SX ri duong mia

8/3/2019 SX ri duong mia

1/20

1

I. G NGMA

Trong cng nghip, ng c sn xut t c ci ng v ma, c khong 60%

ng c sn xut t ma.

Ma l cy a m, c trng ph bin cc nc chu , chu c, Cuba, o Giava,

vng Ha oai. Trong qu trnh ch bin ma thnh ng knh s thu c mt loi ph

liu l g ngma.

I.1 SN XUT G NG MA

ng ma th gm hai hp phn : cc tinh th ng saccharose v mt bao bc pha

ngoi c cha ng, cc cht phi ng v cc cht mu.

S thu g ng ma:

Lng trong bng vicho bo ha CO2

Lc v sulfit ha

Dch ng non Ic ly tm

ng th

c tinh

Ly tm

Ln tron

Thu ng trng

G ngcn li sau cng

Cn mu c x l 3 ln

thu ng loi II, III,IV


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Trung bnh thnh phn g ngt tinh ch ng th c: 25-40% saccharose, 12-30%

ng kh, 0.3%-0.5% nit. Axit aconitic chim phn ln cht phi ng hu c ca g

ngkhong 5%. Cc cht kh gm: glucose, fructose, cccht kh khng ln men

c l caramel v melanoidine (sn phm ngng t gia ng v amino axit), chng

chim khong 1.7% trng lng g ng. Lng cht khng ln men c trong g

ngs tng do nhit cao khi x l ma.

I.2 S DNG G NGMA

G ngma c dng lm nguyn liu trong cng nghip ln men sn xut ru,

ru Rum, cc dung mi aceton v butanol, nm men, axit citric, lactic, aconitic v

glycerin. G ngcng c dng mt phn lm thc n gia sc.

Hnh 1: ng ma

I.3 CH BIN G NGMA THNH RU

C s khoa hc: L qu trnh ln men ng thnh ru l s phn gii cc cht ng

thnh ru v CO2 di tc dng ca cht men do nm mentit ra.

S ln men ru l mt qu trnh sinh ha phc tp, c s tham gia ca nm men

Saccharomyces, tri qua hng lot cc phn ng phc tp vi s tham gia ca nhiu men

xc tc.

Phng trnh tng qut ca s ln men ru

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 27Kcal

I.3.1 Cc iu kin chnh ca qu trnh ln men ru


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Nm men ch c kh nng ln men monose v disaccharide. Vi g ngthnh phn

ch yu l monose v disaccharide nn rt thun li cho qu trnh ln men.

Nng ng: nh hng n hiu sut ln men. Nm men ch c kh nng ln men

ng thnh ru trong khong nng ng ph hp t 10 15 % nng ng

qu cao s c ch nm men, v kh nng ln men ru gim.

nh hng ca oxy: Nm men l loi vi sinh vt h hp ty tin. Trong iu kin ymkh n s ln men ng to thnh ru v CO2. Do trong sn xut ru th giai on

u cn iu kin hiu kh nm men sinh sn tng sinh khi, pht trin lng t bo

cn thit cho qu trnh ln menru v sau phi ym kh cho qu trnh ln men ru.

Tip n phi ym kh tuyt i nm men chuyn ha ng thnh ru.

nh hng ca pH: Nh trn ni, pH c nh hng ln n qu trn ln men, to

sn phm chnh v ph khc nhau . Nu pH 4-5 ln men ru bnh thng to sn phm

chnh l etanol. y l iu kin cn thit trong qu trnh ln men ru cc nh my

ru hin nay. axit ha mi trng thng dng H2SO4 hay axit lactic. Nu pH mi

trng kim sn phm chnh l glyxerin - ng dng trong ln men glyxerin.

nh hng nhit : nhit l yu t cn thit nh hng ln n nm men v s ln

men. Thng thng nhit ph hp cho l men l 28oC - 30oC. Nhit khong hn

50oC v di 0oC s ln men hu nh nh ch.

nh hng nng ru to thnh : Ru to ra trong qu trnh ln men c nh hng

n s lnmen. Thng thng nm men ln men n nng t 12 14%. Mt s t

nm men c th ln men t nng ru 17 - 20% vi nng ru cao hn s c ch

nm men v hu nh km hm ln men ru.

Hin nay, cng ngh sn xut cn t g ng c ph bin mt s nc trn th

gii. Sn phm cn c chng ct ny l kt qu ca qu trnh ln men s dng nm

men p hoc men gc thun khit.

I.3.2 Qu trnh ln men ruQu trnh ln men ru c thc hin theo nhng bc sau:


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Dng cc cht ty ra nhmy ngi ta thng dng focmalin nng 0,02-0,05%

so vi dung tch thng ln men v sinh thng ln men, cng vi hi nng 55-60oC gi

trong vng 1-1,5 gi. Sau a nhit ca hi nng ln 95-100oC v gi trong 45 pht.

Sau phi lm ngui thng ln men n nhit phng, x ht nc ngng t trong

thng ln men n nhit phng, x ht nc ngng t trong thng ln men. Tip n

cho dch ln men v 10% ging men vo Saccharomyces cerevisae. Giai on u phithi kh tng kh nng pht trin ca nm men cho s lng cn thit cho qu trnh

ln men.

Khi lng nm men va cho qu trnh ln men, th khng cung cp kh na m tin

hnh ln men ym kh. Nhit cn thit cho qu trnh ln men 32-34oC. Thi gian ln

men khong 4-5 ngy, sau tin hnh chng ct v tinh luyn.

V l thuyt, 100 kg ng glucose, sau qu trnh ln men s to ra 51,11 kg cn vgii phng 48,89 kg kh CO2. Trong thc t, sn xut cha bao gi t c trn 95% so

vi l thuyt. Phn nh thc t trong chng ct cn t g ng cho thy, hiu sut len

men t ti a khong 90% v hiu sut chng ct cn t t 95% n 98%. Tuy nhin,

cc ch s ti a ny cng him khi t c.

Hiu sut chng ct cn ph thuc nhiu yu t, bao gm cht lng dch ng ln

men, iu kin v thi gian bo qun g ng, quy m nh my v c s vt cht kthut phc v cho qu trnh ln men.

Mt s bin i v cht lng dch ng c th trc tip nhhng ti kh nng ln

men. y l vn quan trng, c bit i vi cc nh my chng ct cn t g ng,

bi v, ch cn gim mt lng nh hiu sut ln men cng c th to ra s bin ng ln

v chi ph sn xut

B mn ng dng Cng ngh Enzyme ca Cng ty SEB (Specialty Enzymes and

Biochemicals Co.) tin hnh nghin cu tng sn lng cn trong quy trnh chng ct

ru t g ng ln men, kt qu sn xut thnh cng sn phm c quyn l


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MOLSEB v M-BOOST. Hp cht ny c tc dng n nh hiu sut ln men t cc

ngun g ng khc nhau v c th tng sn lng thu hi cn t 15% n 40% trn mi

tn g ng.

Quy trnh ng dng :

Quy

trnhPhng php truyn thng

Cng ngh b sung MOLSEB

BOOSTER

Qu

trnh

nhn

ging

nmmen

Qu trnh gy men c tin

hnh trong thit b nhn ging.

- B sung 40.000 lt dch g

ng x l, vi nng l12.5

oBx (t trng ring 1.089-1.09)

vo thit b nhn ging.

- B sung men p v ur.

Ton b qu trnh nhn ging ko

di khong 12 gi (khi nng

dch ng gim xung cn

10.5oBx.

Qu trnh gy men c tin hnh trong

thit b nhn ging

- Cho 40.000 lt dch g ng x l

vi nng l 1

2.5oBx (t trng ring 1.089-1.09) vo

thit b nhn ging .

- B sung men p + 10 ppm MOLSEB

BOOSTER.

- Duy tr qu trnh ln men 5-6 gi v cho

thm vo 0.04% MOLSEB (% so vi dch

ng).

Ton b qu trnh nhn ging ko di

khong 12 gi (khi nng dich ng

gim xung cn 10.5oBx.

Tipging

v ln

Khi nng dch ng t10.5

oBx, chuyn 40.000 lt dch

men ging sang tank ln men cha

Chuyn 40.000 lt dch men ging sangtank ln men cha 140.000 lt dch ng

nng 240Bx khi dch men ging gim


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men 140.000 lt dch ng nng

24oBx

Thi gian chuyn men ging l 2

gi.

Qu trnh ln men sau c

ko di cho n khi nng dch

ng gim xung n 7.5oBx. S

to bt din ra trong giai on ny

v nhit c th tng n 35C.

Thi gian nm men chuyn ha

dch ng t nng 24

o

Bxxung 7.5oBx l khong 24 gi.

Sau khi t 7.5oBx thng th

nm men ngng hot ng v c

th tin hnh qu trnh chng ct

cn.

ng xung 10.5oBx.

B sung thm MOLSEB vi t l 0.05%

so vi dch ng.

Thi gian chuyn men ging l 2 gi

Qu trnh ln men kt thc khi nng

dch ng gim xung 7.5oBx. S to

bt din ra trong giai on ny v nhit

c th tng n 35C. Thi gian ln men

(gim nng dch ng t 24oBx

xung 7.5oBx) khong t 19 ti 21 gi.

Vic s dng thm MOLSEB v M-BOOST rt ngn thi gian ln men t

2 n 3 gi.

Sau khi t 7.5oBx thng th nm men

ngng hot ng v c th tin hnh qu

trnh chng ct cn.

T BO MEN V KH NNG HOT NG CA CHNG

T bo nm men s dng trong qu trnh sn xut ru cn chng ct th ng nht

c kh nng ln men nhanh, to ra nng ru cao iu kin nhit v ri pH rng.

Thi gian cn thit kt thc qu trnh ln men thay i ph thuc nhit , tuy nhin,

iu kin 26 - 28C, thi gian khong 48 n 72 gi.

Hiu sut chng ct cn chu nh hng bi rt nhiu iu kin khc nhau: cht lngg ng, thi gian, ch bo qun v thm ch cht lng thit b sn xut g ng.


7/20

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Yu t v cng quan trng l nhng c ch nh hng n s hot ng ca cc t bo

nm men:

- Tc ng ha hc: Bao gm nhit v hm lng ng, hp cht sulfite, natri v

cc d lng ha cht trong h CIP.

- Tc ng vi sinh t axit acetic v axit lactic c to ra bi nhng vi khun lm suy

gim ng k pH v kh nng to cn. c t mycotoxin t nm mc lm c ch hot

ng ca t bo nm men.

- c ch v ngun dinh dng c th bao gm s thiu ht sterol, nit, oxi cc

khong cht v vitamin.

SN PHM CHNG CT

Cng ngh b sung MOLSEB v M-

BOOSTPhng php truyn thng

Cn tinh khit10390

ltCn tinh khit 9832 lt

Cn th 1085 lt Cn th 983 lt

Tngs11475

ltTng s

10815

lt

Dung mi chng ct157728

ltDung mi chng ct

163863

lt

G ng44.1

tn

G ng45.88

tnSn lng cn/tn nguyn liu

g ng259 lt

Sn lng cn/tn nguyn liu

g ng

235.7

lt


8/20

8

Lng cn chng ct c tng thm 23.3 lt/1 tn g ng nguyn liu

G NG

Dch ng ln men sau khi qua h thng ct phn on, thng l quy trnh "bn thp

ct", s cho ra ba loi sn phm nh sau:

1. Cn tinh khit ( R.S).

2. Cn th: c thnh phn cc cht d bay hi nh alde-hyde, methanol,...

3. Du fusel: c thnh phn propanol, butanol, furfural.

Vic ng dng sn phm mi MOLSEB v M-BOOST c th tng sn lng cn

chng ct khong 23.3 lt/1 tn g ngnguyn liu. Bn cnh , thi gian ln men

c rt ngn t 3 - 4 gi. K thut mi ny hon ton c th p dng quy m sn xut

cng nghip, gp phn nng cao hiu qu kinh t m khng i hi thm nhn cng lao

ng, cng nh chi ph u t ln trong qu trnh sn xut.

ng dng: T nguyn liu g ng thc hin qu trnh ln men ru c ng dng

rng ri trong cng nghip, c bit l cng nghp thc phm. C th sn xut ru

ung, cn (96o). Ngoi ra cn cn lm dung mi cho cng nghip ha hc-y sinh hc.

Dng lm cht dit trng trong cc phng cy vi sinh hay trong cc phng gii phu.

II. IU CH PECTIN T PH LIU TO

T cc ph liu ca to ngi ta sn xut ra pectin kh hoc dch pectin c.

a. Ngun gc v cu to

Pectin l mt polysaccharide tn ti ph bin trong thc vt, l thnh phn thamgia xy dng cu trc t bo thc vt. thc vt pectin tn ti ch yu 2 dng l pectin


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ha tan v protopectin khng ha tan. Di tc dng ca acid, enzyme protopectinaza

hoc khi gia nhit th protopectin chuyn thnh pectin.

Pectin l hp cht cao phn t polygalactoronic c n phn t l galactoronic v ru

metylic. Trng lng phn t t 20.000 - 200.000 vC. Hm lng pectin 1% trong dung

dch c nht cao, nu b sung 60 % ng v iu chnh pH mi trng t 3,1-3,4 sn

phm s to ng.

Cu to phn t pectin l mt dn sut ca acid pectic, acid pectic l mt polymer

ca acid D-galacturonic lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt 1-4-glycozide.

Cu to khng gian ca Pectin

Hp cht pectin c c trng bi 2 ch s quan trng l ch s methoxyl MI biu

hin cho phn trm khi lng nhm methoxyl OCH3c trong phn t pectin v ch s

este ha DE th hin mc este ha ca cc phn t acid galactoronic trong phn tpectin. Da trn mc methoxy ha v este ha, trong thng mi chia pectin thnh 2

loi: pectin c methoxyl ha cao v pectin c methoxyl ha thp.


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- Pectin methoxyl ha cao (High Methoxyl PectinHMP): DE >50 % hay MI >

7%. Cht ny c th lm tng nht cho sn phm. Mun to ng cn phi c iu

kin pH = 3,1 3,4 v nng ng trn 60 %.

- Pectin methoxyl ha thp (Low Methoxyl Pectin LMP): DE < 50 % hay MI

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