electrodes

Disadvantage[1-3] Low initial columbic efficiencyPoor cycle life

Theory Capacitance 372mAh/gVoltage 0-0.25V

Solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layerIrreversible reaction

MCMB

Needle Coke

0.1mm-0.25mm

Page 5: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

小飞守角制作小飞守角制作

Action : Improment of Graphite anode materialsLithium in Intercalated Graphite ( Li-

GIC )

TheGoal

防止电解液本体离子浓度的降低,抑制不可逆容量损失

防止阴离子在正极的不可逆吸附

提高电导率,减小极化,使电位趋于稳定、平坦

改善电容器充放电特性,提高电容量

形成有效 SEI膜,防止溶剂的共嵌入效应,保护电极

D.AurbachY.Ein-Eli, etc.FTIR/XPS/ Electrochemical methods

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Contains

Introduction of the

Graphite Intercalation Compound

The Plan for My

ExperimentFeasibility

Study

Page 7: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

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Graphite Intercalation Compound(GIC)

Features

Definition

石墨层间化合物 [4] :是一种利用物理或化学的方法使非碳质反应物 ( 原子、 分子、 离子或粒子团 ) 插人到石墨层问,和其六角网络平面结合的同时又保持了石墨层状结构的晶体化合物。

新化合物在晶体结构上的特点是外来反应物形成了独立的插人物层,并在石墨的 c 轴方向形成超点阵,在结构尺度上, GIC 是一种纳米级复合材料。

[4] 康飞宇 . 关于 GIC 研究的几点见解 . Journal of Carbon Techniques, 2000:109(4), 17-20

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Mechanism of Li-GICT.Ohzuku etc.

Graphite Stage1* Stage4 Stage3

Stage2L Stage2 Stage1

Tsufomu Ohzuku, Yasunobu lwakoshi, etc. J. Electrochem. Soc 1993

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超高贮锂炭材料的嵌锂机理

A.Mabuchi, etc.

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Composite Methods

双室法 化学法 电化学法

合成过程:在一个真空密封耐热玻璃管的两端分别放置石墨和插层物,用两组电炉控制温度,使石墨和气相的插层物发生插层反应。优点:精确控制反应室两端的温度可以获得组成和阶结构比较均匀的产物。缺点:反应要求较高的温度和时间;难以进行大批量生产。

合成过程:将石墨和辅助阳极一起构成阳极室浸泡在插层剂电解液中,通以直流或脉冲电流,经过一定的氧化时间后取出,水洗干燥后即可得到 GIC 纳米复合材料。优点:通过控制反应的电化学参数 ( 电流、电位,电量等 ) 可以有效地控制反应的速度以及所生成 GIC 纳米复合材料的阶结构。

合成过程:将氧化剂与浓硫酸按一定比例配成氧化酸液,把鳞片石墨浸泡其中,使硫酸根离子插入石墨层间与已经被氧化的碳原子相结合,合成 GIC 。优点:反应速度很决,设备成本低,石墨膨胀的效果好。缺点:大量使用强氧化剂,易产生过氧化反应;反应速度太快,难以控制产物的阶结构。

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The preparation of a stage-2 Co-GIC

Intercalation of pristine CoCl2 into a single crystal of kish graphite in a Cl2 gas atmosphere at 740 Torr/98.420KPa for three weeks at 540 ℃

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原料:天然鳞片石墨 (d 400nm)﹤ 和金属钾

合成路径:

石墨研磨 石墨室 插层物室金属钾

控温 400 ℃控压 1.33Pa

控温 250 ℃控压 1.33Pa

反应 2-3天 浅棕色 K-

GIC 粉末

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熔盐法合成 FeCl3—CuCl2 三元石墨插层化合物

NatureGraphite

FeCl3Power

CuCl2Power

真空密封熔融T=350 ℃

t=8h

washing

Fe-Cu-GIC

drying

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电化学法合成 FeCl3—ZnCl2 三元石墨插层化合物

Anode Electrolyte

CathodeNatureGraphite

55gFeCl3-70gZnCl2-36mlH2O

恒电流密度100mA/cm2

t=2h

washingdryingT=80 ℃

t=0.5h

Stage4 Fe-Zn-GIC

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Liquid-solid reactionIncluding several successive steps: Purification of the reagents Formation of the reactive alloy Reaction and sample recovery

[5] Sebastien Pruvost, Claire Herold, etc. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

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pyrolytic graphite

lithium–europium

alloy

T=350℃Li/Eu = 2.5

10 days

T=350 ℃EuC6

Page 17: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

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Page 18: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

The Plan for My Experiment

Main work

Main Material

Design of experiment

The plan for futureThe plan for future

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Design of ExperimentProgram One:

Electrochemically lithiated synthetic graphite-Organic

Anode Electrolyte Cathode

NatureGraphite

EC/ DMC=1:1

恒电流密度20mA/g

电压 2.5-0V

Li-GIC

lithium metal

Question: How to magnify this method to realize industry ?

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Program Two: Electrochemically lithiated synthetic graphite-

hydrographic net

[5] 康飞宇,清华大学,膨胀石墨制造方法及其装置,发明专利, 1992

1. 电化学反应槽2. 阳极板3. 阴极板4. 可渗透隔离板框架5. 石墨6. 电解液7 直流电源8. 加压重锤9. 搅拌器

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Program Three: Liquid-solid reaction

pyrolytic graphite

Lithium180 ℃

T=180-200℃

2-5h

T=200 ℃LiC6

Question: Come it through ? The conditions for the reaction?

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Feasibility Study

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Electrochemical methods

Future Works

Improve the

programs

Experiment Feasibility Study

Analyse

Page 24: Synthesis and Characterisation of Lithium Graphite Intercalation Compound Anode Materials

Thanks To Everybody !!!“I Always Consider The Specialty 、 Speed、Efficiency 、 And Try My BestTo Get It”

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