Symbols to know:• CO2 = carbon dioxide• O2 = oxygen• CH4 = methane (natural gas)• Glucose = sugar

Koppen Climate Zones / Factors

Carbon Cycle / Ocean Acidification

Greenhouse Effect / Greenhouse Gases

Albedo / Sea Ice & Land Ice (glaciers)

Climate Change / Global Warming

Effects & Evidence of Global Warming

Paleoclimate / Ice Core Samples

read ALL of Chap. 21

CARBON CYCLEAtoms Molecules

Element Carbon Carbon Compounds

diamond (C)graphite (C)

• ashes• carbon dioxide (CO2)• calcium carbonate (CaCO3)• sugar / glucose (C6H12O6)• organic compounds (fats, protein, etc)• hydrocarbons (long chains of carbon & hydrogen)• fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) are hydrocarbons

Fun Facts about Carbon: (you don’t have to know this)

Diamonds Graphite

CARBON CYCLEnotes

AtmosphereCO2 gas (<1% of all gases), delicate balance

Bill Nye, Cows & Methane video

Biosphere

Photosynthesis – plants (producers) take in CO2, make sugar (food), & give off O2

Respiration – living things (organisms) break down sugar (food) & give off CO2

organic decay – fungi & bacteria (decomposers) break down living remains & give off CO2

Geosphere

Lithosphere - largest depository of carbon (in rocks), volcanoes release CO2, deposition (into rock), weathering (into CO2 gas), carbon sediments buried over long periods can become

fossil fuels (coal, oil) burning them releases CO2

Hydrosphere

carbonic acid forms when CO2 of the atmosphere dissolves in water

pH scale: low number = 1 (acidic), 7 (neutral, H2O), high number = 14 (basic)

Ocean Acidification video

CARBON CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE (review)

Term Definition relation to the Carbon Cycle

1 Energy

2 Atmosphere

3 Photosynthesis

4 Respiration

5 Decomposers

6 Decay (Rotting)

7 Fossil Fuels

8 Deforestation

9 Combustion

10 Forest Fires

Ocean AcidificationYes, it dissolves coral reefs !

Sun’s energy passes through the windshield.

Energy (heat) is trapped inside the car & cannot pass back through the

windshield, causing the warm up.

Greenhouse Effect

Don’t write this, THINK about it !

You already know what it is:

Should I leave my dog or baby in the

car?

the Greenhouse Effect

The natural warming of Earth’s surface & lower

atmosphere due to trapped heat energy.

What are the “other gases” that cause the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse Gases:

CO2 = carbon dioxide

THINK ABOUT IT

Hint: Venus has a very thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO2)

Why is Venus the hottest planet in the solar system even though Mercury is a lot closer to the Sun?

Answer:

the extra CO2 causes the greenhouse effect to be stronger by trapping more heat

Venus has an average surface temperature hot enough to melt lead!

ALBEDOability of a surface to reflect light & heat energy back into the

atmosphere & spaceLow Medium High

anything darker / blackanything middle spectrum /

green or brownanything lighter color / white

rooftops, blacktops, darker soils

plants, trees ice, snow, glaciers, clouds

Urban Heat IslandUrban area that has a consistently higher temperature than the

surrounding rural areas due to the trapping of heat by buildings, concrete, & asphalt.

Ways to reduce it:

• Tree cover / canopy• Green rooftops / rooftop gardens

• “Rubberized” Asphalt• Permeable paving materials

Permeable pavers reduce the Urban Heat Island effect.

Ice Core DataIce Core Data

COCO22 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica

Possible Aim/s: a. How does global warming work?

b. What’s up with global warming?

c. How does carbon dioxide emission affect global warming?

Do Now: Write at least three questions

about the diagram/picture.

GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the

Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that

refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

Clarifications:

Compare Global Changes:

Acid Precipitation Ozone Depletion Global Warming

caused by caused by caused by

Nitrogen & Sulfur OxidesC.F.C.’s

(chlorofluorocarbons)CO2 , H2O, & Methane

Effects of Global WarmingIncreased Temperature

Habitat Damage and

Species Affected

Changes in Water Supply

Rising Sea Level

What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

Portage Glacier

1914 2004

• Alaska

Colorado River

• Arizona

June 2002 Dec 2003

Burning of Fossil Fuels

Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oilPollution from coal, natural gas, and oilPollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

Global Warming:Global Warming:

Shifting GearsShifting Gears

What’s being done now to reduce our emissions?

Solar Power Wind Power Fuel-Efficiency

What can you do to help solve the What can you do to help solve the problem?problem?

Simple Things To Do

Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it.

Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains.

Turn off the lights when you leave a room.

Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs

IncandescentCompact

Fluorescent

500 lbs. of coal

What’s the difference?

•1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided •$30 saved

Simple Things To Do

Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up

the air conditioning. Or use a fan.

Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat.

Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on

your AC and furnace clean.

Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car.

Plant a tree. Recycle.

Phase 2- Activity

a. Designing and Constructing The Temperature Reader

b. Using the temperature reader in an experiment.

c. Fill out the worksheet as you perform the experiment.

Phase 3- Reflection, Feedback and RevisionUse the rubric to evaluate the temperature reader and laboratory sheet. Then switch with other groups and let them do the same. Revise the temperature reader and lab worksheet as needed.