Fiber-optic lines have revolutionized long-distance phone calls, cable TV and the Internet. Fiber-optic lines

are strands of optically

pure glass as thin as a

human hair that carry

digital information over

long distances.

Fiber optics is matter of the glass without the mixture of the thinness like the hair. They are placed in a thing called an optical cable and can send light signal more than a long distance. They are comprised of Core, Cladding, Buffer coating. And there are two types of Single-mode fibers and Multi-mode fibers.

The light of the optical fiber cable goes ahead through the center while bouncing off cladding consistently. It does total reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances. However, impurities are included in glass. Therefore, a part of the light signal is broken down.

Fiber-optic relay systems consist of the following: Transmitter -Produces and encodes the light signals Optical fiber -Conducts the light signals over a distance Optical regenerator -May be necessary to boost the light signal Optical receiver -Receives and decodes the light signals

Optical fiber has the following advantages in comparison with a conventional metal wire. Less expensive Higher carrying capacity Thinner Less signal degradation Light signals Low power Digital signals Non-flammable Lightweigh Flexible

The optical fiber is made of optical glass without the mixture. The optical glass without this mixture is made of the following steps.

Making a preform glass cylinder

Drawing the fibers from the preform

Testing the fibers